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1.
Two new mites from the rocky shore of North Auckland   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  
Hydrogamasus kensleri n.sp. and Fortuynia elamellata n.sp. are described from rock crevices on the upper shore at three localities in North Auckland. The taxonomic relationships of Fortuynia, and the zoogeographical relationships of the known littoral cryptostigmatic mites of New Zealand are briefly discussed.  相似文献   

2.
Thirteen new species of benthic calanoid copepods are described from depths of 1,184–1,697 m off New Zealand. Seven species belong to previously described aetideid genera (Bradyidius—four spp., Comantenna—one sp., Pseudeuchaeta—two spp.) and the remainder represent new genera in three families: Aetideidae—three genera, four spp.; Arietellidae—one genus and sp.; Bathypontiidae—one genus and sp.  相似文献   

3.
台湾海峡花水母亚纲新种和新组合记述   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：4  
经研究台湾海峡花水母亚纲有7个新种:长柄高手水母(Bougainvillia longistyla n.sp)、十字八束水母(Koellikerina staurogaster n.sp.)、无手单肢水母(Nubiella atentaculata n.sp.)、江阴隔膜水母(Leuckartiara jianyinensis n.sp.)、漂浮隔膜水母(L.neustona n.sp.)、钝海帽水母(Halitiara obtusus n.sp.)、顶拟海帽水母(Halitiarella apicea n.sp.)和2个新组合:细潜水母(Merga minutum(Xu,Huang and Chen,1991))transl.nor.大囊镰螅水母(Zanclea macrocystae(Xu,Huang and Chen 1991))transl.nov.对螅芽拟镰螅水母(Teissiera polypofera(Xu,Huangand Chen,1991))重新描绘并讨论其分类位置.增补了锥胃内胞水母(Euphysilla pyramidata(Kramp,1955))在胃壁上具有水母芽的图.  相似文献   

4.
Six species of Rhyacodrilinae (Oligochaeta: Tubificidae) are reported from intertidal and shallow water subtidal habitats around Hainan Island in southern China. Four species are new to science: Ainudrilus pauciseta n. sp., Heterodrilus chenianus n. sp., Heterodrilus nudus n. sp., and Heterodrilus uniformis n. sp. Japanese material of Ainudrilus lutulentus (Erséus, 1984) is also briefly described. Hitherto, 27 species belonging to Tubificidae have been recorded from Hainan.  相似文献   

5.
Eight new species of copepods associated with shallow-water ascidians are described from the eastern coast of Korea. They are Ascidicola secundus n. sp. from a Pyura sp., Enteropsis nudus n. sp. from Pyura sacciformis (Drasche), Mycophilus capillatus n. sp. from a compound ascidian, Bonnierilla yangpoensis n. sp. from Phallusia cf. nigra Savigny, Janstockia truncata n. sp. from Chelyosoma siboja Oka, Pholeterides pilosa n. sp. from a compound ascidian, Pachypygus spinosus n. sp. from a solitary ascidian, and Paranotodelphys unguifer n. sp. from Ascidia samea Oka.  相似文献   

6.
Eight species of Pycnogonida collected by University of Canterbury Expeditions and the New Zealand Oceanographic Institute are recorded from the Snares Islands, which lie at 48° 05’ S, 166° 20’ E, 60 miles SW of South Cape, Stewart Island. The following species are recorded: Pallenopsis obliqua (Thomson, 1884), Cheilopallene trappa n.sp., Ammothea magniceps Thomson, 1884, Achelia dohrni (Thomson, 1884), Tanystylum cavidorsum Stock, 1957, Ascorhynchus insularum n.sp., Austrodecus minutum n.sp. and Austrodecus enzoi n.sp.  相似文献   

7.
Preliminary diagnoses are given of Urothoe wellingtonensis n.sp. (Family Haustoriidae), Paraphoxus spinibasus n.sp., and P. chelatus n.sp. (Family Phoxocephalidae).  相似文献   

