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1.
风沙地貌形态动力学研究进展 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
风沙地貌是广泛分布于干旱、半干旱,甚至部分湿润地区,由风力作用形成的一种地貌类型。风沙地貌学是研究在风力作用下物质运动形成的地表形态特征、空间组合规律及其形成演变的科学,是地貌学中以风为外营力形成的地貌为对象的分支学科。风是风沙地貌学研究的基础,其贯穿整个风沙地貌学研究。风况决定了风沙地貌的形态特征、空间组合特征和演化过程,同时,沙丘表面气流和风沙流控制沙丘的形态演化过程和移动过程。风沙地貌经过100多年的发展,在沙丘形态特征、动力学过程等方面取得了长足发展。从风沙地貌观测方法、分析方法和形态动力学角度出发,总结了近年来风沙地貌形态、形成风况以及动力学方面的研究进展。随着新技术的发展,全站仪、三维地形扫描仪等新的形态观测设备开始应用于风沙地貌形态测量,使得大范围风沙地貌形态精准测量成为可能,为风沙地貌形态动力学研究提供精确的地形特征资料。同时,三维超声风速仪等高频风速观测仪器也广泛应用于风沙地貌动力学观测,从而探讨风沙地貌形态—近地层气流的互馈机制。但是,针对具体的分析方法,如风况与沙丘形态的对应关系,近地层气流的分析方法以及形态—气流互馈关系等方面,目前还没有好的解决办法。 相似文献
2.
深空探测时代的风沙地貌学 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《地球科学进展》2019,(10)
"深海、深地、深空"探测为地球科学发展提供了机遇与挑战,地球科学开始迎接以火星探测为代表的深空探测高潮。中国将于2020年实施火星探测计划,对火星开展全球性、综合性的环绕探测,并对局部地区开展巡视探测。行星地学研究,包括风沙地貌学,需要未雨绸缪,做好准备。基于风沙地貌学的发展历史与趋势,将发展历史划分为只关注风沙地貌本身的经典研究、关注地球系统的现代研究和关注地外星球的未来研究3个阶段,总结了各阶段的特点,认为深空探测时代的行星风沙地貌学研究已水到渠成。随之重点总结了行星风沙地貌学的发展与成就,指出亟待解决的问题,展望未来发展方向。现已探明在火星、金星和土卫六上有多种类型风沙地貌发育,风成过程甚至是这些星球最活跃的现代表面过程。不同星球风沙地貌具有较好的相似性,但差异也很明显,意味着风沙地貌发育机理的统一性和形成条件的多样性,风沙地貌学理论需要通过不同星球风沙地貌的对比研究逐步完善和拓展。地外行星上较为简单的形成条件在展示风沙地貌形成规律和机理方面具有明显优势,深空探测时代的风沙地貌学方兴未艾。 相似文献
3.
《地球科学进展》2020,(6)
构造地貌学是地貌学的重要分支学科,其研究内容已涵盖构造—气候—地表过程之间的相互作用及对地貌演化的影响。我国的构造地貌学研究肇始于20世纪初,在20世纪50年代得以逐渐发展,21世纪以来进入快速发展阶段。经过长期积累和多年的发展,我国的构造地貌学研究已形成了相对完备的理论和方法体系,并呈现出不断与其他邻近学科交叉、融合的趋势。通过梳理近20年天山构造地貌研究在新生代山体隆升扩展与剥露历史、山麓晚新生代砾岩相沉积的年代与成因、山麓与山间盆地晚第四纪活动构造变形、山麓晚第四纪河流地貌(结构、年代与成因)、山地流域侵蚀等方面取得的主要成果,探究学科交叉、新方法的引入对我国构造地貌学研究的促进作用。最后指出构造地貌研究未来可能仍需要关注的一些基本内容和问题,如不同时间尺度的对比研究和河流阶地年龄等。 相似文献
4.
