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1.
于1963年在内蒙古自治区包头市南,黄河堤坝北岸盐碱地积水洼中采得两号标本,经光镜观察表明,该新植物为鞘毛藻科一新属——辐枝藻属。辐枝藻为分枝丝状体,由匍匐部分和直立部分组成;匍匐枝彼此贴靠形成单层细胞厚的假薄壁组织;直立枝具粗壮的主轴和细的小枝;部分小枝末端细胞具一条长的鞘毛;每个细胞具一个周生、片状的色素体,蛋白核一至多个,具一个细胞核。该藻以动孢子营无性生殖,动孢子囊位于枝或小枝顶端。此新属仅一新种,为嗜盐辐枝藻。模式标本保存于中国科学院水生生物研究所。 相似文献
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江蓠(Gracilaria verrucosa)生活史中有三个世代,即孢子体、配子体和果孢子体(囊果)。其中:孢子体和配子体均为单生、同形的多分枝藻体,果孢子体则附生在雌配子体上。在生殖期间,江蓠的孢子体,除基部老枝和初生的新枝不形成四分孢子囊外,藻体的各部分分枝,均可形成四分孢子囊,放散出四分孢子。雌配子体也是除基部老枝和初生新枝外,藻体的各部分分枝均可附生果孢子体(囊果)。果孢子体成熟放散出果孢子。关于江蓠四分孢子和果孢子放散方式和放散过程的研究,国内外只有零星记载。曾呈奎等1959年,在进行与江蓠幼苗培育试验时,仅记载着:“经过干燥刺激15分钟的藻体放回海水中,发现20～30分钟后,孢子就大量放出,但四分孢子囊是孢子成团冲破表皮脱离母体, 相似文献
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通过形态结构观察结合rbcL和COI基因序列分析的方法,发现分布于海南省博鳌的台湾蜈蚣藻(Grateloupia taiwanensis S.M.Lin et H.Y.Liang)为海南新纪录种。结果表明:藻体直立,红色或紫红色,质地柔软黏滑,高6—18cm,宽2—3cm,叶片呈披针形,边缘长出的小育枝亦呈披针形,长5—25mm,宽1—5mm,固着器呈圆盘状;皮层由8—11层细胞构成,髓部非中空,髓丝纵走或相互交错;雌雄异体,精子囊由外皮层细胞形成,球形。果胞枝生殖枝丛主枝由6个细胞构成,辅助细胞生殖枝丛主枝由5个细胞构成(6cpb-5auxb型),均为典型的Grateloupia型。囊果散布于除固着器外的整个雌配子体的表面;四分孢子囊由四分孢子体的内皮层细胞产生,呈十字形分裂。rbcL基因序列分析结果显示4个采自海南的样本与产自台湾南部的台湾蜈蚣藻之间无碱基序列差异;COI基因序列分析结果显示4个样本间无碱基差异,在蜈蚣藻属这一大的进化支中聚集成独立的小分支,区别于其他种。 相似文献
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2008 年6 月至2009 年6 月, 在山东青岛实验室和海南陵水试验平台, 以光学显微镜及电子扫描显微镜等技术, 对12 种原产印度尼西亚和菲律宾热带产胶红藻外观形态, 表皮细胞特征进行了比较。结果表明:1)不同株系藻体呈现褐色、绿色、黄绿色、翡翠绿色、橄榄绿色和咖啡色等多样性; 2)在表皮细胞特性方面, 5 号株系细胞最小、排列最致密、分布最均匀, 8 号株系细胞最大、胞间距最宽; 3)在亚显微结构方面, 1 号藻呈均一球状突起, 2 和4 号藻为不规则突起, 3、6 和9 号藻表面布满酒窝样凹陷, 5和8 号藻表面比较平整, 7 和11 号藻呈脑纹状褶皱, 12 号藻在凹凸结构外覆盖鳞片状白色胶质; 4)在实验株中, 1、2 和4 号藻未发现四分孢子, 3、5、6、11 和12 号藻表皮细胞上具有结构对称的四分孢子, 且主要分布于较老的主干上; 5)在四分孢子排列上, 3、5、11 和12 号四分孢子间排列紧密, 6 号藻四分孢子间距离较远; 6)不同藻的四分孢子囊大小形态存在明显差异, 6 号藻株四分孢子囊最长, 约110 μm, 5号藻四分孢子囊最短, 约40 μm, 3、11、12 号藻四分孢子囊长约60 μm, 四分孢子囊宽度相对恒定, 除5 号藻较窄约为10 μm 外, 其他株系均约为15 μm。 相似文献
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在实验室条件下,以细弱蜈蚣藻(Grateloupia tenuis Wang et Luan)为材料,进行了不同温度和光照强度等主要环境因子对其发育影响的研究,同时对其生活史进行了详细观察。结果表明:(1)在4—30°C范围内,盘状体形成与直立枝生长的最适温度为24°C;(2)在光照强度10—200μmol范围内,盘状体形成和直立枝生长的最适光照强度为120μmol/(m2s);(3)孢子(果孢子和四分孢子)发育类型为间接盘状体类型;(4)生活史由单倍体的雌、雄配子体,双倍体的果孢子体(囊果)及四分孢子体构成,四分孢子体和配子体在形态上完全相同,属于典型的同型世代交替;与属模蜈蚣藻(G.filicina)一致。 相似文献
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石花菜(Gelidium amansii Lamx.)的孢子分为四分孢子及果孢子二种:四分孢子为无性的孢子体所形成,果孢子为雌配子体的生殖细胞受精后所形成。四分孢子及果孢子多形成于藻体的中部以上的小枝上,这种小枝称为孢囊枝。石花菜的孢子即从孢囊枝上放散出来。石花菜的四分孢子及果孢子每天放散的时间与数量之间的规律,日本的须藤(1950), 相似文献
