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1.
Detailed studies indicate that the main rock type of the Neogene high-potassium calc-alkaline volcanic rock association from north Qiangtang is andesite, dacite and rhyolite. They belong to typical crust-generation magmatic system and originate from the special thickened crust of the Tibetan Plateau by dehydration melting. This group of rocks exhibits LREE enrichment but no remarkable Eu anomaly that shows their source region should be a thickened deep crust consisting of eclogitic mass group, implying that the crust had been thickened and an eclogitic deep crust had been formed during the Neogene period in Qiangtang area. This understanding is important and significant to making further discussion on the uplift mechanism and continental dynamics of the Tibetan Plateau.
相似文献2.
本研究使用中国数字地震台网（CDSN）（2009—2016）走时数据开展青藏高原地壳地震波速度三维层析成像研究,获得分辨率达到1°×1°×20 km的青藏高原地壳S波三维速度结构和泊松比分布.结果表明,分布在可可西里和羌塘北部的高钾质和钾质火山岩带,其上地壳到下地壳都存在S波波速扰动负异常和高泊松比.说明第三纪青藏高原隆升过程中,由于大陆碰撞使三叠纪的东昆仑缝合带重新破裂,造成大量壳幔混合熔融物质上涌和火山喷发,进而揭示了青藏高原北部新生代火山岩的存在与青藏高原的形成和隆升密切相关;青藏高原新生代裂谷位于中下地壳S波速度扰动负异常带的两侧,裂谷带之下的中下地壳泊松比减小到0.22以下.裂谷带之下中下地壳的S波速异常分布和泊松比值可以推断青藏高原新生代裂谷深达中地壳底部,这个推论与密度扰动三维成像的相关结论一致.青藏高原S波速度和泊松比在下地壳至壳幔边界随深度产生急剧变化,说明地壳内部发生了大规模的层间拆离和水平剪切;青藏高原东构造结之下泊松比高达0.29~0.33,S波速度扰动为负异常,推断东构造结下方地壳主要由坚硬的蛇纹石化橄榄岩组成;青藏高原中下地壳S波速负异常区范围大面积扩大,地壳底部几乎被S波速低值区全部覆盖.下地壳S波异常分布特点可能反映下地壳管道流的影响. 相似文献
3.
S-wave crustal and upper mantle’s velocity structure in the eastern Tibetan Plateau — Deep environment of lower crustal flow 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
Wang ChunYong Lou Hai Lü ZhiYong Wu JianPing Chang LiJun Dai ShiGui You HuiChuan Tang FangTou Zhu LuPei Paul Silver 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2008,51(2):263-274
A teleseismic profile consisting of 26 stations was deployed along 30°N latitude in the eastern Tibetan Plateau. By use of
the inversion of P-wave receiver function, the S-wave velocity structures at depth from surface to 80 km beneath the profile
have been determined. The inversion results reveal that there is significant lateral variation of the crustal structure between
the tectonic blocks on the profile. From Linzhi north of the eastern Himalayan Syntaxis, the crust is gradually thickened
in NE direction; the crustal thickness reaches to the maximum value (∼72 km) at the Bangong-Nujiang suture, and then decreased
to 65 km in the Qiangtang block, to 57–64 km in the Bayan Har block, and to 40–45 km in the Sichuan Basin. The eastern segment
of the teleseismic profile (to the east of Batang) coincides geographically with the Zhubalong-Zizhong deep seismic sounding
profile carried out in 2000, and the S-wave velocity structure determined from receiver functions is consistent with the P-wave
velocity structure obtained by deep seismic sounding in respect of the depths of Moho and major crustal interfaces. In the
Qiangtang and the Bayan Har blocks, the lower velocity layer is widespread in the lower crust (at depth of 30–60 km) along
the profile, while there is a normal velocity distribution in lower crust in the Sichuan Basin. On an average, the crustal
velocity ratio (Poisson ratio) in tectonic blocks on the profile is 1.73 (σ = 0.247) in the Lhasa block, 1.78 (σ = 0.269) in the Banggong-Nujiang suture, 1.80 (σ = 0.275) in the Qiangtang block, 1.86 (σ = 0.294) in the Bayan Har blocks, and 1.77 (σ = 0.265) in the Yangtze block, respectively. The Qiangtang and the Bayan Har blocks are characterized by lower S-wave velocity
anomaly in lower crust, complicated Moho transition, and higher crustal Poisson ratio, indicating that there is a hot and
weak medium in lower crust. These are considered as the deep environment of lower crustal flow in the eastern Tibetan Plateau.