地文旅游资源本质上是一种地学类旅游资源，它在自然旅游资源中占有重要位置，地文旅游资源的认定对区域旅游开发意义重大。地文旅游资源类型的划分，资源调查程序和方法的建立，均与地貌学、地质学、自然地理学有着密切的关系。本文从地貌学的角度对这一关联展开的一些讨论，有益于更好地理解地文旅游资源存在的学科基础。主要内容涉及地文的性质及其与地貌学的关系、地文旅游资源类型划分的地貌学基础、地文旅游资源认定的地貌学方法。 相似文献
5.
正在崛起的边缘科学——灾害地貌学 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
灾害地貌是指对人类的生活及生存环境造成直接和间接灾害性影响的地貌现象的总称。根据造成灾害的地貌类型的不同,大体上可以划分出山地灾害地貌、平原灾害地貌、喀斯特灾害地貌、风沙及黄土灾害地貌、海岸灾害地貌等基本的类型。我国在近几十年对一些灾害地貌进行深入研究的基础上,随着“国际减灾十年(IDNDR)”活动的开展和国际间关于灾害地貌研究网络的逐渐形成,我国的灾害地貌学也随之产生,它是一门崭新的,正在开拓之中的地貌学分支学科,同时它又是一门介于地理学、地质学、生物学、水工学以及社会经 相似文献
6.
人地协同论——兼论人地系统的若干非线性动力学问题 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：9
提出了人地协同论的新概念，指出了人地协同论的意义、研究对象、研究方法、基本原理，报导了分形地貌学及地貌演化的非线性模型，人口系统及城市演化的混沌与自组织特征，人类活动对水土流失影响的多分形模型，风沙地貌的Kdv-Burgers方程研究。 相似文献
7.
论灾害地貌学的性质及研究内容 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
灾害地貌学是一门崭新的、正在开拓之中的边缘科学。在前人大量研究的基础上,对灾害地貌的分类和灾害地貌的学科性质及其研究的主要内容进行了探讨。 相似文献
8.
风沙动力与风沙工程学当前研究的热点─—主要反映在加深对风沙现象的理解、风沙灾害防治与资源开发三个方面出发，提出了我国在风沙运动力学、土壤风蚀、土地沙漠化的动力机制与过程、风沙地貌形成发育规律、风沙沉积学特征及其形成机制、沙尘暴形成机制以及风沙灾害防护工程技术原理等六个方面的研究建议。 相似文献
9.
风沙电研究的现状及展望 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6
扼要回顾了风沙电研究现状，主要内容包括研究动态：主要是从风沙电的野外实地观测和室内实验模拟测试，来揭示风沙电这一自然现象的规律；风沙电对电波传播影响研究：主要从折射效应、吸收、散射和带电沙粒的散射影响进行探讨。并提出了研究中存在的问题和发展趋势。 相似文献
10.
风沙动力与风沙工程学当前研究的热点－主要反映在加深对风沙现象的理解、风沙灾害防治与资源开发三个方面出发，提出了我国在风沙运动力学、土壤风蚀、土地沙漠化的动力机制与过程、风沙地形成发育规律、风沙沉积学特征及其形成机制、沙尘暴形成机制以及风沙灾害防护工程技术原理等六个方面的研究建议。 相似文献
11.
The exploration of "Deep Sea, Deep Earth and Deep Space" provides opportunities and challenges for the development of geoscience, and geographical science begins to meet the climax of deep space exploration represented by Mars. In China, Martian exploration will be launched in 2020, which will carry out global and comprehensive surrounding exploration of Mars, patrol detection in some local areas, researchers need to be well prepared for the study of planetary geosciences including aeolian geomorphology based on these coming data. Aeolian geomorphology is divided into three stages based on the development history and trend: classical research focusing on single dune observation, modern research with earth system ideology and future research mainly on extra-terrestrial planets. The characteristics of each developing stage were summarized, and we believe that the planetary aeolian research will come naturally. Then, the development and achievement of planetary aeolian research are summarized, the existing problems and future developing trend were also discussed here. Study shows that there are many types of aeolian landforms on Mars, Venus and Titan, and the aeolian process is the most active modern surface process. Aeolian geomorphology in different planets has good similarity, but the difference is also obvious, which means that they have similar formation mechanism, but different formation and evolution conditions, therefore, the theory of aeolian geomorphology will be improved and enriched gradually through the comparative study on different planets. There are obvious advantages in revealing the formation laws and mechanism of aeolian geomorphology in extraterrestrial planets because of the simple formation conditions, and the research of aeolian geomorphology in the era of deep space exploration is in the ascendant. 相似文献
12.
