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1.
根据天津含水介质的结构和组成,选择代表性的2种含水介质,分析了土样和胶体的主要物理和化学性质,系统测定不同胶体对氨氮吸附的动力学曲线和吸附等温线,并分析了胶体粒径、ζ电位、电泳淌度对吸附作用的影响。结果表明,含水介质胶体对氨氮的吸附动力学过程为对数曲线,其平衡时间约为20~24 h;不同胶体的吸附等温线均为直线型理想吸附,并且当水相中氨氮浓度低于一定浓度时,不但不产生吸附,反而使胶体中的残留氨氮释放出来;胶体颗粒细,比表面积大,表面能大,吸附能力就越大;胶体的ζ电位和淌度愈高,胶体的稳定性愈大,与铵离子接触的机会多,容易吸附铵离子。 相似文献
2.
在沈抚灌区野外调查和室内外试验的基础上, 建立水分-反应性石油污染物运移的耦合数学模型, 采用数值方法模拟可溶性油(有效油) 的分布规律, 并定量分析了石油污染土壤不同恢复方案的可行性.研究结果表明, 土壤中的化学作用使可溶性油运移速度远远小于土壤水的入渗速度, 所以可溶性油主要分布在土壤耕作层之内, 难以通过灌溉污水的入渗直接污染地下水; 另外, 清污混合灌溉和改变作物结构的控制方案虽然可以大大降低土壤中可溶性油的含量, 但石油污染土壤的彻底恢复还必须依靠地表水或地下水的合理灌溉 相似文献
3.
通过静态吸附实验,研究了兰州地区黄土对含油废水中石油类污染物的吸附作用,并对温度、pH、土壤粒径、有机质含量和含盐量等影响吸附作用的因素进行了分析。实验结果表明:该类型黄土对可溶性石油饱和溶液的吸附等温线符合Langmuir吸附模式,其吸附能力随温度、pH的升高而降低;吸附量随土壤粒径的减小呈增大趋势;吸附量与土壤有机质含量、含盐量呈线性关系,随着有机质含量、含盐量的增高吸附量增大。 相似文献
4.
氧四环素在典型土壤中的吸附/解吸行为及其吸附态生物有效性研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用批平衡实验方法,研究了氧四环素(oxytetracycline,OTC)在褐土、红壤与森林土壤中的吸附/解吸行为,同时以大肠埃希菌(Escherichia coli ATCC 25922,E.coli ATCC 25922)作为实验菌株,研究了土壤吸附态的氧四环素的生物活性。结果表明,Freundlich和Langmuir模型均可以对OTC在三种土壤中的吸附和解吸曲线数据进行良好的拟合,OTC在褐土中的吸附/解吸等温线呈线性,而在红壤与森林土壤中的吸附/解吸等温线呈非线性,且Langmuir方程拟合效果优于Freundlich方程。OTC在三种土壤上的解吸过程均存在明显的滞后性。土壤吸附态抗生素对细菌生长的抑制作用表明,OTC与土壤发生吸附作用之后,依然具有生物有效性。 相似文献
5.
Mg/Al型双金属氧化物对六价铬的吸附作用 总被引：29，自引：2，他引：27
研究了水溶液中六价铬Cr(Ⅵ)在Mg/Al型双金属氧化物(Mg/Al-LDOs)上的吸附情况.双金属氧化物(LDOs)能通过吸附环境中的阴离子和水分子来恢复重建水滑石结构.实验表明,Mg/Al-LDOs对Cr(Ⅵ)有很强的吸附能力,其吸附能力和吸附速度都远大于未焙烧的Mg/Al型水滑石,后者的吸附机制主要是离子-离子交换.吸附动力学研究表明,Mg/Al-LDOs对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附主要发生在0～3h,吸附等温线符合Langmuir和Freundlich方程.Mg/Al-LDOs对Cr(Ⅵ)的平均吸附量大约为64.2mg/g,略低于根据Langmuir方程算出的理论吸附量(74.83mg/g),远小于水滑石的最大阴离子交换容量(301.6mg/g),这主要是环境中的CO2-3离子的竞争吸附引起的. 相似文献
6.