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本文继续报告了我国西沙群岛产的十种红藻，其中的光辉软毛藻[Wrangelia argus(Mont.) Mont.]，粗枝软毛藻[W. tagoi (Okam.) Okam. et Segawa]和猩红斜网藻(Vanvoorstia coccinea J. Ag.)等三种为我国新记录；多孢毡藻(Haloplegma polyspora sp. nov.)为一新种；粗枝软毛藻和球枝藻[Tolypiocladia glomerulata (Ag.) Schmitz]的四分孢子囊以及猩红斜网藻的精子囊均为首次记述。此外，通过对国内外产的一些软毛藻属种类的研究对分类依据的皮层概念进行了讨论，并在此基础上根据皮层的特征建议把软毛藻属分作三个组。 相似文献
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《热带海洋学报》2016,(2)
2014年3—4月间,在西沙群岛鸭公岛海藻资源调查中采集到一种石花菜类海藻,经鉴定为匍匐石花菜扁平变种Gelidium pusillum var.pacificum Taylor。其主要特征为:1.藻体紫红色,丛生;2.藻体高约1~2cm,由匍匐茎和直立枝构成,直立枝基部圆柱形或扁压,上部扁平,具有不规则或羽状分枝,匍匐茎近圆柱形,其下生有不规则或尖锥状固着器;3.皮层细胞2~3层,根丝细胞数量较多,集中分布在髓层;4.四分孢子囊生于小枝顶端,形成囊群,四分孢子囊横切面观长卵圆形,埋于皮层细胞中,十字形分裂;5.枝顶端轴细胞形态为穹形,突出于皮层外。上述特征1~3可将匍匐石花菜扁平变种区别于我国产的匍匐石花菜其他变种,特征5可将该变种区别于个体较小的蓝色拟鸡毛菜,特征4不能有效地区分近缘种。综合如上特征,利用营养生长特征鉴定我国分布的个体较小的石花菜和拟鸡毛菜类群是一种可行的方法。该变种为我国三沙市西沙群岛首次记录,丰富了南海诸岛海藻区系的植物地理成分,也为进一步分析该区系的植物地理全貌提供了技术资料。 相似文献
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对分布在黄、渤海沿岸的单条胶黏藻Dumontia simplex Cotton的形态结构、生物量、成熟个体比例与成熟个体生物量/总生物量(R/T指数)的变化、温度性质以及rbcL、COI基因序列进行了详细研究。结果表明:(1)10个采集地点的单条胶黏藻藻体直立、扁平或螺旋状,质地胶质黏滑,颜色为红色或紫红色。在大连黑石礁与付家庄采集到的藻体长度和宽度明显高于其他采集地点;(2)藻体由皮层与髓部组成,皮层由4—8层细胞组成,髓部有疏松的根丝细胞。囊果散生,包埋于皮层内,刚发育的囊果较小,色淡,随着藻体生长囊果变大,颜色加深。四分孢子囊侧生在内皮层上,成熟的四分孢子囊呈十字形分裂;(3)4月生物量最大,平均生物量为4.384g/m2。12月至次年6月成熟个体比例逐渐增大,6月达到100%,且均为四分孢子体;(4)单条胶黏藻生长周期为12月至次年6月,属于一年生海藻,温度性质属于亚寒带性;(5)rbcL与COI基因序列分析表明,十个采集地点的样本间无碱基差异,与产自美国单条胶黏藻聚在一起,形成一个独立的分支,均确定为单条胶黏藻。 相似文献
10.
在实验室条件下,对大连蜈蚣藻(Grateloupia dalianensis H.W.Wang et D.Zhao)的孢子早期发育、盘状体的形成和直立枝生长进行了详细研究,对其生活史进行了详细观察,并进行了温度和光照强度对孢子发育影响的研究。结果表明:(1)孢子发育类型为间接盘状体型;(2)生活史由雌、雄配子体、四分孢子体和果孢子体三相世代组成,配子体与孢子体形态相同,属于同型世代交替,与属模蜈蚣藻(G.filicina)一致;(3)温度对盘状体和直立枝生长均有影响,最适温度均为16℃;(4)光照强度对盘状体和直立枝生长均有影响,最适光照强度分别为7 500 lx和10 000 lx。 相似文献
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Soil-sized particulates have been collected on board ship by a mesh technique from the lower troposphere of the North, Equatorial and South Atlantic Ocean, northern and southern Indian Ocean, South and East China Sea and various coastal localities.Spectrographic analysis reveals that, on average, the particulates have concentrations of Mn, Ni, Co, Ga, Cr, V, Ba, and Sr which are of the same order of magnitude as those in average crustal material. In contrast, the average concentrations of Pb, Sn, and Zn are one order of magnitude higher than those in average crustal material.Within this “world-wide” average there are significant geographical variations in the distributions of Pb, Sn, and Zn which may be related to anthropogenic sources.On the basis of trace-element distributions lower tropospheric soil-sized marine particulates have been divided into four genetic components; local, zonal, inter-zonal, and global. The proportions of these components vary geographically, and each component may have both a natural and an anthropogenic fraction. 相似文献
