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《现代地质》2016,(3)
为准确评价湖相烃源岩的排油量及致密油资源潜力,结合湖相I型有机质的黄金管热模拟实验和青山口组烃源岩的有机地球化学分析,对松辽盆地湖相烃源岩生烃特征、动力学参数和排油效率进行了研究。热模拟实验的产物定量结果表明,松辽盆地青山口组湖相烃源岩具有可观的生油潜力,最大生油量约为600 mg/g·TOC,主要的生油阶段在Easy Ro=0.5%~1.2%。动力学计算结果表明,该烃源岩生油的平均活化能为218.5 k J/mol,重质组分生成活化能要低于轻质组分。结合青山口组烃源岩的生油动力学参数和英X58井热史的地质推演,证实该井湖相烃源岩的当前生油转化率为40%~60%,生油量为240~360 mg/g·TOC;通过残留烃的定量,计算得到该烃源岩的排油量为150~200mg/g·TOC,相对排油效率约为60%。生油量及排油效率结果表明,松辽盆地致密油资源潜力大。 相似文献
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烃源岩的排烃是准确预测含油气盆地油气资源必须涉及的一个非常重要的环节,为了得到不同有机质类型烃源岩的排烃效率、排烃机理,选取不同有机质类型烃源岩进行了黄金管模拟实验,总结了不同类型烃源岩在各演化阶段产物的变化特征与排烃效率。结果表明,烃源岩类型对总生成油与残留油中轻重烃的比例影响较大,但是对排出油中轻重烃的比例影响较低,排出油中均表现为在未熟—成熟阶段以重烃为主,在高熟—过熟阶段以轻烃为主。烃源岩的类型对生排油量的影响明显,烃源岩的类型越好,生排油量越高。Ⅰ型烃源岩的生排油量最高,Ⅲ型烃源岩最低。烃源岩类型越好,排油效率越高。Ⅲ型烃源岩排油效率低,与其生成气态烃较多、显微组分中镜质组含量较高有关。 相似文献
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通化盆地下白垩统烃源岩石油地质特征及生烃潜力研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通化盆地是松辽盆地东部外围的油气远景区之一,烃源岩发育特征和生烃潜力等问题未知,制约着盆地基础油气资源研究和后续油气资源勘探部署工作。为揭示通化盆地下白垩统烃源岩生烃潜力和页岩油气的赋存状态,在盆地内部署通地1井,对岩芯样品进行系统取样,完成了暗色泥岩有机质丰度、类型和成熟度的测试工作。实验结果表明,通化盆地下白垩统亨通山组暗色泥岩有机质丰度较高,有机质类型以Ⅰ-Ⅱ1型为主,局部含有Ⅲ型,镜质组反射率分布范围为0.972%~1.127%,已进入大量生烃的成熟阶段;下桦皮甸子组暗色泥岩有机质丰度较高,有机质类型以Ⅰ型为主,局部含有Ⅱ和Ⅲ型,镜质组反射率在0.986%~1.399%之间,已进入大量生烃的成熟阶段。其地球化学特征和世界上许多页岩油气田的烃源岩有相似之处,综合研究表明通化盆地下白垩统具有较好的常规油气和页岩气生成潜力。 相似文献
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重点对伊利盆地伊宁凹陷二叠系与三叠系主要烃源岩的有机质丰度、有机质类型、有机质成熟度特征进行分析与对比。盆地二叠系主力烃源岩为铁木里克组,三叠系主力烃源岩为小泉沟群。该盆地二叠系铁木里克组烃源岩机质丰度较好,已处于成熟—高熟阶段,有利于油气的形成,是好的生油岩;盆地三叠系小泉沟群烃源岩表现为有机质丰度高,成熟度较低,生油能力较二叠系差,属于中等生油岩。二叠系铁木里克组烃源岩干酪根碳同位素δ13C介于-23.55‰~20.85‰,指示有机质母质类型为Ⅱ—Ⅲ型有机质。三叠系小泉沟群烃源岩δ13C介于-26.51‰~-20.45‰范围内,代表Ⅱ型有机质。通过镜质体反射率Ro、最高热解峰温、饱和烃轻重比、OEP值研究表明伊宁凹陷二叠系铁木里克组烃源岩有机质成熟度高,三叠系小泉沟群烃源岩成熟度相对低。总体评价认为二叠系铁木里克组烃源岩是伊犁盆地伊宁凹陷的主力烃源岩,生烃能力强,是盆地油气勘探的重点层位。 相似文献
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孔店组是渤海湾盆地济阳坳陷东营凹陷油气勘探向深层转移的重要层系,受演化程度较高的制约,东营凹陷南坡东段孔二段烃源岩生排烃潜能存在争议,为探讨东营凹陷深层含油气系统,明确孔二段烃源岩生排烃潜能,笔者等从含油气检测结合烃源岩分析的角度进行讨论。通过孔二段沉积时期古地貌恢复,结合地震剖面,明确了孔二段沉积时期的古地貌,探讨了孔二段烃源岩发育的平面分布特征;通过地化及薄片观察,对孔二段烃源岩有机质丰度、类型和成熟度进行研究,且对高成熟孔二段烃源岩进行原始有机碳含量恢复,结合流体包裹体测试、冷阴极发光、荧光观察等系统分析,判识孔二段烃源岩生排烃潜能。研究认为,孔二段烃源岩展布范围较大,且在沉降中心发育较厚的孔二段烃源岩层;孔二段烃源岩原始有机碳含量较高,有机质来源以高等植物为主,属于Ⅱ1-Ⅲ型有机质,成熟度较高,烃源岩已进入生气阶段,综合评定为中等—较好烃源岩。孔店组主要发生两期油充注和一期天然气充注：第一期油充注发生在沙三段沉积时期;第二期油充注发生在东营组沉积时期;第三期天然气充注发生在平原组沉积时期,结合东营凹陷古近系烃源岩生排烃模拟结果,认为孔店组原油具有孔二段烃源岩的生排烃贡献。通过分析孔二段烃源岩发育特征结合生排烃研究,判识孔二段烃源岩生排烃潜能,为东营凹陷深部含油气系统研究鉴定基础。 相似文献
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在烃源岩沉积有机相精细划分的基础上,优选东营凹陷古近系沙河街组四段的优质烃源岩样品,建立了完整的自然演化地球化学剖面,并应用物质平衡法,开展了原始有机质恢复和生排烃效率定量计算。计算结果表明,沙河街组四段主力供烃区间内的优质烃源岩具有高生排烃效率和原始有机质丰度恢复系数,其中深层高过成熟阶段排烃效率可达70%~80%,原始有机质丰度恢复系数可达1.5~2.0,较以往资源评价中采用的数值有较明显提高。据该结果推算,东营凹陷沙河街组四段的总排烃量总体上将有一定程度的提高,其中中浅层烃源岩的资源贡献有所降低,而深层烃源岩的资源贡献有较大幅度升高,主力烃源岩埋藏深度有下沉的趋势,这预示着深层具有丰富的资源基础和勘探前景。研究成果对于济阳坳陷乃至整个渤海湾盆地的油气资源潜力再认识和深层油气藏勘探具有重要的指导意义。 相似文献
