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1.
采用单因素及静态实验方法,研究从污水厂活性污泥中富集分离的硫酸盐还原菌(sulfate-reducing bacteria,SRB)在不同初始pH值条件下对SRB脱硫率的影响。试验结果显示,该SRB菌种生长在偏弱酸-中性环境中。当pH=6~7时,最适宜SRB生长,脱硫率达到最高;当pH=3~4时SRB难以生长,脱硫率接近于零。菌液中的金属铀的存在会抑制SRB菌的生长,铀浓度越高,抑制作用越严重。  相似文献   

2.
生物技术在煤炭脱硫过程中的应用   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4       下载免费PDF全文
以沈阳红阳三矿的煤样为研究对象,用氧化亚铁硫杆菌对其进行了生物直接浸出脱硫和生物预处理浮选脱硫的实验研究。结果表明,在煤样含硫(全硫)2.30%的条件下,用细菌浸出20d,可以使煤样的含硫量下降到1.20%,脱硫率达47.83%,当对煤样进行生物预处理浮选脱硫时,氧化亚铁硫杆菌菌液可明显改善脱硫效果,在适宜的菌液用量下,经过3~10min的预处理,可以使脱硫率比不经预处理时提高10%左右。  相似文献   

3.
硫酸盐有机废水生物处理技术一直是人们关注的热点,该种废水处理的关键是如何在有效地去除COD的同时,高效地去除SO 2 4。厌氧生物处理系统中的硫酸盐还原菌(Sul fate Reducing Bacteria,SRB)在一定的条件下可以有效地将SO 2 4还原而从废水中去除。产酸脱硫反应器是一个复杂的生态学系统,在这个生态系统中,SRB起着最主要的生态学作用,要研究产酸脱硫反应器中的各种群的微生物的生理生态学,是非常复杂而且难以实现的。为了更方便地研究产酸脱硫反应器中的微生物生理生态学,比较好的做法是把在反应器中数量上占优势,并且起主要功能的种群分离出来,对它们进行单独和配合研究。本实验就是利用滚管法和改进的Hungate技术,在COD/ SO 2 4=3的稳定阶段,对产酸脱硫反应器中的SRB进行了分离,分离出在数量上占优势的SRB,命名为SRB ZH07。在厌氧试管和三角瓶中,进行了SRB ZH07生理生态学研究。pH值对SRB ZH07的生长和硫酸盐去除率的影响,pH为 7.0左右SRB ZH07的生长状况最好,在34h,菌液的OD 600nm达到 0.827,而其它pH下的OD 600nm各时刻最大只有 0.08。在34h时,SO 2 4的去除速率达到38.06 m g/h,而pH值为 3.0、4.0、5.0、8.0时各时刻SO 24的去除速率最大为 9.62 m g/h。乳酸最有利于 SO 2 4的去除,于SO 2 4去除率为94.24%,其次为丙酸,28.81%,最差的是葡萄糖,13.6%,SRB ZH07利用有机底物对硫酸盐的还原率从大到小依次为:乳酸>丙酸>丁酸>乙酸>乙醇>葡萄糖。 COD/SO 2 4大于 2.0时,SO 2 4的去除率为80%左右;COD/SO 2 4小于 2.0时,SO 2- 4去除率迅速下降,降低到50%以下。SRB ZH07在有氧和无氧条件下都能生长,但只有在无氧条件下才能有硫酸盐的去除率。在有氧条件下,SRB ZH07的生长速率要快于在无氧条件下SRB ZH07的生长速率。 SRB ZH07代谢乳酸、丙酸、丁酸、戊酸终产物主要乙酸,所以当动态实验出水乙酸含量比较高的时候硫酸盐去除率比较高。出水乙酸的含量高是硫酸盐去除率比较高的标志,而不是原因。  相似文献   

