共查询到17条相似文献，搜索用时 125 毫秒
1.
由不同尺度过程或作用叠加而形成的混合场在地学领域很常见,研究如何量化这些场的尺度不变性以及如何刻画其各项异性特征具有重要意义.介绍了近期研发的图像各向异性尺度不变性模拟和分解方法,并将其应用于遥感图像处理中.该方法是将各向异性尺度不变性模拟(SIG)和分形滤波(S-A)方法融合的,对于任意二维场,先用S-A模型判断其是否为混合场.如果是混合场,用S-A模型对其进行模式分解,然后再运用SIG模型量化分解后的各组分的各向异性尺度不变性,并描述其具体变换特征.基于一幅混合遥感影像的应用实例表明,该方法能够有效地量化二维混合场的各向异性尺度不变性.此外,混合场只有在正确分解成不同尺度的组分之后才能得到合理的利用. 相似文献
2.
空间模式的广义自相似性分析与矿产资源评价 总被引：20，自引：3，他引：17
尺度不变性(scale invariance)包括自相似性(各向同性)、自仿射性(成层结构)、广义自相似性(各向异性标度不变性),是由各种地质过程和地质事件所产生的地质特征和模式的本质属性．尺度不变性可用分形和多重分形模型来表征．这些尺度特征的定量化可为刻画地质空问模式和模式识别提供有力的工具．例如。热液矿床的群聚现象可以用局部分形特征(局部奇异性)来刻画．通过在特征空问中(如频率空问)识别空问模式的广义自相似性．可以将空间混合模式进行分解或异常的识别．介绍了几种相关的分形模型和方法。包括度量空问模式广义尺度独立性(GSI)的线性模型;基于广义尺度独立性的异常分解S—A方法;度量空问模式的局部奇异性方法;以及如何利用分形特征预测未发现矿床的2种方法．有些方法已应用于许多矿产资源评价实例中．给出了对加拿大Nova Scotia省西南部湖泊沉积物样品中的4种元素As、Pb、Zn和Cu的地球化学数据处理分析结果。证明了局部奇异性分析和S—A异常分解方法对地球化学异常的增强和分离的有效性．研究表明：由S—A方法分解的异常往往具有多重分形的特点,而且普遍具有局部奇异性．研究区内具有明显奇异性的地区(元素含量富集区)是金矿异常区域。它们与金矿成矿作用和已知矿床的赋存密切相关． 相似文献
3.
为了准确确定岩体力学参数,通过综合分析多种地质强度指标(GSI)量化方法,提出了一种改进的GSI值量化和修正方法。首先,利用测线法估算结构面平均间距(d)和岩体块度指数(RBI)的改进型岩体块度率(RBR),根据岩体三维结构面网络,获得岩体体积节理数(Jv)和岩体结构等级(SR),然后采用上述参数和结构表面条件(SCR)及结构表面特性参数(Jc)进行了GSI值的定量化处理。为了克服GSI体系的缺点,考虑结构面产状和地下水对岩体力学性质的影响,提出了GSI值的修正方法和公式。以某铅锌矿体的矿岩体为例,根据改进的GSI值量化和修正方法及Hoek-Brown强度准则来确定矿岩体力学参数,通过与原位变形试验的对比分析,验证了该方法的精确性和可行性。该方法为从室内岩石力学试验合理地获取节理岩体力学参数提供了理论及实现的依据。 相似文献
4.
海洋可控源电磁法近年来被广泛应用于海洋油气勘探之中,凭借对高阻含油储层的有效识别大大降低干井率,节约钻探成本。受沉积环境的影响,海底地层常常表现出宏观各向异性,而对海洋各向异性模拟算法进行研究可以更有效地进行海洋电磁数据解释。本文从频率域麦克斯韦方程出发,基于标量势分解理论,通过标量势函数与场的连续性条件,在波数域中将电磁场分别向海底深部和海水中延拓,并在海底耦合到发射源上完成电磁场的求解,进而利用汉克尔变换得到了空间域电磁场。通过对海底介质一维各向异性模型电磁响应特征的分析研究发现,覆盖层各向异性对电磁响应有明显的影响;然而,海底高阻层仅垂向电阻率和厚度对海洋电磁响应产生明显影响。通过极性图的方式可以对海底介质各向异性特征进行有效识别。 相似文献
5.