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Tautog, Tautoga onitis, is an abundant species of fish in estuaries of the northeastern United States. Planktonic tautog larvae are abundant in summer in these estuaries, but there is little information on rates of growth of tautog larvae feeding on natural assemblages of food in the plankton. We examined abundance and growth of larval tautog and environmental factors during weekly sampling at three sites along a nearshore‐to‐offshore transect in Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts, USA during summer 1994. This is the first study of a robust sample size (336 larvae) to estimate growth rates of field‐caught planktonic tautog larvae feeding on natural diets, using the otolith daily‐growth‐increment method. The study was over the entire summer period when tautog larvae were in the plankton. The sampling sites contrasted in several environmental variables including temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), and chlorophyll a concentration. There was a temporal progression in the abundance of tautog larvae over the summer, in relation to location and temperature. Tautog larvae were first present nearshore, with a pronounced peak in abundance occurring at the nearshore sites during the last 2 weeks in June. Larvae were absent at this time further offshore. From late June through August, larval abundance progressively decreased nearshore, but increased offshore although never approaching the abundance levels observed at the nearshore sites. The distribution and abundance of tautog larvae appeared to be related to a nearshore‐to‐offshore seasonal warming trend and a nearshore decrease in DO. Otoliths from 336 larvae ranging from 2.3 to 7.7 mm standard length had otolith increment counts ranging from 0 to 19 increments. Growth of larval tautog was estimated at 0.23 mm·day?1, and length of larvae prior to first increment formation was estimated at 2.8 mm indicating that first increment formation occurs 3–4 days after hatching at 2.2 mm. Despite spatial and temporal differences in environmental factors, there were no significant differences in growth rates at any of three given sites over time, or between sites. Because larval presence only occurred at a narrow range of temperature (17–23.5 °C) and DO (6.5–9.3 mg·l?1), in situ differences in growth did not appear to be because of differences in larval distribution and abundance patterns relative to these parameters. 相似文献
17.