4.
钴负载凹凸棒石基复合吸附脱硫剂脱除SO2的实验研究   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2  
以甘肃产凹凸棒石(ATTP)为基体,辅以活性氧化铝、成型刺等成分,经造粒后附载过渡金属氧化物Co3O4,制得了一种新型复合吸附脱硫剂Co3O4-AlO3/ATTP.通过对该物质的动态脱硫实验,研究发现ATTP含量、焙烧温度、脱硫剂含水率及过渡金属浸渍液浓度对SO2脱除性能均有影响,当ATTP含量为60%~70%,焙烧温度为600℃,Co(N03)z浸渍液浓度为20%左右,且脱硫荆的含水率达到15%~30%时,该复合吸附脱硫剂具有较强的吸附性能和催化脱硫能力,其硫客可高达19.74%,脱硫效果优于CuO-γ-Al2O3/ATTP脱硫剂和CuO/γ-Al2O3脱硫荆.  相似文献   

5.
一株硫酸盐还原菌的分离及生理生态特性的研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
硫酸盐有机废水生物处理技术一直是人们关注的热点,该种废水处理的关键是如何在有效地去除COD的同时,高效地去除SO_4~(2-)厌氧生物处理系统中的硫酸盐还原菌(Sulfte-Reducing Bacteria,SRB)在一定的条件下可以有效地将SO_4~(2-)还原而从废水中去除。产酸脱硫反应器是一个复杂的生态学系统,在这个生态系统中,SRB起着最主要的生态学作用,要研究产酸脱硫反应器中的各种群的微生物的生理生态学,是非常复杂而且难以实现的。为了更方便地研究产酸脱硫反应器中的微生物生理生态学,比较好的做法是把在反应器中数量上占优势,并且起主要功能的种群分离出来,对它们进行单独和配合研究。本实验就是利用滚管法和改进的Hungate技术,在COD/SO_4~(2-)=3的稳定阶段,对产酸脱硫反应器中的SRB进行了分离,分离出在数量上占优势的SRB,命名为SRB-ZH07。在厌氧试管和三角瓶中,进行了SRB-ZH07生理生态学研究。pH值对SRB-ZH07的生长和硫酸盐去除率的影响,pH为7.0左右SRB-ZH07的生长状况最好,在34h,菌液的OD_(600nm)达到0.827,而其它pH下的OD_(600nm)...  相似文献   

6.
柱撑蒙脱石吸附水中硫酸根离子的实验研究   总被引:18,自引:1,他引:18  
刘桂荣  廖立兵 《矿物学报》2001,21(3):470-472
在实验条件下,制备了两种柱撑蒙脱石,用X射线衍射分析和BET N2比表面积分析对其进行了表征,并对水中的硫酸根离子进行了吸附试验,通过正交实验研究了柱撑蒙脱石对水中硫酸根离子的吸附率、吸附容量及其与硫酸根离子初始浓度、PH值、吸附时间等因素间的关系,确定了它们吸附硫酸根离子的适宜条件,并与钠蒙脱石对水中硫酸根离子的吸附情况进行了对比。在此基础上初步探讨了吸附的机理,认为A13及Al2O3柱撑蒙脱石具有很强的吸附硫酸根离子的能力,在pH分别为4和5时硫酸根离子去除效果最好。  相似文献   

7.
本文通过大比例尺野外测量及镜下观察,对鲁西寒武系第三统张夏组的附枝菌与附枝菌微生物灰岩特征进行了详细研究。附枝菌是一种树枝状蓝细菌,一般向上生长扩展,形成灌木状附枝菌群落,生长于附枝菌微生物丘内部。而在微生物丘的外部边缘,附枝菌群落呈半闭合的房室状,与肾状菌十分相似。房室状附枝菌群落可能是在微生物丘外部边缘受局部高能微环境(如水流、波浪等)的影响形成的。在其形成后,其保存状态则是由附枝菌的钙化作用及早期成岩作用决定。由于附枝菌构成其微生物岩的生长骨架,且该微生物岩不具备清晰的中型构造,故可称其为附枝菌格架岩,作为对微生物岩分类命名的又一补充。附枝菌格架岩一般生长于台地边缘或台地外部斜坡环境,其生长过程受水动力条件、阳光照射及海水清澈度等影响。  相似文献   

