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1.
The city of Seoul is home to more than 10 million people in an area of 605 km2. Groundwater is abstracted for public water supply and industrial use, and to drain underground facilities and construction
sites. Though most tap water is supplied from the Han River, the quantity and quality of groundwater is of great concern to
Seoul's citizens, because the use of groundwater for drinking water is continuously increasing. This study identifies the
major factors affecting the urban water budget and quality of groundwater in the Seoul area and estimates the urban water
budget. These factors include leakage from the municipal water-supply system and sewer systems, precipitation infiltration,
water-level fluctuations of the Han River, the subway pumping system, and domestic pumping. The balance between groundwater
recharge and discharge is near equilibrium. However, the quality of groundwater and ability to control contaminant fluxes
are impeded by sewage infiltration, abandoned landfills, waste dumps, and abandoned wells.
Electronic Publication 相似文献
2.
地下空间是城市发展中土地资源综合利用的重要途径,准确掌握地下空间利用现状对城市地下地籍调查和权属认定意义重大。地下空间情况复杂,地球物理探测面临诸多现实难题。通常布置二维剖面只能对地下空间进行＂拼凑式＂成像,无法整体刻画地下空间。三维地震技术以全方位获取反射信号,能准确对目标对象予以成像,但目前尚无应用于城市地下地籍调查的实践。结合专题研究,以小块体、浅层采集等方法,以实现该技术在地下空间调查中的应用。通过具体实验,初步形成了实施技术方案,并对应用效果与存在问题进行了分析。 相似文献
3.
天津市是我国水资源缺乏、人均占有淡水资源最少的城市之一,也是我国地面沉降最为严重的地区之一。地面沉降现已成为天津市的主要地质灾害,并在一定程度上制约着天津城镇的可持续发展。天津市平原区洼地众多,这些洼地大部分是天津市的湿地分布区。在洼地内建设应急地下水水源地,既可以起到为城区供水,缓解城区的地面沉降,又可以改善洼地生态环境的作用。 相似文献
4.
Evaluation of land subsidence by considering underground structures that penetrate the aquifers of Shanghai, China 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
Underground structures that penetrate into aquifers can cause groundwater-level drawdown and land subsidence. Numerical analyses, based on a three-dimensional (3-D) groundwater flow model incorporated with a 1-D consolidation model, have been conducted to assess the behaviour of seepage and effect on subsidence by considering underground structures in the multi-aquifer?Caquitard system of Shanghai, China. Two extreme scenarios were examined: (1) distributed underground structures, and (2) concentrated underground structures around the heavily urbanized area. In the first scenario, the aquifer with underground structures was substituted with another material that possessed a lower hydraulic conductivity, established using the effective-medium theory; when the ratio of the volume of the underground structures to that of selected aquifer layers??(1) low-pressure partially-confined aquifer (Aq02), (2) the first confined aquifer (AqI), and (3) the second confined aquifer (AqII)??increases by 10?%, subsidence increases by about 3, 3 and 32?%, respectively. In the second scenario, part of the aquifer material was directly replaced by the structure material (very low hydraulic conductivity). In this situation, when the ratio of the volume of the underground structure to the volume of aquifers Aq02, AqI or AqII increases by 10?%, subsidence increases by about 5, 8 or 20?%, respectively. 相似文献
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Underground coal mining can affect wells and springs used as water supplies. In Virginia, concerns over such impacts are
felt by both surface owners and coal-mining firms. Virginia's geologic history has caused faults and fractures to be common
in its coalfield region, relative to other Appalachian coal-mining areas. The results of 73 investigations of alleged domestic
water supply impacts by underground mining were analyzed; the investigations were conducted by the Virginia Division of Mined
Land Reclamation (VDMLR). This analysis was conducted with reference to guidelines that define a primary zone of underground
mining influence where dewatering of aquifers is to be expected. The VDMLR data set included 27 investigations of alleged
water supply impacts by partial-extraction room-and-pillar mines, 41 investigations of high-extraction room-and-pillar mines,
and 4 investigations of longwall mines. VDMLR investigators found that 14 of 16 water supplies within the primary zone of
influence were likely to have been affected by pillar-retreat mining, but no water supplies within the primary zone of influence
for longwall and room-and-pillar mines were represented in the data base. VDMLR investigators found 42 of 56 water supplies
outside of the primary zones were likely to have been affected by mining; these cases represented room-and-pillar, pillar-retreat,
and longwall mining. Geologic circumstances not directly related to subsidence were found to be responsible for 31 of these
42 impacts. These geologic circumstances included subsurface fractures and other geologic features acting as aquifers that
were drained by underground mining operations. VDMLR investigators also found some of the investigated water losses to have
been caused by factors other than mining. These results demonstrate the inherent difficulties of any attempt to rigidly define
a "zone of underground mining impact" based solely on mine subsidence effects, especially in regions where geologic faults
and fractures are common such as the southwest Virginia coalfield.
