共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
Huadong Guo Hanlin Ye Changyong Dou Jing Huang 《International Journal of Digital Earth》2020,13(3):374-392
ABSTRACTThe Moon is a potential new platform for Earth observation. The advantages of its large-scale observational scope, long temporal duration, and multi-layer detecting of the Earth will undoubtedly advance our understanding of the Earth system. To carry out the observations from a Moon-based optical sensor, the geolocation error caused by exterior orientation elements need to be investigated. This paper analyses the error effects of exterior orientation elements on geolocation for an optical sensor. To estimate the error, we present a geometric image model and utilise some parameters to measure the image offsets. Through a large number of numerical simulations, the results demonstrate that the image offsets are not obvious influenced by the distance and observation angle at mid-high latitude of the Moon and have linear correlation with the increasing errors of the exterior orientation elements. Further, the relationship between the spatial resolution and errors of exterior orientation elements are revealed. Finally, the error characteristics for Moon-based Earth observation are discussed. It is expected that the conclusion drawn in this paper could support the study of a Moon-based Earth observation optical sensor. 相似文献
2.
If the force field acting on an artificial Earth satellite is not known a priori with sufficient accuracy to represent its observations on their accuracy level, one may introduce so-called pseudo-stochastic parameters into an orbit determination process, e.g. instantaneous velocity changes at user-defined epochs or piecewise constant accelerations in user-defined adjacent time subintervals or piecewise linear and continuous accelerations in adjacent time subintervals. The procedures, based on standard least-squares, associated with such parameterizations are well established, but they become inefficient (slow) if the number of pseudo-stochastic parameters becomes large. We develop two efficient methods to solve the orbit determination problem in the presence of pseudo-stochastic parameters. The results of the methods are identical to those obtained with conventional least-squares algorithms. The first efficient algorithm also provides the full variance–covariance matrix; the second, even more efficient algorithm, only parts of it. 相似文献
3.
Big Data Analytics for Earth Sciences: the EarthServer approach 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Peter Baumann Paolo Mazzetti Joachim Ungar Roberto Barbera Damiano Barboni Alan Beccati 《International Journal of Digital Earth》2016,9(1):3-29
Big Data Analytics is an emerging field since massive storage and computing capabilities have been made available by advanced e-infrastructures. Earth and Environmental sciences are likely to benefit from Big Data Analytics techniques supporting the processing of the large number of Earth Observation datasets currently acquired and generated through observations and simulations. However, Earth Science data and applications present specificities in terms of relevance of the geospatial information, wide heterogeneity of data models and formats, and complexity of processing. Therefore, Big Earth Data Analytics requires specifically tailored techniques and tools. The EarthServer Big Earth Data Analytics engine offers a solution for coverage-type datasets, built around a high performance array database technology, and the adoption and enhancement of standards for service interaction (OGC WCS and WCPS). The EarthServer solution, led by the collection of requirements from scientific communities and international initiatives, provides a holistic approach that ranges from query languages and scalability up to mobile access and visualization. The result is demonstrated and validated through the development of lighthouse applications in the Marine, Geology, Atmospheric, Planetary and Cryospheric science domains. 相似文献
4.
The major contribution of this paper relates to the practical advantages of combining Ground Control Points (GCPs), Ground Control Lines (GCLs) and orbital data to estimate the exterior orientation parameters of images collected by CBERS-2B (China–Brazil Earth Resources Satellite) HRC (High-resolution Camera) and CCD (High-resolution CCD Camera) sensors. Although the CBERS-2B is no longer operational, its images are still being used in Brazil, and the next generations of the CBERS satellite will have sensors with similar technical features, which motivates the study presented in this paper. The mathematical models that relate the object and image spaces are based on collinearity (for points) and coplanarity (for lines) conditions. These models were created in an in-house developed software package called TMS (Triangulation with Multiple Sensors) with multi-feature control (GCPs and GCLs). Experiments on a block of four CBERS-2B HRC images and on one CBERS-2B CCD image were performed using both models. It was observed that the combination of GCPs and GCLs provided better bundle block adjustment results than conventional bundle adjustment using only GCPs. The results also demonstrate the advantages of using primarily orbital data when the number of control entities is reduced. 相似文献
5.
