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Monitoring of strata control parameters and behaviour of a powered support was carried out during an experimental trial of a mechanized longwall sublevel caving face for exploitation of a 7.5m thick coal seam. Field observations indicated that the requirement of support density for underwinning of top coal by sublevel caving under intact strata is different from that for underwinning under broken and fractured rock mass. Analysis of the leg closure observations and support resistance variations during different mining cycles showed rapid increase of the setting load density of the support in relation to the yield load density. This resulted in a large amount of leg closure during mining cycles of the sub level caving face under broken rock strata. Due to operational constraints, the field observations could not provide enough information to visualize the behaviour of the overlying rock strata. Simulation of the field conditions was therefore performed on a physical model to bridge this gap of information. Results of laboratory investigations on the physical model are combined with those of the field to explain the critical behaviour of the support system during sublevel caving under broken rock strata. 相似文献
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This study investigates the flow and caving characteristics of top coal and roof rock, as well as top coal loss pattern in the fully mechanized top coal caving mining of extra thick coal seams. The two dimensional discrete element numerical simulation software program, particle flow code (PFC), is used for the simulation of top coal caving and the inversion analysis. The original locations, distribution, and migration pattern of caved top coal and lost coal were obtained. The analysis shows that in the initial site of caving, the caved bodies are in the form of arc shaped strips in front of the working face. During the caving, caved bodies of different heights move towards the lower rear of the face at different speeds. The lost coal and caved roof rock are originally located at the interface between coal seam and roof, the lost coal is mainly distributed in the goaf on the floor. Behind the support, the caved top coal bodies originally are arc shaped strips, with the highest points located at the midline of the caving opening. The strips are more curved near the goaf than those near the support. During top coal caving, the strips successively cave, with the adjacent outer strip replacing the caved one. The variations of top coal loss and waste rock ratio with time reflect the different phases of top coal caving. In order to improve coal recovery and limit the amount of caved roof rock, the waste rock ratio should be controlled below 10 %. When the waste rock ratio reaches this value, the caving opening should be closed. This paper provides theoretical bases for the improvement of top coal recovery in the fully mechanized top coal caving mining of extra thick coal seams. 相似文献
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确定合理的区段煤柱宽度及巷道支护型式和参数,对于提高资源回采率和巷道安全性及实现综放开采高产高效意义重大。以王家岭煤矿20103区段运输平巷为工程背景,采用FLAC3D数值分析了不同煤柱宽度下围岩主应力差、变形及破坏演化规律,认为合理煤柱宽度为6～10 m,并结合实际地质和生产条件确定试验巷道煤柱宽度为8 m。采用理论分析和现场钻孔窥视方法综合确定基本顶断裂线位于距采空区约7 m处,认为由于综放沿空巷道围岩性质结构和应力分布沿巷道中心线呈明显非对称性,将引发煤柱侧顶板严重下沉和肩角部位煤岩体错位、嵌入、台阶下沉等非对称破坏特征,靠煤柱侧顶板及肩角部位是巷道变形破坏的关键部位。在此研究基础上,针对性地提出了以高强锚梁网、不对称锚梁、锚索桁架为主体的综合控制技术,详细阐明了具体支护措施的控制机制,并进行现场应用。工程实践表明,8 m煤柱宽度合理,该支护技术能够保证窄煤柱沿空巷道围岩稳定,并已在王家岭煤矿大面积推广应用,对类似工程条件的支护技术具有一定的理论意义和实用价值。 相似文献
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以金牛能源股份有限公司邢台矿9号煤开采为例,对底板岩体质量及阻水性能进行了评价。首先分析了开采煤层的底板岩体地质结构,获取了岩石力学参数;进行了地应力测试,掌握了该区域地应力性质;进行了矿山压力显现规律研究,获取了工作面的初次垮落步距、周期来压步距和来压强度;在综放和综采工作面进行了底板破坏深度测试,得到了不同开采条件下煤层底板破坏深度;采用三维非线性固-液耦合岩石水力学计算方法,以非线性数值模拟软件ANSYS为手段,建立了三维数值仿真模型,根据矿井水文地质、工程地质特征和开采技术条件,分4种工况,对不同开采阶段、不同深度煤层底板应力分布、破坏状态的影响进行了分析研究。数值模拟结果表明,从突水的必要条件(底板破裂带贯通)和充分条件(水平应力小于承压水压力)来考察,在本次计算采用的工作面开采条件和正常的地质条件下,突水的可能性由大到小依此为:工况Ⅳ >工况Ⅲ >工况Ⅱ >工况Ⅰ,由此为该矿首个9号煤工作面开采选择提供了依据。 相似文献
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鉴于岩石碎胀特性对于煤矿地下水库储水能力及地表沉陷的重要影响,选取神东矿区某矿22615面为工程背景,利用相似材料模型试验探究采空区垮落岩体应力及碎胀系数分布规律,明确垮落岩体应力-碎胀系数关系,并通过岩石压实试验进行验证,揭示饱水岩石压实特性。研究结果表明：沿采空区走向,边界附近老顶悬臂梁结构限制覆岩下沉,垮落岩体应力最低仅为0.32 MPa,碎胀系数最大达1.48;中间区域老顶结构失稳覆岩完全下沉,垮落岩体应力趋于1.5 MPa,碎胀系数降至1.09。沿采空区垂向,垮落岩体应力随高度负相关改变,而碎胀系数成正相关变化。无论沿采空区走向或垂向,垮落岩体碎胀系数与应力均满足负对数关系。与自然岩石相比,受载饱水岩石碎胀系数减幅更为明显,两者相差8.514%,为煤矿地下水库储水量和地表沉降量预测提供了基础理论依据。 相似文献