8.
针对我国东北某石油烃污染场地地下水中的萘污染,筛选出了AcinetobacterPseudomonas菌属的高效萘降解菌群。该菌群对萘的耐受性较高,且具有良好的乳化性,能够自动调节细胞表面疏水性和自聚集性。不同pH值、萘初始浓度、温度和菌接种量对萘降解效率的影响研究表明:最适菌群生长的pH范围为7.08.0;萘降解效率和速率在1.005.00 mg/L范围内与其初始浓度成正比;在1030 ℃温度范围内均表现出较高的萘降解效率。在此基础上,利用Guass、GuassAmp、LogNomal、Poisson和Pulse数学模型对萘的降解过程进行拟合,其降解速率更符合GuassAmp模型。通过将降解动力学模型中的常数与影响因素相关联,推导出了拟合度较高的多因素影响下的萘降解动力学方程。  相似文献   

9.
硫酸盐还原菌(sulfate-reducing bacteria,SRB) 是一类兼性厌氧菌,在湖泊和海洋有机物矿化过程和生物源性黄铁矿 的生成过程中都扮演着重要角色。环境溶解氧浓度对硫酸盐还原过程影响较大,硫酸盐还原菌在水体中的耐氧性是目前的研 究热点。文章采集了象山港和水口水库不同溶解氧水平下的水样,并在相应的溶解氧梯度下进行富集培养,以探讨不同溶解 氧浓度下硫酸盐还原菌的耐氧性特征及硫代谢相关菌的组成。结果显示,在富集培养条件下湖泊和沿海海域中Desulfovibrio (脱硫弧菌属) 和Desulfomicrobium (脱硫微菌属) 为主要硫酸盐还原细菌,而Shewanella (希瓦氏菌属) 和Sulfurospirillum (硫小螺体属) 为其硫代谢相关菌。Desulfovibrio的相对丰度与溶解氧水平密切相关,随溶解氧浓度的减少,其相对丰度增加。 SRB 的耐氧上限为6.68 mg/L,明显高于以往纯培养或共培养的耐氧上限值。作者推测这不仅与其高氧环境的适应策略有关, 还可能得益于共存菌的贡献,后者可能通过消耗环境中的氧为Desulfovibrio提供生态位,提高其耐氧水平。  相似文献   

10.
为了弄清楚酸性矿井废水的排放是否对阿哈湖造成了汞污染,我们研究了阿哈湖中汞的各种赋存形态(包括溶解气态汞、活性汞、颗粒态汞、溶解态汞、溶解态甲基汞、颗粒态甲基汞,以及沉积物间隙水体的溶解态汞和溶解态甲基汞)及其在水体和沉积物间隙水中的剖面分布.实验数据表明,溶解态甲基汞浓度在沉积物下2~5 cm处最高,随深度增加而逐渐降低,与硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)的分布相吻合,说明水体-沉积物界面是甲基汞的产生地点;并且在沉积物中高浓度硫酸根浓度高达1100mg/L时,硫酸根浓度与甲基汞浓度依然一致.  相似文献   