雌激素(E1)及其硫酸盐化合物(E1-3S)是能改变生物机体内分泌功能并对机体引起有害效应的内分泌干扰物,主要表现为危害人类的生殖机能、造成发育异常及引发某些癌症等。其大量存在于直接暴露的放牧草场中,主要是动物粪便中。由于雌激素性质不稳定,当被土壤吸附后易被代谢为其他物质,造成了对土壤吸附作用过高的估计,使得难以准确评估其对人体的危害程度。为此,笔者以质量浓度为555mg/L的CaCl2溶液(混合态)以及动物尿液(自由态)2种不同类型溶液作为雌激素载体,研究了尼日利亚纳萨拉瓦州3个不同地区农业土壤介质对不同形态雌激素的吸附规律。结果表明:2类物质的吸附均符合Freundlich非线性等温线过程,土壤对E1-3S的分配系数(2.4～6.4L/kg)比E1(34.2～46.8L/kg)中小一个数量级;3种土壤中,由于有机碳质量分数(分别为Lafia:8.2%;Doma:4%;Azara:5%)、矿物成分以及pH值的不同,致使它们对物质的吸附系数差别较大;雌激素在相同土壤、不同溶液中的吸附系数差别也较大,其在Azara土壤中CaCl2溶液及动物尿液中的分配系数分别为71.7L/kg和39.8L/kg。传统方法中以CaCl2溶液作为载体获得的吸附含量用于评价雌激素污染风险是不合理的,需采用实际载体溶液进行的实验结果才有应用价值。 相似文献
7.
TDTMA+-柱撑蒙脱石吸附硝基苯的实验研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以阳离子表面活性剂(十四烷基三甲基溴化铵,TDTMBA)为柱撑剂,在不同浓度条件下(0.2 CEC～2.5 CEC)制备了一系列柱撑蒙脱石,并通过XRD对有机蒙脱石进行表征,研究季铵盐离子在层间的排列结构.同时针对TDTMA -柱撑蒙脱石对硝基苯的吸附进行研究.实验结果表明,吸附去除率受硝基苯的初始浓度、反应时间等因素的影响,而与pH值没有太大的关系.经过柱撑改性后,粘土对硝基苯的吸附能力较原土有了明显的提高.随着层间柱撑浓度的增大,柱撑蒙脱石对硝基苯的吸附量也增大.另外钙基蒙脱石和平卧双层,倾斜单层以及倾斜双层的结构的TDTMA -柱撑蒙脱石对硝基苯的吸附等温线符Freundlich和Langmuir等温方程,假三层结构的TDTMA -柱撑蒙脱石对硝基苯的吸附等温线符合Linear等温方程,这表明前者是以表面吸附为主,后者是以分配作用为主. 相似文献
8.
以绿沸石、硅藻土、膨润土、牡蛎壳为主要原材料,包衣机制粒后马弗炉焙烧制成绿沸石-硅藻土(GZD)、绿沸石-膨润土(GZB)、绿沸石-牡蛎壳(GZO)等3款球状氨氮吸附材料。探究造孔剂-粘结剂配比、物料配比、焙烧温度、焙烧时间对污水中氨氮的吸附量和材料散失率的影响,通过吸附动力学、吸附等温线、氨氮去除率、材料散失率试验探讨其吸附机理。并设计了简易装置,用实际河道水样对比分析了3款复合材料与块状绿沸石原矿对氨氮的吸附效果和重复利用次数,对处理效果最佳的GZD中的主要材料绿沸石和硅藻土进行了SEM和XRF表征。结果表明:GZD的氨氮吸附效果最佳,制备条件为造孔剂、粘结剂、绿沸石、硅藻土的质量比为1.2﹕5﹕9﹕1;在500℃下焙烧3 h;GZD对氨氮的吸附符合准二级动力学,用Freundlich等温线比Langmuir等温线更适合描述其吸附过程;GZD对实际河道水样进行5次吸附再生后仍具有明显效果。 相似文献
9.