Received: 4 August 1995 · Accepted: 23 October 1995 相似文献
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Guillaume Attard Yvan Rossier Thierry Winiarski Loann Cuvillier Laurent Eisenlohr 《Hydrogeology Journal》2016,24(5):1213-1229
Underground structures have been shown to have a great influence on subsoil resources in urban aquifers. A methodology to assess the actual and the potential state of the groundwater flow in an urban area is proposed. The study develops a three-dimensional modeling approach to understand the cumulative impacts of underground infrastructures on urban groundwater flow, using a case in the city of Lyon (France). All known underground structures were integrated in the numerical model. Several simulations were run: the actual state of groundwater flow, the potential state of groundwater flow (without underground structures), an intermediate state (without impervious structures), and a transient simulation of the actual state of groundwater flow. The results show that underground structures fragment groundwater flow systems leading to a modification of the aquifer regime. For the case studied, the flow systems are shown to be stable over time with a transient simulation. Structures with drainage systems are shown to have a major impact on flow systems. The barrier effect of impervious structures was negligible because of the small hydraulic gradient of the area. The study demonstrates that the definition of a potential urban groundwater flow and the depiction of urban flow systems, which involves understanding the impact of underground structures, are important issues with respect to urban underground planning. 相似文献
9.
20世纪90年代上海中心城区的地面沉降在地下水开采量没有增加的情况下出现了新一轮的增长。与此同时,上海进行了大规模的城市化建设。通过对中心城区地面沉降量与工程建设进行相关性分析发现,近年来中心城区的地面沉降量与工程建设具有相关性。目前城市化建设引起地面沉降的现象已受到关注,但尚缺乏对城市化进程引起地面沉降机制的系统研究。针对上海市城市化进程引起地面沉降的因素进行分析探讨,城市化进程引起的沉降包括建筑物荷载及交通荷载等外荷载引起的沉降,基坑开挖、降水及隧道施工等工程施工引起的土体压缩,以及隧道渗漏,周边地区对地下水补给量的减小,地下构筑物挡水效应等引起的地下水位持续下降而诱发的沉降 相似文献
10.
Groundwater recharge has become a method to prevent the expansion of land subsidence. A groundwater pumping–recharge test in Cangzhou city, Hebei Province (China), is taken as a representative example in order to monitor the changes in borehole water levels and land subsidence. The aquifer system consists of three main confined aquifers interspersed with silt and clays. Based on the lithology, the test and the Biot consolidation theory, a three-dimensional fully coupled numerical model is established to analyse the influence of groundwater recharge on the seepage field and displacement field. The results show that, due to recharge of the deeper confined aquifers (III1 and III2), the water levels rise rapidly and remain stable for a long time. By 163 days, the water-level rise is approximately 0.5 m, and the land also shows an obvious rebound. Therefore, groundwater recharge takes a long time to control land subsidence. Groundwater recharge controls the occurrence of land subsidence by increasing pore-water pressure and changing the characteristics of the aquifer system. However, the limitation is that the scope of impact of single-well recharge is limited, which is still a challenge to the governance of large areas.