11.
磁赤铁矿可以在厌氧微生物作用下固相转化为磁铁矿,这种转化过程具有重要的矿物学及环境磁学意义。文章通过开展硫酸盐还原菌(SRB) —磁赤铁矿交互作用实验,重点探讨了SRB 活性对磁赤铁矿—磁铁矿固相转化速率的影响。在31 d 培养期内,SO42-+SRB+磁赤铁矿体系中SRB 的生长导致16.7%的SO42-转化为酸可挥发性硫(AVS),部分还原释放的Fe(II) 与AVS 反应生成单硫化物、双硫化物和多硫化物,同时铁氧化物因溶解作用粒径减小;在无SO42-的SRB+磁赤铁矿体系中, SRB 还原产生的Fe (II) 主要存在于铁氧化物中,没有次生沉淀产生。X 射线衍射和穆斯堡尔谱分析结果表明在SRB 作用下纳米磁赤铁矿逐渐向磁铁矿转化,加入SO42-时转化速率加快,与矿物接触的SRB 菌体的数量及其向磁赤铁矿传递电子的能力均得到了增强。在天然或人工厌氧条件下,SO42-是制约磁赤铁矿向磁铁矿转化的重要因素。  相似文献   

12.
In this study acrylic water base color was removed from synthetic wastewater using coagulation process. Experiments were conducted on the sample containing 100 mg/L and 400 mg/L of acrylic water base color. Destruction of color by means of coagulation/flocculation techniques using ferrous sulfate, alum, lime and polyelectrolyte (cationic, anionic and non ionic). The study was performed in a systematic approach searching optimum values of alum and FeSO4 concentration, pH and temperature. All the experiments were run in a laboratory scale.The obtained results show that treatment with alum and ferrous sulfate alone proved to be very effective in removing the color (> 99 %) and part of COD (60–70 %) from aqueous solution. Lime alone did not significant change on COD and color removal.  相似文献   

13.
Goethite-enhanced anaerobic bio-decomposition of sulfate minerals   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
The effects of goethite on the anaerobic bio-decomposition of sulfate minerals were investigated by using the beef extract as a carbon source and the activated sludge as the source of mixed bacteria. Solution pH, sulfate concentration, total iron ion concentration and the solid products of four different batch tests were monitored and analyzed. Experimental results showed that the presence of iron oxide can improve the alkalinity of the reaction system which results in the increase of pH value. Moreover, the added goethite consumed a large amount of H2S generated from the sulfate minerals by SRB, thereby significantly enhancing the decomposition of gypsum and anhydrite compared with the control batch tests. In addition, the SEM observation and the EDS spectra showed that there were some rod-shaped microorganisms and new generated minerals, such as iron sulfide, calcium carbonate crystals, and elemental sulfur. Both of the proliferation of new minerals (iron sulfide and calcium carbonate crystals) and the complete disappearance of sulfate minerals indicated that iron oxide can play the role in fixing the S element through the metabolism of SRB and hence improve the bio-decomposition of sulfate minerals.  相似文献   

14.
长江口盐沼硫酸盐还原菌的分布特征与环境机制   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
陈庆强  唐媛  杨艳  谢冰  吕宝一 《沉积学报》2012,30(6):1088-1098
选择长江口崇明东滩两类植被区(互花米草、土著植被)纵向剖面,根据不同高程部位柱样土壤和植被根际硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)与异养菌的数量,颗粒有机碳(POC)含量与δ13C值,孔隙水Cl-/SO2-   4摩尔比等,研究盐沼SRB的空间分布特征与机制。自高潮滩向光滩,柱样氧含量降低,SO2-   4含量增加,导致SRB含量增加,SRB在有机质矿化中的作用增强。高潮滩柱样不同深度层位的异养菌数量明显大于中潮滩和光滩柱样的相应层位,这与由陆向海柱样氧含量及POC含量降低有关。SRB对植被根际环境的变化较敏感,芦苇根际最有利于SRB生长,藨草根际次之;互花米草根际不利于SRB生长,根系分泌物可能对SRB有抑制作用。土壤有机质含量是导致不同纵向剖面相同高程部位柱样之间微生物数量差异的主要因素。同一纵向剖面不同高程部位柱样之间在土壤氧含量与SO2-   4含量方面的不同,导致这些柱样微生物数量存在差异。盐沼柱样孔隙水Cl-/SO2-4摩尔比总体偏低,多小于19.33,指示有非海源SO2- 4加入。非海源SO2-4的加入掩盖了硫酸盐还原作用对SO2-4的消耗,增加了利用孔隙水Cl-/SO2-4摩尔比定量研究盐沼硫酸盐还原作用强度的难度。柱样中SRB越多,Cl-/SO2-4摩尔比就越大,硫酸盐还原作用就越明显。  相似文献   