This paper describes a low earth orbiter micro-satellite attitude determination algorithm using GPS phase and pseudorange
data as the only observables. It is designed to run in real-time, at a rate of 10 Hz, on-board the spacecraft, using minimal
chip and memory resources. The spacecraft design includes four GPS antennas deployed on boom arms to improve the antenna separations.
The boom arms feature smart sensors, from which time-varying deformation data are used to calculate changes in the body-fixed
system (BFS) co-ordinates of the attitude antennas. These data are used as input to the attitude algorithm to improve the
accuracy of the output.
The conventional double-difference phase observation equations have been re-arranged so that the only unknown parameters in
the functions (once the ambiguities have been determined) are the spacecraft Euler angles. This greatly increases the redundancy
in the mathematical model, and is exploited to enhance the algorithm's ability to trap observations contaminated by unmodelled
multipath. This approach has been shown to be successful in identifying phase outliers at the 5–10 mm level. Speed of execution
of the program is improved by utilising numerical differentiation of the model equations in the linearisation process. Furthermore,
as the number of solve-for parameters is reduced to three by the chosen mathematical model, matrix inversion requirements
are minimised. A novel approach to ambiguity resolution and determination of initial estimates of the attitude parameters
has been developed utilising a heuristic technique and the known, and time varying, BFS co-ordinates of the antenna array.
Algorithm testing is based on a simulation of the micro-satellite trajectory combined with variations in attitude derived
from spin-stabilisation and periodic roll and pitch parameters. The trajectory of the spacecraft centre of mass was calculated
by numerical integration of a force model using Earth gravity field parameters, third body effects due to the Sun and the
Moon, dynamic Earth tide effects (solar and lunar), and a solar radiation pressure model. Frame transformations between J2000
and ITRF97 used the IERS conventions. A similar approach was used to calculate the trajectories of all available GPS satellites
during the same period, using initial conditions of position and velocity from IGS precise orbits. RMS differences between
the published precise orbit and the integrated satellite positions were at the 5-mm level. Phase observables are derived from
these trajectories, biased by simulation of receiver and satellite clock errors, cycle slips, random or systematic noise and
initial integer ambiguities. In the actual simulation of the attitude determination process in orbit, GPS satellite positions
are calculated using broadcast ephemerides.
The results show that the aim of 0.05° (two sigma) attitude precision can be met provided that the phase noise can be reduced
to the level of 1–2 mm. Attitude precision was found to vary strongly with constellation geometry, which can change quite
rapidly depending on the variations in spacecraft attitude. The redundancy in the mathematical model was found to be very
effective in trapping and isolating cycle slips to the double difference observations that are contaminated. This allows for
the possibility of correcting for cycle slips without full recourse to the ambiguity resolution algorithm.
Electronic Publication 相似文献
6.
Environmental models constructed with a spatial domain require choices about the representation of space. Decisions in the adaptation of a spatial data model can have significant consequences on the ability to predict environmental function as a result of changes to levels of aggregation of input parameters and scaling issues in the processes being modelled. In some cases, it is possible to construct a systematic framework to evaluate the uncertainty in predictions using different spatial models; in other cases, the realm of possibilities plus the complexity of the environmental model in question may inhibit numeric uncertainty estimates. We demonstrate a range of potential spatial data models to parameterize a landscape‐level hydroecological model (RHESSys). The effects of data model choice are illustrated, both in terms of input parameter distributions and resulting ecophysiological predictions. Predicted productivity varied widely, as a function of both the number of modelling units, and of arbitrary decisions such as the origin of a raster grid. It is therefore important to use as much information about the modelled environment as possible. Combinations of adaptive methods to evaluate distributions of input data, plus knowledge of dominant controls of ecosystem processes, can help evaluate potential representations. In this case, variance‐based delineation of vegetation patches is shown to improve the ability to intelligently choose a patch distribution that minimizes the number of patches, while maintaining a degree of aggregation that does not overly bias the predictions. 相似文献
7.