Flowage of the ductile material in lower crust may be attributable to the variation of the gravitational potential energy
in upper crust from higher on the plateau to lower off plateau.
Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants No. 40334041 and 40774037) and the International Cooperation
Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (Grant No. 2003DF000011) 相似文献
4.
本文使用位于青藏高原东南缘的25个地震台站的远震数据,采用P波和S波接收函数的方法研究了台站下方的Moho深度、泊松比以及地幔过渡带的厚度.计算结果表明：① 青藏高原东南缘的地壳厚度由松潘—甘孜地体和羌塘地体的约60 km,向邻区的印支地体以及扬子板块分别减薄为约38 km和约42 km; ② 羌塘地体的泊松比主要集中范围为0.25～0.28,地壳物质组分主要为中基性岩石,推测与下地壳镁铁质成分的增加有关.松潘—甘孜块体、印支块体和扬子板块的泊松比为0.25～0.26,主要为中酸性岩石组分.缺乏高的泊松比(≥0.30)分布表明青藏高原东南缘的地壳不存在广泛的部分熔融,但是不排除局部部分熔融的存在;③ 青藏高原东南缘的羌塘地体内存在一个比较明显的、异常变化范围为10～26 km的地幔过渡带增厚区域,其对应着地幔过渡带内100℃～260℃的温度降低,可以推断与此异常区域的地幔过渡带内存在俯冲的板块有关. 相似文献
5.
黏滞性地壳流对地壳及上地幔变形作用及动力机制,是大陆新生代造山带的一个重要研究内容.青藏高原中下地壳存在部分熔融或含水物质的黏滞性流体,已为一系列地球物理及岩石学研究所证实.为研究青藏高原东缘地壳流的动力作用,本文用密集的被动源宽频带地震台的观测数据,反演了地壳上地幔精细速度结构和泊松比.研究表明,川西及滇西北高原的中地壳内普遍存在低速层,而高泊松比的地壳只分布在川西北地区.位于中地壳的黏滞性地壳流从青藏高原腹地羌塘高原流出,自北西向南东流入青藏高原东缘.这些黏滞性地壳流带动了上地壳块体水平移动,当它们受到刚强的四川盆地及华南地块阻挡时将发生分层作用,地壳流将分为二或更多分支不同方向的分流,向上的一支地壳流将对上地壳产生挤压,引起地面隆升,向下的一支地壳流将使莫霍面下沉加厚下地壳·黏滞性地壳流的运动在地壳中产生应变破裂发生强烈地震活动,地震的空间分布与震源机制也受到地壳流动力作用控制. 相似文献
6.
青藏高原东北缘是青藏块体与华北块体的接触前缘部位,是研究青藏高原隆升扩张和深部动力学问题的重要区域。本文收集了青藏高原东北缘及其邻区由不同方法和不同资料获得的地壳地震各向异性结果,介绍了中上地壳和全地壳各向异性特征;结合区域地质构造、地表运动、构造应力和深部结构,分析了研究区域地壳各向异性的区域分布特征及其与地质构造的关系。结果表明,青藏高原东北缘地震各向异性存在明显的横向区域差异性,体现区域深部构造和地壳介质变形的复杂性;上地壳与全地壳的垂向差异性,反映出该区域可能存在各向异性分层现象。由于青藏高原隆升在其东北缘的伸展边界、物质运移及深部动力模式等尚处在探讨之中,结合多种数据并综合多种方法分析,有助于获得精细、准确的地震各向异性信息,为研究青藏高原隆升演化机制和深部动力模式提供有效的约束。 相似文献
7.
