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中国多年冻土区的总面积约占中国陆地面积的２２．４％，达２１５００００ｋｍ2。多年冻土的分布特征受气候条件在三度空间的变化所制约。自晚更新世以来，其分布情况已有相当的变化。在东次冰期最盛期，东北地区多年冻土南界曾推进到北纬４１—４２°，在全新世暖期，南界向北退缩，但晚更新世形成的冰楔和多年冻土至今仍存在于大兴安岭北部，全新世中期严寒期冻土有所扩展并形成冰楔。随着气候变化，中国西部高山和高原区高海拔冻土的分布下界已上移８００—１０００ｍ，但高山和高原的主要部分仍处于冰缘环境，有的地方在全新世还发育了共生型多年冻土。 相似文献
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若尔盖高原及其周围山地的冻土和环境 总被引：8，自引：4，他引：8
若尔盖高原内部年平均气温０．６～３．３℃，气温年较差１９．１～２１．２℃，已不具备多年冻土形成和保存的气候条件。据１９９２年７月间试坑和钻孔测温，在１．０～２．２ｍ深处地温为５～８．４℃，浅层地下水温６．０～７．８℃，由此判断不存在多年冻土，季节冻结深度为１．０～２．０ｍ。据冻土现象和试坑资料判断，周围山地海拔４１５０～４２００ｍ以上发育山地岛状多年冻土。区内沼泽演化表明，部分沼泽已疏干或向疏干趋势发展，草场退化和草原沙化已成为本区生态环境的重要问题，并已影响畜牧业发展 相似文献
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兴安岭-贝加尔（兴-贝）型多年冻土处于欧亚大陆高纬度多年冻土南缘,对气候变化和人类活动较为敏感。为了研究多年冻土变化规律以及预测其未来变化趋势,从环境因素对多年冻土的影响以及多年冻土与环境的相互作用两个方面出发,围绕地带性因素（纬度、高度、经度）和非地带因素（气温、植被、降水、积雪等）两大类环境因素的变化对多年冻土分布与发育的影响,分析了兴-贝型多年冻土的变化和发展趋势,总结认为：气温、植被、降水、积雪等环境因素共同作用,改变了土层水热状况,促使区域内大范围多年冻土经历了显著退化;退化程度存在区域差异,多年冻土南界附近退化程度最为显著。基于兴-贝型多年冻土的特殊性,提出了建立冻土和寒区环境监测机制并及时采取适应性和整治性措施保护和修复区域环境的建议。 相似文献
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在气候变暖影响下, 多年冻土对人类活动的响应更加敏感, 以至加速退化. 冻土退化后带来的生态环境和工程建筑热稳定性问题也会更加明显. 以黑龙江省漠河县城区为例, 结合钻孔资料和温度监测数据, 应用探地雷达对城区中心以及周边的多年冻土分布特征进行了探测, 研究分析了城市化对多年冻土的热影响. 结果表明: 雷达波在漠河城区地层的传播速度为0.07~0.08 m·ns-1, 探地雷达结果与钻孔、温度监测资料相一致, 能够较准确的确定融化深度、冻土类型、地层结构. 城区对冻土退化影响较大, 城区中心冻土退化严重, 探测范围(0~10 m)内无冻土存在; 城郊周围沼泽化湿地下部普遍发育含冰量较高的多年冻土, 人为扰动影响较小, 冻土上限较浅, 冻土热状况相对稳定. 随着漠河城区逐渐扩张, 拟建或在建市政工程大多将修建在城郊周围沼泽化湿地上, 人为活动不断增加势必会加速多年冻土退化, 但其长期热影响范围和程度还需深入研究. 相似文献
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大小兴安岭多年冻土退化及其趋势初步评估 总被引：18，自引：19，他引：18
大小兴安岭多年冻土处于欧亚大陆多年冻土带南缘,地温高、厚度小、热稳定性差、对气候变暖的敏感性强.过去40 a来该区多年冻土退化主要表现为最大季节融化深度增大,厚度减薄,地温升高,融区扩大,多年冻土岛消失等.气候变暖及该区森林植被的锐减是导致多年冻土退化的普遍性和基础性因素,而多种人为活动影响起了加速促进作用.依据多年冻土南界与多年平均气温的密切相关关系,据1991—2000年平均气温-1.0~1.0℃等值线给出了现今多年冻土南界位置,并探讨了未来40~50 a后气温升高1.0~1.5℃情况下多年冻土南界的可能北移情况. 相似文献
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东北多年冻土退化及环境效应研究现状与展望 总被引：6，自引：3，他引：3
东北多年冻土属中高纬度多年冻土,对气候变化非常敏感。数据模型模拟表明,21世纪东北多年冻土区气温会持续上升,显著的变暖将导致多年冻土退化。东北多年冻土呈现自南向北的区域性退化趋势,多年冻土区南部表现为南界的北移、融区的扩大和多年冻土的消失,而北部表现为多年冻土下限的上移、活动层厚度增大及地温升高等。多年冻土的退化会导致寒区生态环境的恶化,如兴安落叶松占绝对优势的天然林带锐减,林带北移,沼泽湿地萎缩等。随着多年冻土的迅速退缩和变薄,原多年冻土中蕴藏的碳将释放出来,对气候变化产生积极的正反馈,加速变暖,并影响全球碳循环。多年冻土退化导致其热状态失稳而造成寒区基础设施损坏,并且影响冻土微生物、碳循环、寒区生态和水文等,而它们是区域气候变化的重要因子,也将成为未来多年冻土研究的重点。而这些研究都需要长期的基础数据作支撑,因此需要进一步完善冻土参数监测网络,用模型厘清气候变化与多年冻土退化及其环境效应之间的关系。 相似文献
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青海高原中、 东部多年冻土及寒区环境退化 总被引：17，自引：13，他引：4
近年来, 随着全球气候变暖和人类社会经济活动的增强, 处于季节冻土向片状连续多年冻土过渡区的青海高原中、 东部多年冻土退化显著. 巴颜喀拉山南坡清水河地区岛状冻土分布南界向北萎缩5 km; 清水河、 黄河沿、 星星海南岸、 黑河沿岸、 花石峡等岛状冻土和不连续多年冻土出现融化夹层和不衔接多年冻土, 有些地区冻土岛和深埋藏多年冻土消失, 多年冻土上限下降、 季节冻结深度变浅; 片状连续多年冻土地温升高、 冻土厚度减薄. 1991-2010年巴颜喀拉山南北坡不连续多年冻土分布下界分别上升90 m和100 m, 1995-2010年布青山南北坡不连续多年冻土分布下界分别上升80 m和50 m. 造成冻土退化的主要原因为气候变暖, 使得地表年均温度由负变正, 冻结期缩短, 融化期延长, 冻/融指数比缩小. 伴随着冻土退化, 高寒环境也显著退化, 地下水位下降, 植被覆盖度降低, 高寒沼泽湿地和河湖萎缩, 土地荒漠化和沙漠化造成了地表覆被条件改变. 相似文献
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兰州马衔山多年冻土特征及变化趋势分析 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
马衔山是目前黄土高原地区唯一证实有多年冻土发育的山脉.残存的多年冻土被誉为黄土高原地区多年冻土的"活化石".近20a来马衔山多年冻土发生了明显的退化,目前仅在小湖滩有岛状多年冻土残存,属于典型的高温多年冻土,1990年代初在其它区域发现的零星多年冻土已经基本消失.马衔山岛状多年冻土地温从10～16m的-0.2℃向上和向下升高,地温梯度±0.01℃·m-1左右,相比1990年代初,多年冻土地温上升了0.1～0.2℃,年升温率为0.006～0.012℃·a-1,小于青藏高原高温多年冻土平均升温速率.马衔山多年冻土最大厚度约40m,正在发生着上引式和下引式退化,而岛状冻土边缘区域侧引式退化起主导作用.马衔山多年冻土发育有丰富的地下分凝冰,根据地下冰发育特征和埋藏有机质层14C测试资料分析,马衔山多年冻土在新冰期形成后发生过多次地表重复堆积,共生共长作用是地下冰形成的重要原因.丰富的地下冰和厚层有机质层的保护作用,以及区域寒冷的微气候环境,应该是马衔山多年冻土残存的主要原因. 相似文献
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Emily Keeble David I. Whiteside Michael J. Benton 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2018,129(2):99-119
Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco. 相似文献
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Gilles Serge Odin 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2002,334(6):409-414
Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414. 相似文献
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The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H2O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H2O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species. 相似文献
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Emmanuel Skourtsos Daniel Vachard Alexandra Zambetakis-Lekkas Rossana Martini Louisette Zaninetti 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2002,334(12):925-931
Some olistolites reworked in a Tertiary flysch of Mount Parnon (Peloponnesus, Greece) exhibit a Late Permian assemblage, dominated by Paradunbarula (Shindella) shindensis, Hemigordiopsis cf. luquensis and Colaniella aff. minima. This association corresponds to the Late Wuchiapingian (=Late Dzhulfian), a substage whose algae and foraminifera are generally little known. Contemporaneous limestones crop out in the middle part of the Episkopi Formation in Hydra, but they are rather commonly reworked in Mesozoic and Cainozoic sequences. The palaeobiogeographical affinities shared by the foraminiferal markers of Greece, southeastern Pamir, and southern China, are very strong (up to the specific level), and are congruent with the Pangea B reconstructions. To cite this article: E. Skourtsos et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 925–931. 相似文献
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正20141596 Liu Yunhuan(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China);Shao Tiequan Early Cambrian Quadrapyrgites Fossils of Xixiang Boita in Southern Shaanxi Province(Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,ISSN1672-6561,CN61-1423/P,35(3),2013,p.39-43,3 illus.,20 refs.) 相似文献
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正20141719 Chen Zhijun(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Chen Jianguo Automated Batch Mapping Solution for Serial Maps:A Case Study of Exploration Geochemistry Maps(Journal of Geology,ISSN1674-3636,CN32-1796/P,37(3),2013,p.456-464,2 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.) 相似文献
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正20140962 Chen Fenning(Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Xi’an710054,China);Chen Ruiming Late Miocene-Early Pleistocene Ostracoda Fauna of Gyirong Basin,Southern Tibet(Acta Geologica Sinica,ISSN0001-5717,CN11-1951/P,87(6),2013,p.872-886,6illus.,56refs.) 相似文献
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正1.IGNEOUS PETROLOGY20142008Cai Jinhui(Wuhan Center,China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China);Liu Wei Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Mineralization Significance of Granodiorites from Fuzichong Pb-Zn Deposit,Guangxi,South China(Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,ISSN1007-3701,CN42-1417/P,29(4),2013,p.271-281,7illus., 相似文献
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正20141205Cheng Weiming(State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China);Xia Yao Regional Hazard Assessment of Disaster Environment for Debris Flows:Taking Jundu Mountain,Beijing as an 相似文献
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正20141266Fan Chaoyan(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources and Geological Processes,Guangzhou 510275,China);Wang Zhenghai On Error Analysis and Correction Method of Measured Strata Section with Wire Projection Method(Journal of 相似文献