Martian exploration is the focus and hot topic of deep space exploration, and China implemented the first Martian exploration Program in 2020. Aeolian process is the most extensive and active landform process on the surface of Mars, and has been an important part of Martian research. Sustainable development of Martian aeolian geomorphology research requires the support of theoretical system and research methodology, and research methodology is a key issue when field observations are impossible. We analyzed the research methods of Martian aeolian geomorphology from three aspects: methodology, approach, and application of modern technology. Methodology must focus on the dialectical unity of induction and deduction, reductionism and holism. Research approach includes exploration and numerical simulation, and Mars-like aeolian geomorphology study on Earth is also a common approach. Taking full advantage of remote sensing observations and detection technologies is an important basis for the development of Martian aeolian research. Simulation experiments have been an important part of aeolian geomorphology research. Since the 1980s, the United States, Europe, and Japan have successively built Martian wind tunnels to study various aircrafts in Martian atmosphere. In the absence of field observation, wind tunnel experiment and numerical simulation play an important role in studying the evolution and formation process of aeolian landform and the Martian environment. 相似文献
13.
盐沼潮滩作为滨海湿地的一个重要类型,为河口海岸地区提供了多种关键的生态服务功能,具有重要的社会、经济与生态价值,其地貌演变规律的认知是海岸带保护修复和科学管理的基础。回顾国内外近一个世纪以来针对潮滩动力地貌过程的研究工作,发现研究热点已逐渐从传统的研究潮滩水-沙-地貌相互作用过渡到探索植物、动物、微生物等生物作用与动力、地貌之间的互馈机制,涉及海岸动力学、地貌学、沉积学、环境生态学等多个学科,是典型的交叉学科前沿研究领域。归纳了盐沼植被与潮滩多种因子的相互作用,总结了常用的盐沼潮滩地貌演变模拟手段及取得的机理认知,并提出今后在生物作用、陆海耦合动力地貌模型研发等方面的科学问题和发展方向。 相似文献
14.
Takashi Oguchi 《GeoJournal》2000,52(3):195-202
Japanese geomorphology has historically adopted methods and concepts from research in western countries and applied them to
landforms in Japan and the flow of information has, in the past, been very much unidirectional. This situation is becoming
more balanced, with increasing activity of Japanese geomorphologists within the international research arena. Accordingly,
many sub-fields of geomorphology in Japan are now making important contributions at the international scale. However, GIS
applications in Japanese geomorphology have been more limited, at a time of rapid expansion of GIS in geomorphology within
western countries. Although in some countries, technical and financial limitations might inhibit GIS popularisation; this
explanation cannot be applied to Japan, given the high level of technological resources within the country. It is suggested
here that there are certain historical and cultural aspects of Japanese society, which may have contributed to delayed GIS
propagation within Japan.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
15.
普若岗日冰原毗邻地区风沙地貌及其环境演变 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
冰川作用形成的大面积的冰碛物沉积及寒冻风化是高寒区风沙沉积的主要物质来源.风沙地貌的发育与高寒区环境密切相关,冻结作用使沙丘发育以加积作用为主,形成了高大的新月形沙丘.沙丘的侵蚀与移动主要发生在暖季,新月形沙丘运动速度相当缓慢,年平均水平移动量约1.8～0.5cm·a-1,加积速率约0.3～0.08cm·a-1.普若岗日冰原毗邻地区的环境变化主要受温度条件制约,沙丘腐殖质层沉积年代与我国东部沙区古沙丘、敦德冰芯具有一定的相关性,可以认为西南季风的强度对本区具有重要的作用.高原下垫面的变化造成太阳辐射差异,是引起西南季风强弱,造成高原腹地温度与降水随之变化的重要原因. 相似文献
16.