Audrey GalvéAlfred Hirn Jiang MeiJosep Gallart Béatrice de VoogdJean-Claude Lépine Jordi DiazWang Youxue Qian Hui 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2002,203(1):35-43
New wide-angle reflection and refraction seismic data provide constraints on the structure of the upper lithosphere, and test models of its evolution to raise the northeastern part of the Tibetan Plateau. Amplitudes observed for reflections from the crust-mantle boundary are sufficiently large to suggest that there is no significant partial melt in the deep crust. The data show an increase of the crustal thickness between terranes from north of the Kun Lun Fault into the Qang Tang of central Tibet, and a contrast among their intracrustal images and compositions. In the north, P and S velocities are consistent with a dominantly felsic composition and show that only the upper crust thickened. South of the Kun Lun Fault a thicker crust made of two layers could result from the superposition of the originally thin crust of the Bayan Har terrane on the lower part of the crust of the domain to the north, which upper crust it shoved and thickened. Different modes of crustal thickening, either by thickening of individual layers or superpositions and imbrication among them appear to work jointly to raise the topography. 相似文献
8.
吕苗苗 《CT理论与应用研究》2019,28(2):175-186
青藏高原因其复杂的结构和演化历史,一直都是研究大陆碰撞、构造运动及其动力学的热点区域。本文采用三重震相波形拟合技术,基于中国地震观测台网和大型流动台阵记录到的某地震P波垂向记录,获得了包括拉萨、南羌塘和松潘甘孜地块在内的青藏高原上地幔P波速度结构。结果表明:①拉萨和南羌塘地块下方地幔过渡带存在高速异常,推测是俯冲的印度板片滞留体,过渡带底部的板片残余温度较低,使得660-km相变滞后约3～8km。而松潘甘孜地块下方过渡带同样存在高速异常,可能是欧亚岩石圈发生拆沉进入地幔过渡带所致。这说明印度板块俯冲作用的影响已经到达地幔过渡带,其俯冲前缘位于班公怒江缝合带附近。②从拉萨、南羌塘到松潘甘孜地块,200km之上的地幔岩石圈高速盖层速度由南向北逐渐减小,松潘甘孜地块则出现盖层缺失。推测受小规模地幔对流或者热不稳定性的影响,在南羌塘和松潘甘孜地块,增厚的欧亚岩石圈发生拆沉作用,岩石圈被减薄和弱化,造成羌塘地块上地幔低速和松潘甘孜地块上地幔高速盖层缺失。拆沉的冷的欧亚岩石圈可能部分停留在410-km上方,使得410-km抬升约10km,部分沉入地幔过渡带,表现为松潘甘孜地块地幔过渡带中存在高速异常。低温造成660-km下沉约8km,导致地幔过渡带增厚。 相似文献
9.
本文采用欧拉反褶积、场源参数成像(SPI)、场源边界提取(SED)、莫霍面反演、地壳三维可视化等多源方法,对青藏高原东北缘地区的布格重力场进行反演与分析,深入研究该地区的深部结构与变形特征,探讨区域深部孕震环境及动力学机制.研究表明,青藏高原东北缘的布格重力场整体呈负异常值,具有明显的分区性,表现出鄂尔多斯盆地异常值相对偏高、阿拉善块体次之、青藏高原块体极低的特点,其中海源断裂系形成了一条宽缓的弧形重力梯度条带,梯度值达1.2 mGal·km^-1.欧拉结果显示,鄂尔多斯盆地相比于青藏高原块体而言,场源点具有较强的均一性,场源强度值高(密度值高)且深度稳定在25~32 km范围内,而高原块体的中下地壳尺度广泛分布着低密度异常体.SPI图可知,海源弧形断裂系位于“浅源异常”弧形区,反映其地壳较为活跃,易发生中强地震.SED图揭示青藏高原地壳向东北扩展,经过几大断裂系的调节后运动矢量向东或东南转化,SED与GPS、SKS运动特征大致相同,说明地表-地壳-地幔的运动特征有着较强的一致性.青藏高原东北缘地区壳幔变形是连贯的,加之莫霍面由北向南、由东向西是逐渐加深的,因此属于垂向连贯变形机制,不符合下地壳管道流动力学模式.区域形成了似三联点构造格局,其中海源弧形断裂系的深部地壳结构复杂,高低密度异常体复杂交汇,是青藏高原、阿拉善、鄂尔多斯三大块体相互作用的重要枢纽,其运动学特征总体为中段走滑尾端逆冲,而断裂系正处于大型的弧形莫霍面斜坡带之上,具备强震的深部孕震环境,因此大尺度的运动调节与深部孕震条件共同促使了该地区中强震的多发. 相似文献
10.