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The movement and failure of overlying strata induced by underground coal mining cause “three zones,” including the caving zone, the water-conductive fractured zone, and the sagging zone from the bottom up. For knowledge about the height of the water-conductive fractured zone, there has been no empirical or theoretical formulae for thick coal seam using fully mechanized longwall mining with sublevel caving. This paper presents a methodology of determining the height of the water-conductive fractured zone based on the radial basis function neural networks (RBFNN) model in MATLAB software. Before modeling, the relationship between the height of the water-conductive fractured zone and mining thickness, the lithologic character of the overburden and its composite structures, and workface parameters was studied. After that, 32 and 7 measured data were used as training and testing samples, respectively. It has been found that the average relative error is 6% and the maximum relative error is 10% for 7 test samples by comparing actual results with predicted results. The model was applied to the no. 31503 workface in the Gaozhuang coal mine for safety evaluation. The predicted value is 59.6 m, and the measured value is 55.9 m. The RBF-based model shows much better performance than empirical formulae in the Regulations for Coal Mining and Coal Pillar Design under Buildings, Water-bodies, Railways and Main Shafts for the prediction of the height of the water-conductive fractured zone for fully mechanized mining with sublevel caving. 相似文献
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针对特厚煤层综放开采过程中矿压显现剧烈支架工作阻力难以确定的问题,结合特厚煤层工作面顶板岩层破断形成的悬臂梁-砌体梁力学结构模型。工作面来压阶段支架工作阻力不足时,引起砌体梁结构下沉使悬臂梁结构回转变形破断,造成上覆砌体梁结构滑落失稳压架使工作面矿压显现剧烈的特点,建立了含中心斜裂纹的悬臂梁结构破断的力学模型,应用断裂力学理论,分析了悬臂梁破断失稳的影响因素,推导了支架荷载的表达式。结果表明：裂纹倾角和长度是悬臂梁破断失稳的主要影响因素;支架荷载除与悬臂梁自身因素有关外,还与砌体梁垮落步距等因素相关。结合塔山煤矿8102综采工作面地质条件,计算了支架荷载的理论值,验证了理论分析的合理性。理论研究成果对于分析特厚煤层开采时的支架荷载的大小,合理选择支架减少顶板事故具有一定的工程实际意义。 相似文献
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Caving-induced fault reactivation and its effects on caving process are widely recognized as serious safety issues in mining and tunnelling industry. In this study, the effects of a variety of factors (i.e. friction coefficient, stick–slip instability, geological structure, pre-mining status, mining and its induced effects) that might exert an influence on fault dynamic behaviour of a 5-seam coal mine are investigated using practical mine-wide finite element numerical models with a normal fault. Based on the research outcomes on R-minimum-based finite element modelling of earthquake dynamics, the node-to-point contact strategy and the nonlinear friction contact law have been used here to simulate and analyse the caving-induced stick–slip frictional instability along the fault and related effects. The simulation results show that: (1) stress distribution before mining is relatively uniform around the fault for a homogenous rock material case, while stress concentration appears around the fault for the model with contrasting rock material properties; (2) the multiple-layered models are in favour of fault reactivation than models with only one material for whole strata; (3) the fault reactivation scale (i.e. dynamic relative motion and fault slip) induced by caving activity is significantly affected by rock mass strength, caving depth and its relative position to the fault. As caving progresses deeper and closer to the fault, the fault reactivation scale increases. Meanwhile, the fault in low strength strata is much more sensitive to fault slip behaviour; (4) seismic source parameters, namely seismic moment and moment magnitude, are adopted to evaluate the magnitude of caving-induced seismicity based on numerical results and fault slip risk and magnitude increase as fault reactivation scale expands; (5) during the caving stage, the failure zone initiates, develops and eventually connects the reactivated fault to the working area, presenting asymmetric failure pattern around the caving zone. The failure zone is obviously larger for the side closer to the fault than the other side due to caving-induced fault reactivation effects. This could help in better understanding fault reactivation and rock failure behaviours towards an optimised design of caving in a faulted region.