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Pr/Ph比值一直作为重要的生物标志物参数,其不仅与生源、沉积环境条件有关,而且在一定程度上还受成熟度影响。本论文对取自南海珠江口盆地西部不同有机相的陆相烃源岩样品进行了生排烃热模拟实验,获取了不同温度点的可溶有机质(油),结合对不同成熟度地质烃源岩样品抽提物的分析,较系统的研究了油/抽提物的Pr/Ph比值随着成熟度的变化规律。研究结果表明,在Ro为0.6%~1.8%阶段,中深湖相Ⅱ型和浅湖相—河沼相Ⅲ型烃源岩生成油的Pr/Ph比值随着成熟度的增高而降低,并且Ⅲ型烃源岩降低的幅度明显大于II型烃源岩,而到高成熟度阶段,两类烃源岩的Pr/Ph比值相近。应用Pr/Ph比值进行油—油对比、油—源对比、判识古沉积环境等,需要充分考虑成熟度对该比值的影响,尤其是对于含有陆相Ⅲ型烃源岩的沉积盆地,应结合其它地球化学参数综合对比分析。 相似文献
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基于最新油气勘探成果及烃源岩有机地化分析数据和热模拟实验结果,评价了准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷下二叠统风城组烃源岩的生烃能力,并进一步建立其生烃模式。研究区风城组发育一套沉积环境、岩性复杂多变的碱性湖泊相烃源岩,沉积水体盐度、碱度及成岩环境等变化快,致使源岩岩性复杂多变。其残余有机质丰度不高,类型为Ⅰ—Ⅱ型,大部分处于成熟阶段,热演化进程较慢。该组三个地层段均发育中—好烃源岩,少部分为很好烃源岩。风城组碱性湖泊相源岩生烃能力、模式与正常湖相源岩基本一致,为单峰式生油高峰,但其特点为生油持续时间长、总产油率远高于产气率、转化率高,主体处于生油阶段。油气勘探实践也证实玛湖凹陷是以含油为主的油气系统,在浅层或深层均以形成油藏为主。 相似文献
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内蒙古银额盆地查干凹陷烃源岩生烃和排烃史研究 总被引：6，自引：3，他引：6
为深入研究银额盆地查干凹陷油气的成藏过程 ,优化勘探目标的选择 ,在分析烃源岩特征的基础上 ,应用动态数值模拟技术 ,定量恢复了研究区主要烃源岩层系的生烃、排烃历史。研究表明 ,查干凹陷主要发育 3套烃源岩系 ,其中下白垩统巴音戈壁组二段泥岩为主力烃源岩 ,具较高的有机质丰度、生烃强度与排烃效率 ;烃类排出具阶段性、多期次幕式排烃的特点。以巴音戈壁组二段为源岩的油气系统应是本区油气勘探的主要目标 相似文献
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Quantitative Assessment of Hydrocarbon Expulsion of Petroleum Systems in the Niuzhuang Sag, Bohai Bay Basin, East China 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
PANG Xiongqi LI Sumei JIN Zhijun BAI Guoping Key Laboratory of Hydrocarbon Accumulation Ministry of Education Beijing E-mail: pangxq@bjpeu.edu.cnBasin & Reservoir Research Center University of Petroleum Beijing Sinopec Petroleum Exploration Exploitation Institute Beijing 《《地质学报》英文版》2004,78(3):615-625
Based on a detailed survey of the distribution and organic geochemical characteristics of potential source rocks in the South Slope of the Niuzhuang Sag, Bohai Bay Basin, eastern China, a new approach to assess the amount of hydrocarbons generated and expelled has been developed. The approach is applicable to evaluate hydrocarbons with different genetic mechanisms. The results show that the models for hydrocarbon generation and expulsion vary with potential source rocks, depending on thermal maturity, types of organic matter and paleoenvironment. Hydrocarbons are mostly generated and expelled from source rocks within the normal oil window. It was calculated that the special interval (algal-rich shales of the ES4 member formed in brackish environments) in 相似文献
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西非塞内加尔盆地深水区油气地球化学特征与油气成藏 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