L. Plank J. E. J. Lovell J. N. McCallum D. Mayer C. Reynolds J. Quick S. Weston O. Titov S. S. Shabala J. Böhm T. Natusch M. Nickola S. Gulyaev 《Journal of Geodesy》2017,91(7):803-817
The AUSTRAL observing program was started in 2011, performing geodetic and astrometric very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) sessions using the new Australian AuScope VLBI antennas at Hobart, Katherine, and Yarragadee, with contribution from the Warkworth (New Zealand) 12 m and Hartebeesthoek (South Africa) 15 m antennas to make a southern hemisphere array of telescopes with similar design and capability. Designed in the style of the next-generation VLBI system, these small and fast antennas allow for a new way of observing, comprising higher data rates and more observations than the standard observing sessions coordinated by the International VLBI Service for Geodesy and Astrometry (IVS). In this contribution, the continuous development of the AUSTRAL sessions is described, leading to an improvement of the results in terms of baseline length repeatabilities by a factor of two since the start of this program. The focus is on the scheduling strategy and increased number of observations, aspects of automated operation, and data logistics, as well as results of the 151 AUSTRAL sessions performed so far. The high number of the AUSTRAL sessions makes them an important contributor to VLBI end-products, such as the terrestrial and celestial reference frames and Earth orientation parameters. We compare AUSTRAL results with other IVS sessions and discuss their suitability for the determination of baselines, station coordinates, source coordinates, and Earth orientation parameters. 相似文献
8.
闪电河流域水循环和能量平衡遥感综合试验 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
赵天杰 施建成 徐红新 孙彦龙 陈德清 崔倩 贾立 黄硕 牛升达 李秀伟 阎广建 陈良富 柳钦火 赵凯 郑兴明 赵利民 郑超磊 姬大彬 熊川 王天星 李睿 潘金梅 闻建光 穆西晗 余超 郑姚闽 蒋玲梅 柴琳娜 卢麾 姚盼盼 马建威 吕海深 武建军 赵伟 杨娜 郭鹏 李玉霞 胡路 耿德源 张子谦 胡建峰 杜爱萍 《遥感学报》2021,25(4):871-887
遥感试验是进行遥感原理的验证、遥感模型与反演方法的发展、遥感产品的真实性检验,推动卫星计划的论证实施及其观测在地球系统科学中应用的重要途径.闪电河流域水循环和能量平衡遥感综合试验以滦河上游闪电河流域为核心试验区,以地球表层系统的水循环过程和能量平衡为研究对象,旨在通过天—空—地—体化的观测手段,针对不同典型地表类型开展... 相似文献
9.
P. J. G. Teunissen 《Journal of Geodesy》2007,81(9):565-579
The prediction of spatially and/or temporal varying variates based on observations of these variates at some locations in
space and/or instances in time, is an important topic in the various spatial and Earth sciences disciplines. This topic has
been extensively studied, albeit under different names. The underlying model used is often of the trend-signal-noise type.
This model is quite general and it encompasses many of the conceivable measurements. However, the methods of prediction based
on these models have only been developed for the case the trend parameters are real-valued. In the present contribution we
generalize the theory of least-squares prediction by permitting some or all of the trend parameters to be integer valued.
We derive the solution for least-squares prediction in linear models with integer unknowns and show how it compares to the
solution of ordinary least-squares prediction. We also study the probabilistic properties of the associated estimation and
prediction errors. The probability density functions of these errors are derived and it is shown how they are driven by the
probability mass functions of the integer estimators. Finally, we show how these multimodal distributions can be used for
constructing confidence regions and for cross-validation purposes aimed at testing the validity of the underlying model.
Dedicated to the memory of Dr. Tech.hc. Torben Krarup (1919–2005). 相似文献
10.