根据西秦岭构造带及其周边地区117个宽频带地震台站的高质量波形数据, 利用远震P波接收函数的H-k叠加方法, 求得地壳厚度和平均波速比. 通过分析地壳厚度、 波速比及其关系和接收函数CCP叠加剖面, 研究了该区域的地壳结构特征. 结果表明, 研究区域内地壳结构差异大, 呈过渡带特征. 地壳厚度总体上呈北北西向分布, 自西南向东北逐渐减小. 羌塘块体地壳厚度为72 km, 渭河盆地附近为39 km. 西秦岭构造带的地壳厚度为42—56 km, 南北向莫霍界面平坦. 研究区域P波与S波波速比平均为1.74, 其中西秦岭构造带平均为1.72. 较低的波速比主要分布在西秦岭构造带、 祁连山块体、 松潘—甘孜地块北部以及香山—天景山断裂区域, 这可能是由于含长英质酸性岩组分的上地壳叠置增厚而导致的. 该区域缺少超高波速比, 表明这一区域发生岩浆底侵或上地壳熔融的可能性很小. 综合分析表明, 西秦岭构造带及邻区的地壳结构主要是由于青藏高原隆升并在向东北向扩张中受到周边块体的阻挡而引起的地壳构造变形所致. 西秦岭构造带的莫霍界面变化和波速比分布与该构造带经历碰撞地壳增厚后的伸展走滑运动有关. 相似文献
11.
The surface uplift history of the Tibetan Plateau has provided a key boundary criterion for various geological, climatic, and environmental events since the Cenozoic. The paleoelevation history of the plateau is organically associated with interactions amongst deep geodynamics, earth surface processes, and climate change. Understanding of plateau uplift history has been advanced by the development of a number of paleoaltimetries and their application to studies of the Tibetan Plateau: the paleogeomorphic scenario for the Early Eocene Tibetan Plateau is thought to include two high mountains, the ca. 4500 m Gangdese Mountains to the south, and the ca. 5000 m Qiangtang Center Watershed Mountains to the north. Between these ranges, a low-elevation basin (ca. 2500 m) is thought to have been present. The Himalayas in the southern Tibetan Plateau was close to sea level at this time, while the Hoh Xil Basin in the north reached an elevation of no more than 1500 m. Thus, the so-called “Roof of the World” Tibetan Plateau formed subsequent to the Miocene. Nevertheless,, the uplift histories of the different terranes that comprise this plateau currently remain unclear, which constrains the uplift history reconstruction of the entire Tibetan Plateau. Additional paleoelevation data from different areas, obtained using multi-paleoaltimeters, is required to resolve the forms and processes of Tibetan Plateau uplift and extension. 相似文献
12.
羌塘盆地及周边地带地球物理场与油气深部构造背景初探 总被引：7，自引：4，他引：7
本文对已有的地球物理场资料、地壳与上地幔结构的概略展布以及青藏的高原的大地构造格局进行了综合分析。结果表明：该区沉积层巨厚，重力场表现为负异常，地壳底部与上地幔顶部相对周边造山带上隆，低速异常分布，地幔对流向生此向下聚集，这些要素提出：羌塘盆地具有构成新油气田的深部构造背景和地球物理场特征，基于这些初步认识，文中最后提出了对该盆地进行深化研究的建议。 相似文献
13.