15.
硫酸盐还原菌(sulfate-reducing bacteria,SRB) 是一类兼性厌氧菌,在湖泊和海洋有机物矿化过程和生物源性黄铁矿 的生成过程中都扮演着重要角色。环境溶解氧浓度对硫酸盐还原过程影响较大,硫酸盐还原菌在水体中的耐氧性是目前的研 究热点。文章采集了象山港和水口水库不同溶解氧水平下的水样,并在相应的溶解氧梯度下进行富集培养,以探讨不同溶解 氧浓度下硫酸盐还原菌的耐氧性特征及硫代谢相关菌的组成。结果显示,在富集培养条件下湖泊和沿海海域中Desulfovibrio (脱硫弧菌属) 和Desulfomicrobium (脱硫微菌属) 为主要硫酸盐还原细菌,而Shewanella (希瓦氏菌属) 和Sulfurospirillum (硫小螺体属) 为其硫代谢相关菌。Desulfovibrio的相对丰度与溶解氧水平密切相关,随溶解氧浓度的减少,其相对丰度增加。 SRB 的耐氧上限为6.68 mg/L,明显高于以往纯培养或共培养的耐氧上限值。作者推测这不仅与其高氧环境的适应策略有关, 还可能得益于共存菌的贡献,后者可能通过消耗环境中的氧为Desulfovibrio提供生态位,提高其耐氧水平。  相似文献   

16.
利用厌氧微生物分离技术,对深度为1.2 m 的海南红树林湿地沉积物钻孔样品进行了分离培养,共获得11 株 厌氧sulfate-reducing bacteria(SRB) 菌株。经显微观察和16S rDNA序列分析,可归纳为6个属,其中已经报道有芽孢杆菌 属(Bacillus)、弧菌属(Vibrio) 和梭状芽胞杆菌属(Clostridium),另外3个属分别为伯克霍尔德菌属(Burkholderia)、希瓦氏菌属(Shewanella) 和海杆菌属(Marinobacterium)。不同属的细菌对硫酸盐还原的速率最低为14.71%,最高可达 56.78%,并且以上6属11株菌都能将+6价的硫还原生成-2价硫,并与培养基中的Fe2+结合生成黑色FeS沉淀,而这些无定 形FeS沉淀是生成黄铁矿的前体。红树林湿地SRB种群数量随沉积物深度的增加而降低,结合沉积物的地球化学分析测试 结果表明,表层(0 cm) 水界面的沉积物由于处于氧化-还原界面,氧气的周期性输入在一定程度上抑制了SRB的生长;随着 深度增加(10~40 cm),充足的有机质、偏中性的pH值以及厌氧环境的增强,使得SRB种类和数量明显增加;而60 cm以下 沉积物中因TOC含量降低,减少了微生物可利用的碳源,pH值明显降低,Na+和Ca2+离子浓度明显增加,这些因素都抑制了 SRB的生长,使得深部沉积物中SRB的种类和数量显著减少。  相似文献   