以风云三号（Fengyun 3, FY3）E星（FY3E）全球导航卫星系统(global navigation satellite system, GNSS)掩星探测仪Ⅱ型(the Ⅱ generation of GNSS occultation sounder, GNOSⅡ)的星载GNSS的反射信号(GNSS reflectometry, GNSS-R)遥感场景为例,使用GNSS-R端到端性能模拟器软件,在不同反射天线覆盖（即不同天线波束宽度）和不同安装条件（包括安装天线法向不同的倾斜角度和倾斜方向）下,对可观测镜面反射点(specular point, SP)平均数量、SP最大数量、平均路径损耗、近地轨道(low Earth orbit, LEO)处反射信号入射角和SP处反射信号反射角等物理参量进行了仿真模拟,分析了各GNSS-R仿真参量与天线倾斜角度、倾斜方向和波束宽度之间的数值变化关系;并结合雪花图方法,进行了整体视角的分析。结果表明,天线波束宽度对各仿真参量的影响最大,倾斜角度次之,倾斜方向的影响最小,且天线波束宽度与SP数量成正比,与能量损耗成反比,天线设计需考虑各影响因素的平衡。 相似文献
11.
复数域最小二乘平差及其在POLInSAR植被高反演中的应用 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
传统的测量观测值都是实数,因此测量平差都是在实数空间中进行的。然而,随着科学技术的快速发展,现代测绘领域中出现了一些用复数表示的观测数据。与实数数据一样,这些复数数据同样面临着如何从带有误差的观测值中找出未知量的最佳估计值的问题。但目前涉及复数观测的数据处理时,主要还是依据观测过程,分步或直接解算,不能考虑观测误差、多余观测信息等。针对这一情况,本文介绍了复数域中数据处理的最小二乘方法,试图将测量平差从实数域推广到复数域,并定量研究了两种平差准则的优劣性。为了了解复数域最小二乘的有效性,本文以极化干涉SAR植被高反演为例,建立复数域平差函数模型和随机模型,构建复数域最小二乘法反演植被高。结果表明该算法反演的植被高结果可靠,其精度优于经典植被高反演算法,且计算简单,易于实现。 相似文献
12.
Performance analysis of triple-frequency ambiguity resolution with BeiDou observations 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
We investigate triple-frequency ambiguity resolution performance using real BeiDou data. We test four ambiguity resolution (AR) methods which are applicable to triple-frequency observations. These are least squares ambiguity decorrelation adjustment (LAMBDA), GF-TCAR (geometry-free three-carrier ambiguity resolution), GB-TCAR (geometry-based three-carrier ambiguity resolution) and GIF-TCAR (three-carrier ambiguity resolution based on the geometry-free and ionospheric-free combination). A comparison between LAMBDA, GF-TCAR and GB-TCAR was conducted over three short baselines and two medium baselines. The results indicated that LAMBDA is optimal in both short baseline and medium baseline cases. However, the performances of GB-TCAR and LAMBDA differ slightly for short baselines. Compared with GF-TCAR, which uses the geometry-free model, the GB-TCAR using the geometry-based model improves the AR performance significantly. Compared with dual-frequency observations, the LAMBDA AR results show a significant improvement when using triple-frequency observations over short baselines. The performance of GIF-TCAR is evaluated using multi-epoch observations. The results indicated that multi-path errors on carrier phases will have a significant influence on GIF-TCAR AR results, which leads to different GIF-TCAR AR performance for different type of satellites. For GEO (Geostationary Orbit) satellites, the ambiguities can barely be correctly fixed because the multi-path errors on carrier phases are very systematic. For IGSO (Inclined Geosynchronous Orbit) and MEO (Medium Earth Orbit) satellites, when the elevation cutoff angle is set as 30°, several tens to several hundreds of epochs are needed for correctly fixing the narrow lane ambiguities. The comparison of positioning performance between dual-frequency observations and triple-frequency observations was also conducted. The results indicated that a minor improvement can be achieved by using triple-frequency observations compared with using dual-frequency observations. 相似文献
13.