相似文献11.
D. Purushotham A. Narsing Rao M. Ravi Prakash Shakeel Ahmed G. Ashok Babu 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2011,77(6):539-548
Maheshwaram watershed is situated in Ranga Reddy district of at a distance of about 30 km south of Hyderabad. The watershed
has an area of 53 km2 and has hard rock aquifers with semi-arid climate. The study area has been expanding at a fast pace and now has the distinction
of being one of the fastest growing urban centers, facing the problem of groundwater depletion and quality deterioration due
to the absence of perennial source of surface water and also due to over exploitation. Human activities involving industrial
and agricultural development and the inadequate management of land and water resources have, directly or indirectly resulted
in the degradation of environment viz. water and soil. 相似文献
12.
北京山前平原区第四系三维结构调查方法研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
随着我国城市化进程的加快,城市供水、地下空间资源利用、建筑物地基处理、垃圾安全处置等工作,越来越与地质工作紧密相关,特别是许多在第四纪沉积物基础上建设的大都市,都面临着地震、活动断裂、地面沉降、水资源紧缺、建设空间不足、环境恶化等方面的威胁。北京市作为世界上少数几个著名的巨型城市之一,也面临着同样的问题。这些城市的生存和发展与第四纪松散沉积物关系密切,为了预防或减少上述问题的发生,需要详细了解第四系的三维地质结构,提供地质体空间详实的展布资料。本文在详细地介绍了北京平原区第四系的分布、类型和特点的基础上,对北京市平原区第四纪松散沉积物开展三维地质结构调查的方法进行了深入研究,提出了建立三维地质结构模型的步骤和程序。在此基础上建立了北京平原区三维立体地质结构数字模型。为在城市地区开展第四纪地质调查工作进行了新探索,并取得了较好的效果。 相似文献
13.
太原市地面沉降的现状及发展变化趋势 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
张文华 《地质灾害与环境保护》2010,21(4):38-40
地面沉降作为一种广泛的地质灾害,不仅对地面设施造成很大的破坏,而且也会使地下环境发生变化。从太原市地下水开采历史与地面沉降演变历史总体上相符可以看出,太原市地面沉降是由于过量开采中深层孔隙地下水引起地下水位急剧下降造成的。随着2003年太原市采取关井压采及引黄入并等一系列举措以来,地下水位呈现回升的趋势,地面沉降速率随之减缓。 相似文献
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为了准确模拟由地下水开采导致渗流场和应力场发生变化而引起的地面沉降问题,根据Terzaghi有效应力原理,建立了地下水三维渗流与一维垂向固结的地下水渗流与地面沉降耦合数值模拟模型和以比奥固结理论为基础,并结合土体非线性流变理论,将土体本构关系推广到粘弹塑性,同时考虑土体力学参数及水力参数的动态变化关系的地下水渗流与地面沉降三维全耦合数值模拟模型.通过对比分析,结果表明:基于Terzaghi有效应力原理建立的地下水三维渗流与一维垂向固结地下水渗流与地面沉降耦合数值模拟模型模拟所得地面沉降与地下水位呈现出同步变化的趋势,并且当地下水位逐步回升至初始水位时,地面沉降也逐步回升到初始的零沉降状态.而以比奥固结为基础建立的地下水渗流与地面沉降三维全耦合数值模拟模型模拟所得的地面沉降变化趋势滞后于地下水位的变化趋势,并且当地下水位逐步回升至初始水位时,地面沉降虽也逐步得到回升,但回不到初始的零沉降状态,存在一个永久的残余沉降量.在土体参数变化方面,土体的孔隙度、渗透系数及泊松比均呈现先减小后增大的变化趋势,而弹性模量则呈现先增大后减小的变化趋势,与地面沉降的变化相对应. 相似文献
16.