17.
Biological treatment of industrial wastewater containing heavy metal and organic pollutant has attracted extensive attention. In this study, Cr(VI) reduction coupled with phenol degradation was investigated by the sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) sludge with addition of zero-valent iron (ZVI). The results showed that the SRB wet sludge (SWS) had a good bioactivity in the reduction of Cr(VI) only when the initial concentration of Cr(VI) was below 60 mg L?1. The addition of ZVI significantly enhanced the bioactivity and reusability of SWS, and the reduction percentage of Cr(VI) achieved 98% after SWS was successively used for seven cycles. SWS coupled with ZVI showed a high activity in phenol degradation, with more than 94% phenol being degraded in each cycle. However, in the simultaneous removal of Cr(VI) and phenol, phenol degradation was inhibited due to the toxicity of Cr(VI) to phenol degrading microbes in SWS. On the other hand, reduction of sulfate and Cr(VI) was not affected by the presence of phenol, with more than 95% of sulfate and Cr(VI) being removed at the end of the 5th cycle. This study enriches our understanding on the applications of the SRB sludge in the removal of organic and inorganic contaminants in wastewater.  相似文献   

18.
Treatment of acid mine drainage (AMD) highly rich in sulfate and multiple metal elements has been investigated in a continuous flow column experiment using organic and inorganic reactive media. Treatment substrates that composed of spent mushroom compost (SMC), limestone, activated sludge and woodchips were incorporated into bacterial sulfate reduction (BSR) treatment for AMD. SMC greatly assisted the removals of sulfate and metals and acted as essential carbon source for sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB). Alkalinity produced by dissolution of limestone and metabolism of SRB has provided acidity neutralization capacity for AMD where pH was maintained at neutral state, thus aiding the removal of sulfate. Fe, Pb, Cu, Zn and Al were effectively removed (87–100%); however, Mn was not successfully removed despite initial Mn reduction during early phase due to interference with Fe. The first half of the treatment was an essential phase for removal of most metals where contaminants were primarily removed by the BSR in addition to carbonate dissolution function. The importance of BSR in the presence of organic materials was also supported by metal fraction analysis that primary metal accumulation occurs mainly through metal adsorption onto the organic matter, e.g., as sulfides and onto Fe/Mn oxides surfaces.  相似文献   

19.
Sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) are ubiquitous in anoxic environments where they couple the oxidation of organic compounds to the production of hydrogen sulfide. This can be problematic for various industries including oil production where reservoir “souring” (the generation of H2S) requires corrective actions. Nitrate or nitrite injection into sour oil fields can promote SRB control by stimulating organotrophic nitrate- or nitrite-reducing bacteria (O-NRB) that out-compete SRB for electron donors (biocompetitive exclusion), and/or by lithotrophic nitrate- or nitrite-reducing sulfide oxidizing bacteria (NR-SOB) that remove H2S directly. Sulfur and oxygen isotope ratios of sulfide and sulfate were monitored in batch cultures and sulfidic bioreactors to evaluate mitigation of SRB activities by nitrate or nitrite injection. Sulfate reduction in batch cultures of Desulfovibrio sp. strain Lac15 indicated typical Rayleigh-type fractionation of sulfur isotopes during bacterial sulfate reduction (BSR) with lactate, whereas oxygen isotope ratios in unreacted sulfate remained constant. Sulfur isotope fractionation in batch cultures of the NR-SOB Thiomicrospira sp. strain CVO was minimal during the oxidation of sulfide to sulfate, which had δ18OSO4 values similar to that of the water-oxygen. Treating an up-flow bioreactor with increasing doses of nitrate to eliminate sulfide resulted in changes in sulfur isotope ratios of sulfate and sulfide but very little variation in oxygen isotope ratios of sulfate. These observations were similar to results obtained from SRB-only, but different from those of NR-SOB-only pure culture control experiments. This suggests that biocompetitive exclusion of SRB took place in the nitrate-injected bioreactor. In two replicate bioreactors treated with nitrite, less pronounced sulfur isotope fractionation and a slight decrease in δ18OSO4 were observed. This indicated that NR-SOB played a minor role during dosing with low nitrite and that biocompetitive exclusion was the major process. The results demonstrate that stable isotope data can contribute unique information for understanding complex microbial processes in nitrate- and sulfate-reducing systems, and offer important information for the management of H2S problems in oil reservoirs and elsewhere.  相似文献   

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