阴-阳离子有机膨润土制备及其吸附Cr(Ⅵ)的影响因素研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
本文采用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTMAB)和十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)对辽宁黑山膨润土进行不同工艺的阴-阳离子有机膨润土制备,探讨了阴-阳离子有机膨润土对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附机理,并利用正交实验分析了各实验因子对Cr(Ⅵ)吸附效果的影响,为污染地下水修复技术PRB提供一种新的反应介质和技术参数。研究结果表明:阴-阳离子有机膨润土(Na-R-ACOMMT)吸附Cr(Ⅵ)是物理吸附和化学吸附联合作用的结果;pH值和投加量是影响Na-R-ACOMMT对Cr(Ⅵ)吸附效果的2个最主要的因素,尤其是pH值;Na-R-ACOMMT吸附Cr(Ⅵ)的最佳条件是投加10g/l 60~80目的样品,在40℃、pH值等于2、150r/min的环境下振荡60min,Cr(Ⅵ)去除率高达93.55%,且吸附等温线符合Langmuir和Freundlich方程。 相似文献
10.
土壤对重金属离子的吸附容量明显受阴离子配位体的影响。本文通过试验探讨了Cl~(-),SOi_4~(2-)HCO_3~(-)阴离子在不同的pH值条件下,分别对土壤吸附铜的干扰规律。运用反求吸附参数法评价了不同阴离子对铜吸附量的干扰程度,论证了土壤与地下水之间元素迁移的规律。 相似文献
11.
Adsorption of dimethoate and 2,4-D on Jordan Valley soils and their environmental impacts 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
M. Al Kuisi 《Environmental Geology》2002,42(6):666-671
The adsorption process of dimethoate and 2,4-dichloro-phenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) on Jordan Valley soils from aqueous solution at 25 °C has been studied. The adsorption isotherms may be classified as L-type of the Giles classification. The Kads values (Freundlich equation) vary between 1.01 (JV5) and 10.36 (JV7) for dimethoate insecticide and between 4.41 (JV5) and 14.87 (JV7) for 2,4-D herbicide, depending on the soil type. The adsorption of 2,4-D herbicide on soils in the study area is about threefold higher than that of dimethoate insecticide. The adsorption process of dimethoate and 2,4-D pesticides seem to be primarily controlled by the organic matter content of the soils and the clay content (most especially montmorillonite). 相似文献
12.
The adsorption and desorption behavior of selenite by processed Green River Formation oil shales were examined. The selenite adsorption data could be quantitatively described by both the Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms. However, greaterR
2 values were obtained for the Freundlich isotherms. Furthermore, selenite adsorption was not a function of the extraction process. The adsorption of selenite by the processed oil shales was irreversible. Upon dilution of the equilibrium systems, additional selenite removal from solution occurred. A thermochemical analysis of the adsorption and desorption equilibrium solutions indicated that the solutions were undersaturated with respect to a number of metal selenite solids. This indicates that precipitation processes are not influencing selenite behavior. However, not all selenite minerals were examined in the evaluation because of the lack of thermochemical data. An insufficient equilibration period for the adsorption study or the alteration of processed oil shale solids as a result of hydration reactions may also have hastened the additional removal of selenite during the desorption studies. 相似文献
13.
水稻土中重金属元素Cd、Pb的竞争吸附
——以长株潭地区水稻土为例 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
对中国南方的3个水稻土样品进行了Cd、Pb单一离子和混合离子吸附特点的研究。结果表明,3个水稻土样品中Cd、Pb的吸附特点都相似,Langmuir等温方程可很好地描述Cd、Pb的吸附等温线。3个土壤样品中,有较高pH值和较低有机物、CEC浓度、粘土含量、高岭石含量的2个土壤样品对Cd、Pb有较大的吸附量,且其等温吸附拟合的最大吸附量(B)也较大。在两组分混合溶液中,尽管共存离子的存在影响了土壤对单一离子的吸附,同时土壤对Cd的吸附在一定程度上受影响的程度大,但3个土壤样品都表现出对Pb有强的吸附能力。在3个土壤样品中,Langmuir等温方程中Pb的健合能常数(K)都大于Cd的健合能常数(K),混合溶液中的K值高于单一溶液的K值,表明2种金属离子对吸附位点的竞争提高了特定吸附位点的保持力,使金属离子在土壤中特定位点的吸附更加坚固。 相似文献
14.