Chun-Yong Wang Hai Lou Paul G. Silver Lupei Zhu Lijun Chang 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2010,289(3-4):367-376
We determined crustal structure along the latitude 30°N through the eastern Tibetan Plateau using a teleseismic receiver function analysis. The data came mostly from seismic stations deployed in eastern Tibet and western Sichuan region from 2004 to 2006. Crustal thickness and Vp/Vs ratio at each station were estimated by the H–k stacking method. On the profile, the mean crustal thickness and Vp/Vs ratio were found to be 62.3 km and 1.74 in the Lhasa block, 71.2 km and 1.79 near the Bangong–Nujiang suture, 66.3 km and 1.80 in the Qiangtang block, 59.8 km and 1.81 in the Songpan–Garze block, and 42.9 km and 1.76 in the Yangtze block, respectively. The estimated crustal thicknesses are consistent with predictions based on the topography and the Airy isostasy, except near the Bangong–Nujiang suture and in the Qiangtang block where the crust is 5–10 km thicker than predicted, indicating that the crust may be denser, possibly due to mafic underplating. We also inverted receiver functions for crustal velocity structure along the profile, which reveals a low S-wave velocity zone in the lower crust beneath the eastern Tibetan Plateau, although the extent of the low-velocity zone varies considerably. The low-velocity zone, together with previous results, suggests limited partial melting and localized crustal flow in the lower crust of the eastern Tibetan Plateau. 相似文献
14.
利用甘肃地震台网16个台站记录的远震资料,采用最大熵谱反褶积方法,得到了各个台站的接收函数. 采用接收函数扫描法和线性反演方法对研究区的壳幔结构进行了研究,这两种接收函数方法得出的结果具有很好的一致性. 青藏高原东北缘地壳厚度变化剧烈,祁连块体为50～55 km、柴达木块体和河西走廊为45 km左右（合作台除外）,由北向南,Moho界面呈中央下凹的准对称状. 研究区地壳VP/VS介于166～185（σ=0215～0294,均值0254）,其均值接近或略低于全球平均值;S波速度结构可见壳幔过渡带具有明显的突跳,结合其他地球物理学证据,推断该区可能不存在岩浆底侵作用和地壳部分熔融现象. 该区地壳VP/VS值与地壳厚度呈反相关关系,推断该区地壳的主要组成成分以中酸性岩石为主,其45～55 km厚的地壳可能主要是通过上地壳的叠置形成的. 相似文献
15.
200-kg large explosive detonation facing 50-km thick crust beneath west Qinling,northeastern Tibetan plateau 
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下载免费PDF全文 Qiusheng Li Rui Gao Haiyan Wang Jisheng Zhang Zhanwu Lu Pengwu Li Ye Guan Rizheng He 《地震科学（英文版）》2009,22(4):389-393
It is difficult to acquire deep seismic reflection profiles on land using the standard oil-industry acquisition parameters. This is especially true over much of Tibetan plateau not only because of severe topography and rapid variation of both velocity and thickness of near-surface layer, but also strong attenuation of seismic wave through the thickest crust of the Earth. Large explosive sources had been successfully detonated in US, but its application in Tibetan plateau rarely has an example of good quality. Presented herein is the data of a 200-kg single shot we recorded in west Qinling, northeastern Tibetan plateau. The shot gather data with phenomenal signal-to-noise ratios illustrate the energy of the PmP phase. Although the observations are only limited to the northeastern Tibetan plateau and thus cannot comprise an exhaustive study, they nevertheless suggest that large explosions may be a useful exploration tool in Tibetan Plateau where standard seismic sources and profiling methods fail to produce adequate data of low crust. 相似文献
16.
长周期大地电磁(LMT)是基于常规MT理论发展起来的电磁测深技术,青藏高原东部岩石圈较厚、视电阻率较低,应用LMT方法能够弥补常规MT仪器对低频信号响应的不足,获得有用的深部信息。文中概述了LMT的数据采集、处理及反演解释,并介绍了将LMT应用于东喜马拉雅构造结及其周围地区完成的长周期观测剖面——下察隅—玉树LMT剖面的岩石圈结构探测实例。实际观测表明,在重叠频段内LMT结果与常规MT具有良好的一致性;LMT数据处理实现的阻抗和倾子估计,在深部信息上具有更高的分辨率。LMT剖面结果揭示了青藏高原东部普遍存在地下低阻体,为局部地区部分熔融和地下流体存在的可能性提供了依据。LMT测深较好地弥补了常规MT方法在巨厚岩石圈和遇到低阻体时探测深度的局限性。 相似文献
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18.