Surface albedo has been documented as one of the Essential Climate Variables (ECV) of the Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) that governs the Earth's Radiation Budget. The availability of surface albedo data is necessary for a comprehensive environmental modelling study. Thus, both temporal and spatial scale issues need to be rectified. This study reports about the availability of surface albedo data through in-situ and remote sensing satellite observations. In this paper, we reviewed the existing models for surface albedo derivation and various initiatives taken by related environmental agencies in order to understand the issues of climate with respect to surface albedo. This investigation evaluated the major activities on albedo-related research specifically for the retrieval methods used to derive the albedo values. Two main existing albedo measurement methods are derived through in-situ measurement and remotely sensed observations. In-situ measurement supported with number of instruments and techniques such aspyrheliometers, pyranometers and Baseline Surface Radiation Network (BSRN) and remotely sensed observations using angularly integrated Bi-directional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) by both geostationary and polar orbit satellites. The investigation results reveals that the temporal and spatial scaling is the major issues when the albedo values are needed for microclimatic study, i.e. high-resolution time-series analyses and at heterogeneity and impervious surface. Thus, an improved technique of albedo retrieval at better spatial and temporal scale is required to fulfil the need for such kind of studies. Amongst many others, there are two downscaling methods that have been identified to be used in resolving the spatial scaling biased issues: Smoothing Filter-based Intensity Modulation (SFIM) and Pixel Block Intensity Modulation (PBIM). The temporal issues can be resolved using the multiple regression techniques of land surface temperature, selected air quality parameters, aerosol and daily skylight. 相似文献
14.
Validation of GOCE gravity field models by means of orbit residuals and geoid comparisons 总被引：6，自引：3，他引：3
Three GOCE-based gravity field solutions have been computed by ESA’s high-level processing facility and were released to the
user community. All models are accompanied by variance-covariance information resulting either from the least squares procedure
or a Monte-Carlo approach. In order to obtain independent external quality parameters and to assess the current performance
of these models, a set of independent tests based on satellite orbit determination and geoid comparisons is applied. Both
test methods can be regarded as complementary because they either investigate the performance in the long wavelength spectral
domain (orbit determination) or in the spatial domain (geoid comparisons). The test procedure was applied to the three GOCE
gravity field solutions and to a number of selected pre-launch models for comparison. Orbit determination results suggest,
that a pure GOCE gravity field model does not outperform the multi-year GRACE gravity field solutions. This was expected as
GOCE is designed to improve the determination of the medium to high frequencies of the Earth gravity field (in the range of
degree and order 50 to 200). Nevertheless, in case of an optimal combination of GOCE and GRACE data, orbit determination results
should not deteriorate. So this validation procedure can also be used for testing the optimality of the approach adopted for
producing combined GOCE and GRACE models. Results from geoid comparisons indicate that with the 2 months of GOCE data a significant
improvement in the determination of the spherical harmonic spectrum of the global gravity field between degree 50 and 200
can be reached. Even though the ultimate mission goal has not yet been reached, especially due to the limited time span of
used GOCE data (only 2 months), it was found that existing satellite-only gravity field models, which are based on 7 years
of GRACE data, can already be enhanced in terms of spatial resolution. It is expected that with the accumulation of more GOCE
data the gravity field model resolution and quality can be further enhanced, and the GOCE mission goal of 1–2 cm geoid accuracy
with 100 km spatial resolution can be achieved. 相似文献
15.
Improved UT1 predictions through low-latency VLBI observations 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
The quality of predictions of Earth orientation parameters (EOPs) in general, and of Universal Time (UT1) in particular, depends strongly on the time delay between the last observation available and the first prediction. Since 30 September 2007 (MJD 54373), the latency of UT1 results from a subset of single baseline VLBI observations running once per week (Mondays) has been decreased from 2 to 3 days to about 8 h. This was achieved by transmitting the raw VLBI data of 1-h duration from the observing sites in Tsukuba (Japan), Wettzell (Germany) and Ny-Ålesund (Norway) to the correlator of the Max-Planck-Institute for Radio Astronomy and the German Federal Agency of Cartography and Geodesy at Bonn, Germany, by high-speed Internet connections (e-Transfer). The reduced latency of the observations has improved the accuracy of the combined International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service (IERS) Rapid Service/Prediction Center (RS/PC) UT1-UTC solution by roughly 50% on the days when the data are available. Because this combination is an input to the UT1-UTC prediction process, the improved latency is also responsible for a roughly 21% improvement in the accuracy of short-term IERS RS/PC UT1-UTC predictions on the days where the data are available. 相似文献
16.