风沙活动对陆地生态系统影响研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
风沙活动及其物质输移运动是关键的陆地地表过程,对全球生态环境有显著的影响。归纳了风沙运动中养分的释放、搬运和沉降机制;总结了目前风沙运动中的物质及养分组成,养分流失与沉降对植物生长的影响、养分在植被群落中的分配和利用机理等方面的研究进展;揭示了大区域尺度上风沙运动与地表养分的释放和输移的关系及植被群落对风沙活动的响应;指出了风沙活动在陆地生态系统演化中扮演的角色。在已有研究的基础上,提出揭示风尘物质在远源陆地区域的沉降机制、风尘物质中有效养分的组成和含量、风尘物质养分的主要传输路径,建立风尘物质养分的源—汇模式,构建植被对风沙活动的响应过程,综合集成风沙活动与植被演化之间的动态关系等是未来主要研究方向的建议。 相似文献
17.
Tectonic Geomorphology is an important branch of Geomorphology. Now the scope of tectonic geomorphology study has covered the interactions between tectonics, climate, surface processes and the influence on geomorphic evolution. The study of tectonic geomorphology in China started at the beginning of the 20th century, developed gradually in the 1950s, and entered a rapid development stage in the new century. Based on the long-term development, the study of tectonic geomorphology in China has formed a relatively complete theoretical and methodological system, and now presents a trend of the continuous intersection and integration with other adjacent disciplines. Now, several books on tectonic geomorphology have been published. The representative book abroad is Tectonic Geomorphology which was edited by Burbank D. W. and Anderson R. S., and was first published in 2001 and reprinted in 2012. In China, the first book on tectonic geomorphology is Active Tectonic Geomorphology which was edited by Yang Jingchun and Li Youli and was first published in 2011.In recent years, the tectonic geomorphology study has been absorbing and integrating the new ideas and new methods of other disciplines, significantly promoting the development of tectonic geomorphology. At the 2019 China Geographic Congress & the 110th anniversary of the establishment of the Chinese Geographical Society, the authors organized the session "Theory, Method and Application of Tectonic Geomorphology", aiming to present the recent progresses of tectonic geomorphology study in China. Later, invited by the editorial office, the authors organized the special column with the same name in the journal Advances in Earth Science. The contents of this column mainly dealt with the classical theoretical problems of geomorphology (the evolution and the controlling mechanism of river terrace, planation surface, and alluvial fan), new methods (such as K-feldspar thermoluminescence thermochronology, detrital zircon U-Pb chronology), and models and numerical simulation of tectonic geomorphology evolution. Because of the limited number of the articles, it was impossible for this column to comprehensively present the recent progresses in the study of tectonic geomorphology in China. Therefore, this paper first briefly reviewed the history of the development of tectonic geomorphology in China and the basic trend of tectonic geomorphology. The authors started the study of neotectonics and tectonic geomorphology in the Tian Shan range and its foreland basins about 15 years ago (exactly in 2002). The main aim of this paper was to explore the contributions of the interdisciplinary and new methods to the development of tectonic geomorphology study, by reviewing the main achievements in the tectonic geomorphology study conducted in the Tian Shan and its foreland basins during the past 20 years. These achievements include the history of uplift and exhumation during the Cenozoic times, the chronology and genesis of the late Cenozoic terrigenous sedimentary sequences in the foreland basins, the characteristics of the late Quaternary active tectonic deformation in the foreland and intermontane basins, the late Quaternary river geomorphology (geomorphic framework, chronology, and cause of formation), and erosion rates of the catchment basins. At the end of this paper, it was pointed out that, two aspects may need more attention in the future tectonic geomorphology study, i.e. the comparative study at different time scales and the better constraint of the formation age of river terrace. 相似文献
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地质遗迹是自然资源的重要组成部分,妥善处理好高城镇化水平区域的地质遗迹保护与利用的关系,是推动地质文化村建设和新型城镇化高质量发展的生态措施之一。天津市的地质遗迹保护与利用工作因存在调查程度低、家底不尽清晰、分类方案不够规范、缺乏整体评价等问题,未能有效开展。基于对天津市全域地质遗迹调查的最新数据和对以往调查成果的整合... 相似文献