Based on deep geophysical detections, we have reconstructed the crustal structure from the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau to the Jiangnan-Xuefeng orogenic belt. The results suggest that the Yangtze Block was overthrusted by crustal materials in its NW direction from the eastern Tibetan Plateau but in its SE direction from the Jiangnan orogen. These overthrusting effects control the crustal structure from the western Sichuan to the western area of the Jiangnan orogen-Xuefeng orogenic belt. The eastward extruded materials from the eastern Tibetan Plateau were blocked by the rigid basement in the Sichuan Basin, where upper-middle crust was overthrusted whereas the lower crust was underthrusted beneath the Sichuan Basin. The underthrusted unit was absorbed by crustal folding, shortening and thickening in the Yangtze Block, forming the Xiongpo and Longquan Mountains tectonic belts and resulting in the NW-directed thrusting of the Pujiang-Chengdu-Deyang fault, and the western hillsiden fault in the Longquan Mountain. These results provide resolution to the controversy where the eastward extrusion material from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau had gone. Overall, that Yangtze Block was subjected to thrusting of the crustal materials from the orogenic belts over its both sides. This finding has implications for the study of the intracontinental orogenic mechanism in South China, the reconstruction of tectonic evolutionary history and the kinematics processes during the lateral extrusion of the Tibet Plateau. 相似文献
19.
利用中国西部地震台网的数据,通过体波层析成像反演了青藏高原及邻域的三维P波速度结构.根据地壳和上地幔的速度变化和构造特征,重点讨论了下地壳流动、地幔上涌、岩石圈减薄以及与藏北新生代火山岩和藏南裂谷系的关系等问题.分析表明,青藏高原中、下地壳平均速度偏低,低速区主要分布在拉萨和羌塘块体内部,随着深度的增加逐渐扩大到松潘—甘孜块体.上述低速区之间多被高速带分隔,暗示地壳中、下部的韧性变形被限制在特定的区域,不太适于产生贯穿整个青藏高原的大规模横向流动.此外,地幔上涌也并非普遍发生于整个青藏高原,而是集中在羌塘、松潘—甘孜以及喜马拉雅东构造结附近,导致上述区域的岩石圈地幔较薄,并且伴生火山活动和岩浆作用.此外,由于印度大陆岩石圈在向北俯冲,板片下沉过程中引起地幔上涌,热流物质有可能上升进入地壳,这一作用对藏北新生代火山岩和藏南裂谷系的形成以及中、下地壳的韧性变形产生了明显的影响. 相似文献
20.
为获取青藏高原中东部地壳和上地幔顶部的精细结构,本文基于1万4 484条天然地震的P波（Pg和Pn）到时数据,对青藏高原中东部地壳和上地幔顶部进行P波三维速度结构层析成像,获取了该区域内地壳P波、上地幔顶部Pn波的速度结构和地壳厚度信息。层析成像结果显示,青藏高原中东部地壳P波速度范围为5.2—7.2 km/s,上地幔顶部Pn波速度范围为7.7—8.4 km/s,地壳厚度范围为48.0—68.6 km,地壳和上地幔顶部存在强烈的横向不均匀性,与地质块体分布有较好的对应关系。地壳P波速度结构显示,研究区中、下地壳分布有较大范围的低速区,上地壳与中下地壳P波分布存在明显的差异:羌塘地块和巴颜喀拉地块在上地壳主要表现为高速异常,随着深度增加逐渐表现为低速异常;而柴达木地块在上地壳主要表现为低速异常,下地壳则表现为高速异常;柴达木地块和拉萨地块在上地幔顶部表现为较高的Pn波速度,最高约为8.4 km/s,而在巴颜喀拉地块和羌塘地块东部,Pn波总体上表现为低速,最低约为7.7 km/s。研究区内地壳厚度的总体特征表现为南厚北薄,其中羌塘地块东部和拉萨地块的地壳较厚,而柴达木地块和巴颜喀拉地块东部的地壳相对较薄,羌塘地块西部存在局部的地壳变薄现象,反映了印度板块对欧亚板块北向俯冲作用下的岩石圈变形特征。 相似文献