相似文献11.
岩浆岩体严重影响井田的煤质、储量等,对采区工作面布置、巷道掘进及回采工作造成严重的影响,因而探测岩浆岩侵入煤层的范围对煤矿安全高效生产具有重大意义。在总结岩浆岩侵入体的地质特征基础上,建立岩浆侵入煤层地震地质模型,通过正演,对多种属性进行交互分析,发现主频能量属性与振幅类属性对岩浆岩反应较为敏感,并且随着岩浆岩厚度的逐渐增加能量类与振幅类属性逐渐降低。通过对QN煤矿103工作面高密度三维地震资料连井剖面10煤进行属性分析,发现频带宽度、中心频率、主振幅属性可以较好地识别岩浆侵入区。通过对勘探区10煤层进行频带宽度、中心频率和主振幅属性分析识别岩浆侵入区,其识别结果与钻孔实际揭露吻合较好,证明采用地震属性识别技术可以识别煤层岩浆岩侵入区范围。 相似文献
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为提 高对 采 区 范 围内 地 质 构 造的 控 制 程 度,开 滦钱 家 营 矿 先后 在 六 采 西区 、辅 六采 区 进 行 了三 维 地 震 探 测 ,以 查明 该 区内 的地 质 构造 、煤 层赋 存 状况 及火 成 岩分 布情 况 ,从目 前 的部 分实 见 情况 看,探测 结 果同 实 际情 况 有 较 大出 入。根 据实 见资 料 结合 该区 的 地震 地质 条 件分 析其 主 要原 因是 该 区地 震地 质 条件 复杂 ,造 成多 次 波发 育,对煤 层 波产 生了 强 烈的 干扰 ,影 响 了有 效波 的 接收 ,使 探测 结果 出 现偏 差。 相似文献
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煤矿地质保障技术是实现煤炭精准开采和绿色采矿的关键路径,针对智能开采需求和地质保障要求,分析了回采工作面地质保障主要面临的难题,包括基础理论研究薄弱、地质探测精度不足、建模精度无法满足工程应用、模型动态更新困难、缺乏基于时空演变的智能回采全局路径最优决策手段等。根据面临的难题和技术现状,对陕西延安黄陵一矿和陕西神木榆家梁煤矿智能开采地质保障技术进行了探索实践。黄陵一矿以810综采工作面智能开采为目标,采用综合探测、数据融合等技术,构建工作面静态地质模型,利用地质雷达、惯性导航技术,动态修正工作面地质模型,通过对“透明工作面”高精度地质模型“CT切片”,获取采煤机关键截割曲线,与回采工艺、装备形成耦合协同、联动控制模式,实现基于三维空间感知和智能数据分析的规划截割,推动黄陵一矿810综采工作面实现智能无人化开采。榆家梁煤矿提出构建基于时空数据模型的智能自主割煤工作面无人化开采模式,融合多源异构地质数据建立智能开采工作面多属性地质数据库,构建基于绝对坐标的43101工作面高精度时空地质模型,并基于时态地理信息系统平台(4DGIS)进行三维地质模型可视化,实现地质模型的任意剖切,结合随采地质... 相似文献
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Guibin Zhang Wenquan Zhang Changhao Wang Guangli Zhu Bo Li 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2016,34(5):1553-1563
In underground coal mines, the failure of overlying strata can have disastrous effects where the working face is overlain by thin bedrock covered with thick alluvium. Roof failure under these conditions can cause a massive water and sand inrush. This paper presents a case study for a design to prevent such disasters in the Baodian mine, China. First, the engineering geological and hydrogeological conditions of the overlying lithified strata and the alluvium were obtained from field and laboratory studies. Numerical models were then built with different bedrock thicknesses using distinct-element modelling software. The deformation, failure, and subsidence of the overlying strata during simulated coal mining were studied using these computer models. Finally, the results of the model studies were combined with the geological data to design a reasonable layout for the longwall panel to be mined in the Baodian mine. Initial results showed that the alluvium was somewhat impervious and water-poor. The models showed that the first caving and weighting intervals of the roof decreased with decreasing bedrock thickness, and decreasing bedrock thickness also increased maximum subsidence of the alluvium. The maximum height of the caving zone and the minimum height of the sand-prevention coal and rock pillars were 34 m and 46 m, respectively. Knowing this allowed a somewhat shorter (204 m) but safe working face to be designed. This research provides a good background for the design of safe mines under similar conditions. 相似文献