Klaus Kremling 《Marine Chemistry》1983,13(2):87-108
In June 1981, dissolved Zn, Cd, Cu, Ni, Co, Fe, and Mn were determined from two detailed profiles in anoxic Baltic waters (with extra data for Fe and Mn from August 1979). Dramatic changes across the O2H2S interface occur in the abundances of Cu, Co, Fe, and Mn (by factors of ?100). The concentrations of Zn, Cd, and Ni at the redox front decrease by factors between 3 to 5.Equilibrium calculations are presented for varying concentrations of hydrogen sulfide and compared with the field data. The study strongly supports the assumption that the solubility of Zn, Cd, Cu, and Ni is greatly enhanced and controlled by the formation of bisulfide and(or) polysulfide complexes. Differences between predicted and measured concentrations of these elements are mainly evident at lower ΣH2S concentrations.Cobalt proved to be very mobile in anoxic regions, and the results indicate that the concentrations are limited by CoS precipitation. The iron (Fe2+) and manganese (Mn2+) distribution in sulfide-containing waters is controlled by total flux from sediment-water interfaces rather than by equilibrium concentrations of their solid phases (FeS and MnCO3). The concentrations of these metals are therefore expected to increase with prolonged stagnation periods in the basin. 相似文献
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P.N. Froelich L.W. Kaul J.T. Byrd M.O. Andreae K.K. Roe 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1985,20(3):239-264
Concentrations of dissolved nutrients (NO3, PO4, Si), germanium species, arsenic species, tin, barium, dimethylsulfide and related parameters were measured along the salinity gradient in Charlotte Harbor. Phosphate enrichment from the phosphate industry on the Peace River promotes a productive diatom bloom near the river mouth where NO3 and Si are completely consumed. Inorganic germanium is completely depleted in this bloom by uptake into biogenic opal. The ratio taken up by diatoms is about 0·7 × 10?6, the same as that provided by the river flux, confirming that siliceous organisms incorporate germanium as an accidental trace replacement for silica. Monomethylgermanium and dimethylgermanium concentrations are undetectable in the Peace River, and increase linearly with increasing salinity to the seawater end of the bay, suggesting that these organogermanium species behave conservatively in estuaries, and are neither produced nor consumed during estuarine biogenic opal formation or dissolution. Inorganic arsenic displays slight removal in the bloom. Monomethylarsenic is produced both in the bloom and in mid-estuary, while dimethylarsenic is conservative in the bloom but produced in mid-estuary. The total production of methylarsenicals within the bay approximately balances the removal of inorganic arsenic, suggesting that most biological arsenic uptake in the estuary is biomethylated and released to the water column. Dimethylsulfide increases with increasing salinity in the estuary and shows evidence of removal, probably both by degassing and by microbial consumption. An input of DMS is observed in the central estuary. The behavior of total dissolvable tin shows no biological activity in the bloom or in mid-estuary, but does display a low-salinity input signal that parallels dissolved organic material, perhaps suggesting an association between tin and DOM. Barium displays dramatic input behavior at mid-salinities, probably due to slow release from clays deposited in the harbor after catastrophic phosphate slime spills into the Peace River. 相似文献
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Lars-Göran Danielsson 《Marine Chemistry》1980,8(3):199-215
Results of trace-metal analyses of water samples obtained during a cruise with the Soviet R.V. “Akademik Kurchatov” in the Indian Ocean are presented. The determinations were performed on board with atomic absorption spectrophotometry after a two-stage dithiocarbamate—Freon extraction procedure. Trace-metal concentrations found are in the same range as those found recently for similar open-ocean areas by other workers. The values for lead and zinc are probably high due to contamination. Vertical profiles indicate biogenic processes as controlling factors for the increase of cadmium, copper and nickel concentrations with depth. Iron shows an irregular depth distribution as a result of large random variations in concentration. 相似文献
20.