David Gordon 《Journal of Geodesy》2017,91(7):735-742
The geodetic VLBI community began using VLBA antennas in 1989 for geodesy and astrometry. We examine how usage of the VLBA has improved the celestial reference frame, the terrestrial reference frame, and Earth orientation parameters. Without the VLBA, ICRF2 would have had only 1011 sources instead of 3414. ICRF3 will contain at least 4121 sources, with approximately 70 % or more coming exclusively from VLBA astrometry and geodesy sessions. The terrestrial reference frame is also more stable and precise due to VLBA geodesy sessions. Approximately two dozen geodesy stations that have participated in VLBA sessions show average position formal errors that are \(\sim \)13–14 % better in the horizontal components and \(\sim \)5 % better in the vertical component than would be expected solely from the increased number of observations. Also the Earth orientation parameters obtained from the RDV sessions represent the most accurate EOP series of any of the long-term VLBI session types. 相似文献
17.
农业遥感研究应用进展与展望 总被引：22，自引：0，他引：22
得益于中国自主遥感卫星、无人机遥感和物联网等技术的发展,中国农业遥感研究与应用在过去20年取得了显著进步,中国农业遥感信息获取呈现出天地网一体化的趋势;农业定量遥感在关键参数遥感反演技术方法与应用方面取得进展;作物面积、长势、产量、灾害遥感监测的理论与技术方法取得突破,农业遥感技术应用领域不断拓展。本文从农业遥感信息获取、农业定量遥感、农业灾害遥感、作物遥感识别与制图、作物长势遥感监测与产量预测、农业土地资源遥感等方面对中国农业遥感科研与应用进行了总结综述。 相似文献
18.
目前正处在下一代甚长基线干涉测量（very long baseline interferometry,VLBI）系统的建设时期。利用维也纳VLBI与卫星软件（Vienna VLBI and satellite software,VieVS）解算了2006—2015年的VLBI数据,得到了10 a的地球定向参数（Earth orientation parameters,EOP）时间序列,并与国际地球自转服务机构的结果进行了对比。利用解算结果得到了10 a的日长变化时间序列,通过傅里叶分析得出了日长变化的短周期、半月周期、月周期、半年周期和周年周期,同时还分析得到了极移序列中的周年项和张德勒周期项以及章动改正序列中的自由核章动项。此次解算工作可为武汉大学卫星台站日后的VLBI数据解析积累一定的经验。 相似文献
19.
B. Tapley J. Ries S. Bettadpur D. Chambers M. Cheng F. Condi B. Gunter Z. Kang P. Nagel R. Pastor T. Pekker S. Poole F. Wang 《Journal of Geodesy》2005,79(8):467-478
A new generation of Earth gravity field models called GGM02 are derived using approximately 14 months of data spanning from
April 2002 to December 2003 from the Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment (GRACE). Relative to the preceding generation,
GGM01, there have been improvements to the data products, the gravity estimation methods and the background models. Based
on the calibrated covariances, GGM02 (both the GRACE-only model GGM02S and the combination model GGM02C) represents an improvement
greater than a factor of two over the previous GGM01 models. Error estimates indicate a cumulative error less than 1 cm geoid
height to spherical harmonic degree 70, which can be said to have met the GRACE minimum mission goals.
Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available in the online version of this article at 相似文献
20.
Summary The procedure for computing Earth orientation parameters (EOPs) implemented by the Subbureau for Rapid Service and Prediction of the International Earth Rotational Service (IERS) is described. This scheme involves the use of weighted cubic splines and provides smoothing of observations consistent with the agreement between contributed data sets. 相似文献