圈定地球化学异常是勘查地球化学和环境地球化学研究中的一项基础性工作。笔者通过详细分析近30年来与地球科学密切相关的分形和多重分形等现代非线性理论和新方法的迅速发展和应用,特别是以解决地球化学复杂背景与叠加异常分解难题为例,介绍了广义自相似理论与分形滤波技术的发展和应用,相信在资源、环境、灾害的其他应用领域也将发挥重要影响。文中阐明了多重分形是更具普适性的地球化学元素分布模式,"密度-面积"分形模型是刻画地球化学异常的基础模型,并为多个空间开展分形滤波和分解地球化学复杂背景与叠加异常的理论基础。该方法的显著优势在于将地球化学场的各向异性、尺度不变性、广义自相似性等特征集于一体,具有压制变化性背景干扰,突出局部异常的能力,其中C-A和S-A业已广泛应用于矿产勘查靶区圈定和环境污染模式识别,形成了分解地球化学复杂背景和叠加异常的常用技术,在国内外多个成矿区带取得了显著的找矿效果。 相似文献
6.
《岩土力学》2021,(2)
完善的渗透各向异性模型有助于指导地下建筑施工期和运营期的排水注浆方案的选定,为了建立完善的渗透各向异性模型,利用三轴渗透仪对高岭-蒙脱混合黏土开展一系列渗透试验,并从宏观和微观两个角度尝试建立渗透各向异性模型。研究结果表明:随着膨润土掺入量增加,混合黏土中小孔隙含量不变,中孔隙含量增多,而大孔隙含量减少;随着固结应力的增大,混合黏土中孔隙均减少,且孔隙最大孔径减小;宏观参数孔隙比和液限孔隙比与渗透各向异性比之间的规律性较弱,说明孔隙比和液限孔隙比不是决定渗透各向异性比的关键参数;用微观参数表述的渗透各向异性模型有较强的规律性,说明从微观角度探究渗透各向异性模型不仅可行,而且更能揭示混合黏土渗透各向异性的本质,且微观参数模型中,用能反映较大孔隙变化的孔径指数D_(50)～D_(70)表述的渗透各向异性模型相关性最好。 相似文献
7.
完善的渗透各向异性模型有助于指导地下建筑施工期和运营期的排水注浆方案的选定,为了建立完善的渗透各向异性模型,利用三轴渗透仪对高岭-蒙脱混合黏土开展一系列渗透试验,并从宏观和微观两个角度尝试建立渗透各向异性模型。研究结果表明:随着膨润土掺入量增加,混合黏土中小孔隙含量不变,中孔隙含量增多,而大孔隙含量减少;随着固结应力的增大,混合黏土中孔隙均减少,且孔隙最大孔径减小;宏观参数孔隙比和液限孔隙比与渗透各向异性比之间的规律性较弱,说明孔隙比和液限孔隙比不是决定渗透各向异性比的关键参数;用微观参数表述的渗透各向异性模型有较强的规律性,说明从微观角度探究渗透各向异性模型不仅可行,而且更能揭示混合黏土渗透各向异性的本质,且微观参数模型中,用能反映较大孔隙变化的孔径指数D_(50)～D_(70)表述的渗透各向异性模型相关性最好。 相似文献
8.
9.