基于地面沉降控制的区域性松散沉积层地下水可采资源规划评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
付延玲 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2012,42(2):476-484
为了满足区域性松散沉积层地区地面沉降的防控要求,规划评价地下水的可采资源量,根据渗流理论和土力学理论,建立了地下水三维非稳定渗流与地面沉降耦合数学模型,并考虑了含水层孔隙度、渗透系数、储水率随含水层发生固结沉降的变化特征。采用三维有限元数值分析方法,以江苏省南通市地下水开采为例,基于地面沉降的控制要求,规划评价出了各乡镇各含水层的地下水可采资源量。结果表明：地下水开采布局科学规划后,总的可采资源量为17 870.56×104 m3/a,较现状开采量10 902.32×104 m3/a有较大幅度的增加。地下水三维变参数非稳定流与地面沉降耦合模型可以更加精确地刻画三维水文地质体的特征,更加符合实际情况。 相似文献
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简要论述丰县县城的水文地质条件；对丰县县城规划区主要供水源深层孔隙水的开采作了动态分析；建立了地下水位灰色预测模型并预测了２０００年的水位及水位变化区间。 相似文献
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三维城市地质信息平台综合利用GIS、数字地质、现代数据库、计算机网络等技术,对研究范围的基础地质、水文地质、工程地质、环境地质、地面沉降、地球物理、地球化学、遥感、灾害地质等多专业的地质信息和成果进行集成和综合,实现对地质信息管理、更新维护、检索查询、分析评价、三维地质模拟和成果显示,在此基础上对城市地表与地下空间结构组织与空间资源、地质灾害、地下水资源与地质环境保护、地面沉降监测与防治、城市规划与建设、土地质量与后备资源等进行分析评价和预测模拟。 相似文献
19.
地面沉降是加速潮灾、涝灾等自然灾害的风险源.由于上海市市政建设和高层建筑的建设以及周边地区继续抽取地下水的影响,地面沉降趋势仍在继续.这使上海市在未来必将遭受地面沉降灾害所产生的巨大经济损失.分析了上海市未来地面沉降灾害产生经济损失的可能性、损失程度等.通过对影响未来地面沉降灾害经济损失不确定因素的分析,运用统计方法评估了2001-2020年间上海市地面沉降灾害风险的经济损失.经评估,2001-2020年上海区地面沉降灾害风险经济损失总额为245.7亿元. 相似文献
20.
浅谈城市地下空间开发中的关键科学问题与创新思路 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
城市地下空间开发是提高城市土地利用率,扩大城市容积率,增强城市综合承载能力,缓解交通拥堵,解决环境污染及洪涝灾害等“城市病”,促进城市可持续发展的重要途径。概述了目前我国城市地下空间开发中存在的问题及危害,分析了城市地下空间开发中涉及地下建筑结构与地质结构系统的关键科学问题：地质结构要素间的多场耦合作用机理不清;地质结构系统动态平衡的动力学机制不明;地质结构与地下建筑结构的互馈机理仍需深入探索;地下建筑结构的灾变机理及其演化的动力学机制不清;地下空间工程的灾害预测与动态调控机制有待深入研究。最后提出了相应的创新思路：研究施工扰动下地质结构的多场耦合作用机制与边际效应以及地质结构与地下建筑结构在多场耦合作用下的互馈机制和综合系统的动力学过程,概化其力学模型;厘清内外动力作用对地下建筑结构的边界效应及材料性能劣化机制,破解复杂地质结构环境下地下建筑结构灾变机理及演化过程,建立地下建筑结构与地质结构综合系统的灾变理论;建立城市地下空间工程灾害超前判识、预警预报与风险控制理论及安全防护理论体系,形成地下空间工程的防灾减灾机制。 相似文献