影响向海湿地草根层土壤吸附铅、镉能力的因素 总被引：9，自引：7，他引：2
利用向海湿地采集的草根层土壤进行吸附铅、镉的热力学实验,结果表明草根层土壤吸附铅、镉的过程符合Langmuir和Freundlich等温吸附曲线(n=8,p=0.01).吸附铅、镉存在干扰吸附现象,吸附铅的能力约是吸附镉的能力的3倍.而且草根层土壤吸附铅、镉的最大吸附量与土壤中的有机质和铁、锰氧化物含量存在着正相关性.土壤的理化性质是影响土壤吸附铅、镉能力的内在主要因素;pH等是影响草根层土壤吸附铅、镉能力的外部主要因素. 相似文献
15.
M. E. Essington 《Environmental Geology》1992,19(2):83-89
Large volumes of solid waste material will be produced during the commercial production of shale oil. An alternative to the disposal of the solid waste product is utilization. One potential use of spent oil shale is for the stabilization of hazardous organic compounds. The objective of this study was to examine the adsorption of pyridine, commonly found in oil shale process water, by spent oil shale. The adsorption of pyridine by fresh and weathered samples of combusted New Albany Shale and Green River Formation oil shale was examined. In general, pyridine adsorption can be classified as L-type and the isotherms modeled with the Langmuir and Freundlich equations. For the combusted New Albany Shale, weathering reduced the predicted pyridine adsorption maximum and increased the amount of pyridine adsorbed at low solution concentrations. For the combusted Green River Formation oil shales, weathering increased the predicted pyridine adsorption maximum. The pyridine adsorption isotherms were similar to those produced for a combusted Australian oil shale. Although adsorption can be mathematically described by empirical models, the reduction in solution concentrations of pyridine was generally less than 10 mg/l at an initial concentration of 100 mg/l. Clearly, the observed reduction in solution pyridine concentrations does not sufficiently justify using spent oil shale as a stabilizing medium. However, data in the literature suggest that other organic compounds can be effectively removed from solution by spent oil shale and that adsorption is dependent on process conditions and organic compound type. 相似文献
16.
对中国南方的3个水稻土样品进行了Cd、Pb单一离子和混合离子吸附特点的研究。结果表明,3个水稻土样品中Cd、Pb的吸附特点都相似,Langmuir等温方程可很好地描述Cd、Pb的吸附等温线。3个土壤样品中,有较高pH值和较低有机物、CEC浓度、粘土含量、高岭石含量的2个土壤样品对Cd、Pb有较大的吸附量,且其等温吸附拟合的最大吸附量（B）也较大。在两组分混合溶液中,尽管共存离子的存在影响了土壤对单一离子的吸附,同时土壤对Cd的吸附在一定程度上受影响的程度大,但3个土壤样品都表现出对Pb有强的吸附能力。在3个土壤样品中,Langmuir等温方程中Pb的健合能常数（K）都大于Cd的健合能常数（K）,混合溶液中的K值高于单一溶液的K值,表明2种金属离子对吸附位点的竞争提高了特定吸附位点的保持力,使金属离子在土壤中特定位点的吸附更加坚固。 相似文献
17.