Compaq Visual Fortran与Matlab混合编程实现小波域地震信号多尺度分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
小波函数在时间域和频率域均具有良好的局部化特征,运用小波函数对地震信号进行变换处理,能够提取体现地质体宏观与微观特征的属性参数.在Compaq Visual Fortran环境下,调用Matlab小波工具箱中的函数与命令进行混合编程,能够快速、准确地实现地震信号的多尺度分析,提取体现地质体频率属性的最佳尺度参数.运用Compaq Visual Fortran卓越的计算功能完成较大数据文件的读取,再调用Matlab中丰富的小波函数及其它数学函数库,实现地震信号的各类计算,可有效地减轻程序编写的难度,提高工作效率,缩短研究周期.在含油气的地质体中,尺度参数越大,频率衰减则更加突出,最佳的尺度参数能为油气预测提供重要的参考信息.该方法已在川西坳陷深层须家河组新场地区含气性检测中推广试用,所获得的异常区段与多口测井含气段吻合良好. 相似文献
10.
针对采用矩谐分析方法构建地磁基准图的边界震荡问题, 提出一种基于二维经验模态分解的区域地磁异常数据边界补偿方法.采用二维经验模态分解方法对区域地磁异常数据进行多尺度分解, 对分解所得小尺度本征模态函数分量, 利用总体Hilbert变换法进行瞬时频率和瞬时幅值特征提取, 通过自采样和特征匹配进行边界补偿; 将大尺度分量之和作为趋势项, 利用三角函数方法建立模型并计算边界之外的大尺度磁异常值.实验证明, 相比当前已有方法, 可以更加有效地抑制对区域地磁异常数据进行矩谐分析的边界震荡问题, 稳定提高构建地磁基准图的准确性. 相似文献
11.
A New Model for Quantifying Anisotropic Scale Invariance and for Decomposition of Mixing Patterns 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Qiuming Cheng 《Mathematical Geology》2004,36(3):345-360
A new power–law function has been derived to represent the relationship between area of the set consisting of wave numbers with spectral energy density above S (A(>S)) on the two-dimensional frequency plane and S. The power–law relation holds if the field concerned possessing isotropic scale invariance or generalized scaling invariance involves rotational and ratio-scale changing transforms. The equation is valid for dealing with common exploration geophysical and geochemical fields encountered in mineral exploration and environmental assessment. This power–law function not only provides a new model for characterizing anisotropic scaling invariance for generalized scaling field, for example, estimating the power exponent of power spectrum of generalized scale invariance measure in frequency domain, but also forms a theoretical base for the S–A filtering technique developed for decomposing a mixing field into components on the basis of distinct scaling properties in the frequency domain. It is demonstrated that the method has potential to become a general technique for image processing and pattern recognition. 相似文献
12.
Continuous-in-scale multifractal cascades has long been an attractive choice for mathematically modeling turbulent and turbulent-like geophysical fields. These fields are usually anisotropic as they are subject to both stratification and rotation, thereby questioning the isotropy assumption often made to model them. The self-affine and generalized scale invariance approaches to scaling are used here to introduce anisotropy in such models. These anisotropic simulations have (1) unresolved large-scale features and (2) statistics that deviate from the desired power-law scaling mainly in the small scales. The former issue is solved via nesting, whereas the latter is attempted to be overcome using singularity correction methods. While earlier studies have proposed isotropic correction methods, here they have been generalized to correct anisotropic simulations. These singularity corrections seem to improve the small-scale statistical properties of mildly anisotropic simulations; nesting, on the other hand, appears to enhance statistics over almost all scales even for strongly anisotropic simulations. Both the correction and nesting techniques lead to a reduction in computational time and memory usage suggesting that nested singularity-corrected cascades offer a better framework for quantitatively modeling the atmosphere, ocean, solid earth, and associated fields. 相似文献
13.