Jerry Siok 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2013,31(2-3)
Exploration for oil at Northstar has been long and costly. Northstar leases were first acquired in 1979 at a joint state and federal sale by Shell Oil, Amerada Hess, and Texas Eastern. The Northstar Unit is 6 mi offshore and about 4 mi northeast of the Point McIntyre Field. Oil was first discovered in Shell's Seal Island 1 in 1983. Five additional appraisal wells were drilled (1983-1986) from two man-made gravel islands in 40 ft of water. Early engineering estimates put the cost of development at $ 1.6 billion. In February 1995, BP Exploration (Alaska) acquired a 98 % interest in the Northstar Unit from Amerada Hess and Shell Oil. When developed by BP, Northstar will be the first oil produced from federal leases in Alaska. To date, the oil industry has invested in excess of $ 140 million in exploration and appraisal operations. An additional $ 90 million was spent on lease bonus bids. The giant Prudhoe Bay and Kuparuk Fields lie along the Barrow Arch. This arch is bounded to the north by a rift margin that deepens into the present-day offshore region. Northstar is located among a series of down-stepping faults off this northern rift margin of the Prudhoe Kuparuk high. The structure is a gently south-dipping northwest-trending faulted anticline. The crest of the structure is located near 10,850 ft subsea. The primary reservoir is the Ivishak Formation (325 ft thick) of the Sadlerochit Group. This is the same primary reservoir at Prudhoe Bay, approximately 12 mi to the south. At Northstar the Ivishak is a high-energy, coarse-grained conglomeratic facies of the Ivishak Formation. The primary lithology is a pebbly chert to quartz conglomerate with occasional sandstone. This very high net to gross reservoir appears to contain no regionally continuous permeability barriers. Cementation has reduced primary porosity to less than 15 %. Accurate porosity estimates are difficult to make due to the coarse-grained nature of the lithology and the presence of kaolinite and microporous chert. Permeability is highly variable, but averages 10 to 100 mDarcies. Oil is a very light and volatile 42 API crude with approximately 2,100 ft3 of gas per stock tank barrel of oil. This oil is very different from the heavier oils (26) found to the south in Prudhoe Bay. Estimated recoverable oil reserves range from 100 to 160 million barrels. A free-standing drilling rig is required at Northstar because the reserves are beyond extended-reach drilling techniques from shore-based facilities. The current development plan is to expand the existing Seal Island to about 5 acres. This is significantly less than Endicott's 40-acre island. The proposed drilling and produc tion island will be accessed by summer barges and winter ice roads. Oil, gas, and water will be processed at a stand-alone facility and then sent to shore via a subsurface pipeline. Northstar will have the first Arctic subsea pipeline in Alaska to transport oil to shore facilities (TAPS). Preliminary tests in Spring 1996 were very successful in demonstrating the technology to successfully bury a subsea pipeline safely in the Arctic. 相似文献