1,2-二氯乙烷和1,2-二氯丙烷在某污染场地包气带的吸附-解吸特性 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
1,2-二氯乙烷(1,2-DCA)和1,2-二氯丙烷(1,2-DCP)是某污染场地地下水中检出最高的挥发性有机污染物。文中采用批试验方法,研究污染场地包气带中三种不同深度土壤样品对1,2-DCA和1,2-DCP的吸附-解吸特性。结果表明:土壤中有机质决定其吸附行为,三种土壤对1,2-DCA和1,2-DCP的吸附符合Henry线性等温方程,分配系数在20.49～22.43L.kg-1,1,2-DCA和1,2-DCP在三种土壤中分别具有相似的吸附能力;同一土壤中两种目标污染物的吸附能力为Kd(1,2-DCA)>Kd(1,2-DCP),但差别不大。1,2-DCA和1,2-DCP在三种土壤中的解吸可用Freundlich等温方程拟合,解吸的难易程度与土壤中黏粒含量相关,黏粒含量越高,目标污染物的解吸越困难,第三层(地下4.9～5.1m)土壤的防污能力较强;两种污染物在三种土壤中的解吸都存在明显的滞后效应,1,2-DCP的滞后指数比1,2-DCA的大。 相似文献
18.
The partitioning of arsenate between Paraho indirectly retorted and directly retorted oil shales and a combusted oil shale was examined with batch equilibrium adsorption isotherms. Arsenate adsorption was found to conform to the Freundlich adsorption model, and the combusted oil shale was found to have the greatest affinity for arsenate. The indirectly and directly retorted oil shale samples did not have statistically different affinities for arsenate. The greater adsorption capacity of combusted oil shale for arsenate was attributed to greater surface area and free iron oxide. Arsenate adsorption by combusted oil shale was not reversible. Upon dilution of the solution phase, arsenate did not desorb. Upon dilution of the retorted oil shale solutions, arsenate continued to be removed from solution. An evaluation of metal arsenate stability in the spent oil shale systems indicated that the retorted oil shale solutions were highly supersaturated with respect to magnesium and barium arsenates, whereas the combusted oil shale solutions were not supersaturated. The data were interpreted to indicate that adsorption reactions control arsenate solubility at short reaction times. As reaction times increase, precipitation reactions control soluble arsenate concentrations. 相似文献
19.
Adsorption of 2,4-dinitrophenol and 2,4-dichlorophenol on Cationic Surfactant modified red soil 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
廖敏 《中国地球化学学报》2004,23(4):301-308
Adsorption isotherms of 2,4-dinitrophenol and 2,4-diehlorophenol on hexadeeyhrimethylammonium (HDTMA) bromide modified red soil under different ionic strength, divalent cation Cu2 or different pH conditions were studied. All the adsorption isotherms were well fitted to the Freundlich equation. The adsorption capacities of 2,4-dinitrophenol or 2,4-dichlorophenol were dramatically enhanced by HDTMA treatment of red soil. The increase of ionic strength and the addition of divalent heavy metal cation Cu^2 significantly enhanced the adsorption of 2,4-dinitrophenol or 2,4-dichlorophenol on the HDTMA-modified red soil. Adsorption capacities of HDTMA-modified red soil for 2,4-dinitrophenol and 2,4-dichlorophenol gradually increased with decreasing pH in the aqueous phase. 相似文献
20.
廖敏 《中国地球化学学报》2004,23(4)
Adsorption isotherms of 2,4-dinitrophenol and 2,4-dichlorophenol on hexadecyltrimethylammonium (HDTMA) bromide modified red soil under different ionic strength, divalent cation Cu 2 or different pH conditions were studied. All the adsorption isotherms were well fitted to the Freundlich equation. The adsorption capacities of 2,4-dinitrophenol or 2,4-dichlorophenol were dramatically enhanced by HDTMA treatment of red soil. The increase of ionic strength and the addition of divalent heavy metal cation Cu 2 significantly enhanced the adsorption of 2,4-dinitrophenol or 2,4-dichlorophenol on the HDTMA-modified red soil. Adsorption capacities of HDTMA-modified red soil for 2,4-dinitrophenol and 2,4-dichlorophenol gradually increased with decreasing pH in the aqueous phase. 相似文献