塞内加尔盆地是西非面积最大、勘探程度最低的含盐被动大陆边缘型盆地。2010年之前仅有少量非商业性的油气和重质油发现,近几年在深水区获得油气勘探的重大突破。对深水区油气进行详细地球化学分析及油源对比,结果表明:深水区发育下白垩统阿普特-阿尔布阶和上白垩统赛诺曼-土伦阶两套烃源岩,下白垩统阿普特-阿尔布阶烃源岩的碳同位素组成偏轻,含硫量低,处于成熟-高成熟演化阶段,局部达到过成熟演化阶段;上白垩统赛诺曼-土伦阶烃源岩碳同位素组成偏重,含硫量中等,处于低成熟度-成熟演化阶段。油源对比的结果显示深水区F-1井阿尔布阶储层原油来自阿普特-阿尔布阶烃源岩,F-1土伦阶储层原油来自赛诺曼-土伦阶烃源岩,而S-1井阿尔布阶储层油样性质介于二者之间,为混源的原油。 相似文献
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Hydrous pyrolysis (HP) experiments were used to investigate the petroleum composition and quality of petroleum generated from a Brazilian lacustrine source rock containing Type I kerogen with increasing thermal maturity. The tested sample was of Aptian age from the Araripe Basin (NE-Brazil). The temperatures (280–360 °C) and times (12–132 h) employed in the experiments simulated petroleum generation and expulsion (i.e., oil window) prior to secondary gas generation from the cracking of oil. Results show that similar to other oil prone source rocks, kerogen initially decomposes in part to a polar rich bitumen, which decomposes in part to hydrocarbon rich oil. These two overall reactions overlap with one another and have been recognized in oil shale retorting and natural petroleum generation. During bitumen decomposition to oil, some of the bitumen is converted to pyrobitumen, which results in an increase in the apparent kerogen (i.e., insoluble carbon) content with increasing maturation.The petroleum composition and its quality (i.e., API gravity, gas/oil ratio, C15+ fractions, alkane distribution, and sulfur content) are affected by thermal maturation within the oil window. API gravity, C15+ fractions and gas/oil ratios generated by HP are similar to those of natural petroleum considered to be sourced from similar Brazilian lacustrine source rocks with Type I kerogen of Lower Cretaceous age. API gravity of the HP expelled oils shows a complex relationship with increasing thermal maturation that is most influenced by the expulsion of asphaltenes. C15+ fractions (i.e., saturates, aromatics, resins and asphaltenes) show that expelled oils and bitumen are compositionally separate organic phases with no overlap in composition. Gas/oil ratios (GOR) initially decrease from 508–131 m3/m3 during bitumen generation and remain essentially constant (81–84 m3/m3) to the end of oil generation. This constancy in GOR is different from the continuous increase through the oil window observed in anhydrous pyrolysis experiments. Alkane distributions of the HP expelled oils are similar to those of natural crude oils considered to be sourced from similar Brazilian lacustrine source rocks with Type I kerogen of Lower Cretaceous age. Isoprenoid and n-alkane ratios (i.e., pristane/n-C17 and phytane/n-C18) decrease with increasing thermal maturity as observed in natural crude oils. Pristane/phytane ratios remain constant