This paper presents an overview and synthesis of an extensive research effort to characterize and quantify scale invariances in the morphology and evolution of braided rivers. Braided rivers were shown to exhibit anisotropic spatial scaling (self-affinity) in their morphology, implying a statistical scale invariance under appropriate rescaling of the axes along and perpendicular to the main direction of flow. The scaling exponents were found similar in rivers of diverse flow regimes, slopes, types of bed material and braid plain widths, indicating the presence of universal features in the underlying mechanisms responsible for the formation of their spatial structure. In regions where predominant geologic controls or predominant flow paths were present, no spatial scaling was found. Regarding their spatiotemporal evolution, braided rivers were found to exhibit dynamic scaling, implying that a smaller part of a braided river evolves identically to a larger one provided that space and time are appropriately normalized. Based on these findings, and some additional analysis of experimental rivers as they approach equilibrium, it was concluded that the mechanism bringing braided rivers to a state where they show spatial and temporal scaling is self-organized criticality and inferences about the physical mechanisms of self-organization were suggested. 相似文献
14.
15.
In this paper we consider an anisotropic scaling approach to understanding rock density and surface gravity which naturally
accounts for wide range variability and anomalies at all scales. This approach is empirically justified by the growing body
of evidence that geophysical fields including topography and density are scaling over wide range ranges. Theoretically it
is justified, since scale invariance is a (geo)dynamical symmetry principle which is expected to hold in the absence of symmetry
breaking mechanisms. Unfortunately, to date most scaling approaches have been self-similar, i.e., they have assumed not only
scale invariant but also isotropic dynamics. In contrast, most nonscaling approaches recognize the anisotropy (e.g., the strata),
but implicitly assume that the latter is independent of scale. In this paper, we argue that the dynamics are scaling but highly
anisotropic, i.e., with scale dependent differential anisotropy.
By using empirical density statistics in the crust and a statistical theory of high Prandtl number convection in the mantle,
we argue that
is a reasonable model for the 3-D spectrum (K is the horizontal wavevector and K is its modulus, k
z
is a vertical wavenumber), (s,H
z
) are fundamental exponents which we estimate as (5.3,3), (3,3) in the crust and mantle, respectively. We theoretically derive
expressions for the corresponding surface gravity spectrum. For scales smaller than ≈100 km, the anisotropic crust model of
the density (with flat top and bottom) using empirically determined vertical and horizontal density spectra is sufficient
to explain the (Bouguer) g
z
spectra. However, the crust thickness is highly variable and the crust-mantle density contrast is very large. By considering
isostatic equilibrium, and using global gravity and topography data, we show that this thickness variability is the dominant
contribution to the surface g
z
spectrum over the range ≈100–1000 km. Using estimates of mantle properties (viscosity, thermal conductivity, thermal expansion
coefficient, etc.), we show that the mantle contribution to the mean spectrum is strongest at ≈1000 km and is comparable to
the variable crust thickness contribution. Overall, we produce a model which is compatible with both the observed (horizontal
and vertical) density heterogeneity and surface gravity anomaly statistics over a range of meters to several thousand kilometers. 相似文献
16.
基于Hoek-Brown强度准则及量化GSI围岩评级系统,分析岩体强度弱化行为,总结出确定岩体峰值及峰后强度参数的方法,提出应变软化模型的简化计算方法,并以FLAC3D数值模拟软件为工具,采用收敛-约束法对深埋大断面隧道支护结构及围岩稳定性进行分析,计算出支护结构安全系数。通过分析得出：随着围岩应力释放,岩体软化参数随之减小,岩体强度弱化行为突出;高地质强度GSI指标（GSI=75）的岩体虽然强度弱化程度较大,但围岩的变形量仍然较小,而低GSI指标（GSI=25）的岩体表现出了理想弹塑性行为;提出的简化Hoek-Brown应变软化模型适合应用于隧道中岩质相近区段围岩的研究;采用收敛-约束法对隧道支护结构的稳定性进行分析,可为隧道工程的初期支护优化设计及安全性评价提供参考。 相似文献
17.
地球化学异常标度不变性与超低密度地球化学填图 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
依据区域地球化学数据,论证了地球化学异常标度不变性的特性,据此,提出的一种新勘查战略,即采用超低密度地球化学测量方法,韧带掌握全局,逐步缩小靶区,快速圈定巨型矿床密集区。地球化学异常的标度不变性,为全球地球深化填图计划的实施提供了理论依据。 相似文献