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《China Geology》2019,2(3):342-353
Intermediate acid-complex rock masses with low-density characteristics are the most important prospecting sign in the Beiya area, of western Yunnan province, and provide a physical basis for good gravity exploration. It is usually difficult to obtaining solutions in connection with actual geological situations due to the ambiguity of the conventional gravity-processing results and lack of deep constraints. Thus, the three-dimensional (3D) inversion technology is considered as the main channel for reducing the number of solutions and improving the vertical resolution at the current stage. The current study starts from a model test and performs nonlinear 3D density-difference inversion called “model likelihood exploration”, which performs 3D inversion imaging and inversion of the known model while considering the topographic effects. The inversion results are highly consistent with those of the known models. Simultaneously, we consider the Beiya gold mine in Yunnan as an example. The nonlinear 3D density-difference inversion technology, which is restricted by geological information, is explored to obtain the 3D density body structure below 5 km in the mine area, and the 3D structure of the deep and concealed rock masses are obtained using the density constraints of the intermediate-acid-complex rock masses. The results are well consistent with the surface geological masses and drilling-controlled deep geological masses. The model test and examples both show that the 3D density-difference nonlinear inversion technology can reduce inversion ambiguity, improve resolution, optimize the inversion results, and realize “transparency” in deeply concealed rock masses in ore-concentrated areas,which is useful in guiding the deep ore prospecting. 相似文献
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冲击地压等矿井动力灾害的发生受多因素影响,是自然地质动力环境条件和开采工程扰动条件耦合作用的结果。冲击地压发生的时间、空间、强度等特征与矿井所处区域地质动力环境有关,由于不同煤田、不同矿区、不同矿井所处的区域地质动力环境存在差异性,致使有些煤矿不具备发生冲击地压的地质动力环境条件,而有些煤矿发生冲击地压的类型也不同。提出矿井地质动力环境评价方法,并构建评价指标体系。在地质动力环境研究中,主要考虑自然地质条件下外部地质体的动力作用对冲击地压的影响效应,确定构造凹地反差强度、矿井区域断块构造运动、断裂构造、构造应力、开采深度、上覆岩层结构特征、本区及邻区判据条件等影响因素为评价指标,根据各因素对矿井的影响程度情况,给出每个因素的不同量化评价值。综合量化评价结果,判定矿井是否具有发生冲击地压的地质动力环境：(1)当综合评价指标值n为0～0.25,表明矿井不具备冲击地压发生的地质动力环境;(2)当综合评价指标值n为>0.25～0.50,矿井具有弱冲击地压发生的地质动力环境;(3)当综合评价指标值n为>0.50～0.75,矿井具有中等冲击地压发生的地质动力环境;(4)当综合评价指标值... 相似文献
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赵官井田位于山东省的西北部,该区岩浆岩较发育,有三层岩浆岩呈岩床状侵入到煤系地层中。下层岩浆岩一般位于10煤以下,但在井田局部区域,也会上冲至10煤层,甚至达到7煤层,造成冲断条带两侧煤层底板形态发生剧烈变化,10煤或7煤直接吞蚀。依据赵官井田岩浆岩的发育规律及煤岩性特征,利用三维地震勘探方法查明了井田内三层岩浆岩的赋存状态,尤其对下层岩浆侵入形态以及对煤层的影响进行了解释,否定了以往地质资料中因岩浆侵入煤层而误解释为多条逆断层的存在。赵官庄井田三维地震勘探实例表明,岩浆岩冲断煤层在时间剖面上具有典型的响应特征,并指出下层岩浆岩的上冲的影响井田浅部煤层开采的一个重要地质因素。 相似文献