with increasing thermal maturity through the oil window, with ratios being slightly higher in the expelled oils relative to those in the bitumen. Generated hydrocarbon gases are similar to natural gases associated with crude oils considered to be sourced from similar Brazilian lacustrine source rocks with Type I kerogen of Lower Cretaceous, with the exception of elevated ethane contents. The general overall agreement in composition of natural and hydrous pyrolysis petroleum of lacustrine source rocks observed in this study supports the utility of HP to better characterize petroleum systems and the effects of maturation and expulsion on petroleum composition and quality. 相似文献
14.
HAO Fang DONG Weiliang ZOU Huayao JIANG JianqunKey Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for the Mechanism of Petroleum Accumulation University of Petroleum Changping Beijing Department of Petroleum Geology China University of Geosciences Wuhan Hubei China National Offshore Oil Corporation Research Center Beijing 《《地质学报》英文版》2004,78(4):1011-1018
The Yinggehai Basin is a strongly overpressured Cenozoic basin developed in the northern continental shelf of the South China Sea. The flow of overpressured fluids in this basin has given rise to strong effects on petroleum accumulation. (1) The overpressured fluid flow has enhanced the maturation of shallow-buried source rocks, which has caused the source rocks that would have remained immature under the conduction background to be mature for hydrocarbon generation. As a result, the overpressured fluid flow has increased the volume and interval of mature source rocks. (2) The overpressured fluid flow has strong extraction effects on the immature or low-mature source rocks in the shallow parts. This has increased, to some extent, the expulsion efficiency of the source rocks. More importantly, the extraction effects have strongly limited the effectiveness of biomarker parameters from oil and condensate in reflecting the source and maturity of the oil and gas. (3) The flow has caused the sandstones in the 相似文献
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富有机质的黑色页岩和油页岩的有机岩石学特征与生、排烃意义 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
用近代有机岩石学与有机地球化学分析相结合的方法，对比研究了我国四川盆地等下古生界富有机质沉积的海相黑色页岩,和渤海湾盆地下第三系湖相油页岩的显微有机组成特征与热演化生烃、排烃作用的关系。观测分析结果表明:黑色页岩热演化程度很高，目前热解烃含量很低，但残余有机碳含量达1％～3％，黑色页岩中保存了早期生油阶段由无定型有机质生油作用转化而形成的微粒体有机质，和未排出的石油演变而来的残余沥青，表明其为原始生烃性能很好的烃源岩。根据黑色页岩中微粒体和残余沥青的含量，可用来了解已生—排烃量和再沉降埋深过程中古油藏储层沥青、微粒体和残余沥青再生气对古生界碳酸盐气藏的贡献。富有机质沉积的下第三系湖相油页岩热演化程度不高，游离烃（S1为0.2～1.4 mg/g）和热解烃（S2为8～44 mg/g），有机碳含量达2.4％～8％，是生油性能很好的烃源岩，油页岩中不仅存在强荧光的藻和无定型有机质，而且油页岩的纹层中广泛存在富有机质的荧光沥青，反映了有利于排烃运移的信息，表明是本区生油贡献最大的烃源岩。富有机质黑色页岩和油页岩的沉积结构构造特征、有机质的赋存形式、热演化中变化过程的对比观察结果表明:其生烃、排烃作用既有很多相似性，又有一定差别。 相似文献
16.
Tao Hu Xiongqi Pang Sa Yu Xulong Wang Hong Pang Jigang Guo Fujie Jiang Weibing Shen Qifeng Wang Jing Xu 《Geological Journal》2016,51(6):880-900
Combined with the actual geological settings, tight oil is the oil that occurs in shale or tight reservoirs, which has permeability less than 1 mD and is interbedded with or close to shale, including tight dolomitic oil and shale oil. The Fengcheng area (FA), at the northwest margin of the Junggar Basin, northwest China, has made significant progress in the tight oil exploration of the Fengcheng (P1f) Formation recently, which indicates that the tight oil resources have good exploration prospects. Whereas the lack of recognition of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion characteristics of Permian P1f source rocks results in the misunderstanding of tight oil resource potential. Based on the comprehensive analysis of geological and geochemical characteristics of wells, seismic inversion, sedimentary facies, tectonic burial depth, etc., the characteristics of P1f source rocks were investigated, and the horizontal distributions of the following aspects were predicted: the thickness of source rocks, abundance and type of organic matter. And on this basis, an improved hydrocarbon generation potential methodology together with basin simulation techniques was applied to unravel the petroleum generation and expulsion characteristics of P1f source rocks in FA. Results show that the P1f source rocks distribute widely (up to 2039 km2), are thick (up to 260 m), have high total organic content (TOC, ranging from 0.15 to 4 wt%), are dominated by type II kerogen and have entered into low mature–mature stage. The modeling results indicate that the source rocks reached hydrocarbon generation threshold and hydrocarbon expulsion threshold at 0.5% Ro and 0.85% Ro and the comprehensive hydrocarbon expulsion efficiency was about 46%. The amount of generation and expulsion from the P1f source rocks was 31.85 × 108 and 15.31 × 108 t, respectively, with a residual amount of 16.54 × 108 t within the source rocks. Volumetrically, the geological resource of shale oil is up to 15.65 × 108 t. Small differences between the amounts calculated by the volumetric method compared with that by hydrocarbon generation potential methodology may be due to other oil accumulations present within interbedded sands associated with the oil shales. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
17.
中国中新生代咸化湖盆烃源岩沉积的问题及相关进展 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
我国东部断陷湖盆和西部坳陷湖盆第三系均有蒸发岩与烃源岩共生现象。前者水体深、咸化范围小，在氯化盐和碳酸盐沉积环境中形成了优质烃源岩，后者水体浅、咸化范围大，在氯化盐和硫酸盐沉积环境中发育了优质烃源岩，作者认为两种湖盆出现的水体分层是有机质堆积和保存的重要条件。济阳坳陷和柴达木盆地为两类咸化湖盆的典型代表，对它们的研究可以深化蒸发岩-烃源岩共生区油气地质的认识、促进勘探发展。 相似文献