8.
Five new species of the family Lichomolgidae associated with solitary ascidians are described from the east coast of Korea. Two new genera are proposed: Protomolgus n. gen. to incorpotate Protomolgus duplex n. sp. and P. singularis n. sp., and Dontimolgus n. gen. to incorporate Dontimolgus brevicaudatus n. sp. Protomolgus n. gen. characteristically has a four-segmented female maxilliped and a bipartite mandible. Dontimolgus n. gen. possesses a large, tooth-like process on the first maxillary segment and three spines on the third exopodal segment of leg 3. Other two new species described are Lichomolgus infirmus n. sp. and L. pectinatus n. sp.  相似文献   

9.
Processes underlying the temporal and spatial variations observed in the distribution of jellyfish and non‐gelatinous zooplankton in the Gulf of Oman are not well understood. This information gap is clearly a major issue in controlling the harmful blooms of jellyfish and non‐gelatinous zooplankton. Samples of jellyfish and non‐gelatinous zooplankton were collected from six stations in Chabahar Bay and three stations in Pozm Bay within four seasons. At each station, environmental variables were also recorded from bottom and surface water. A total of 83 individuals of medusae representing four species of Scyphozoa (i.e., Cyanea nozakii, Chrysaora sp., Pelagia noctiluca, Catostylus tagi) and species of Hydrozoa (i.e., Diphyes sp., Rhacostoma sp., Aequorea spp.) were observed in the study area. A total of 70,727.25 individuals/m?3 of non‐gelatinous zooplankton dominated by copepods and cladocerans were collected in nine stations within the four seasons. The results of a RELATE analysis yielded no significant association between species composition for jellyfish and non‐gelatinous zooplankton. Among environmental variables, water transparency, nitrite concentration, water depth and temperature were better associated with the total variation in jellyfish species composition than with that of non‐gelatinous zooplankton. Dissolved oxygen, pH, and phosphate concentration were significant environmental variables associated with the variation in the spatial and temporal distribution patterns of non‐gelatinous zooplankton assemblages. Although some jellyfish species (i.e., Rhacostoma sp., Pelagia noctiluca, Catostylus tagi) occur independently of non‐gelatinous zooplankton assemblages, other jellyfish (i.e., Chrysaora sp., Aequorea spp., Cyanea nozakii, Diphyes sp.) are strongly correlated with non‐gelatinous zooplankton assemblages.  相似文献   

10.
Four asterozoans—Ophidiaster confertus H. L. Clark, Acanthaster sp., Axiognathus squamata (Delle Chiaje), and Ophioplocus imbricatus (Muller and Troschel) taken near Norfolk Island are new records for this poorly known locality.  相似文献   

11.
Two new species of Pseudostomella from North Stradbroke Island, Australia, P. klauserae n. sp. and P. megapalpator n. sp., are characterised by scaled triancres, cuticular structures that until now were known only from one other member of the genus. The structure of the scaled triancres in both species is new: the triancre base is diamond‐ or triangular‐shaped with three shafts that arise to form feather‐like scales. P. klauserae n. sp. is characterised by scales arising from a diamond‐shaped triancre base, the distribution of cephalic papillae, and the abundance and distribution of anterior and lateral adhesive tubes. P. megapalpator n. sp. is distinguished by scales arising from a rounded‐triangular triancre base, large dorsal, digitiform papillae, and ventral adhesive tubes. The presence of two new species with scaled triancres allows for the formation of a novel species complex within the genus. An amended key to the species is included.  相似文献   

12.
Although copper (Cu) is an essential element for life, leaching from boat paint can cause excess environmental loading in enclosed marinas. The effects of copper contamination on benthic macrofaunal communities were examined in three San Diego Bay marinas (America's Cup, Harbor Island West and East) in Southern California, USA. The distribution of Cu concentration in sediments exhibited a clear spatial gradient, with hotspots created by the presence of boats, which in two marinas exceeded the effect range medium (ERM). Elevated sediment Cu was associated with differences in benthic assemblages, reduced species richness and enhanced dominance in America's Cup and Harbor Island West, whereas Harbor Island East did not appear to be affected. At sites without boats there were greater abundances of some amphipods such as the species Desdimelita sp., Harpinia sp., Aoroides sp., Corophium sp., Podocerus sp., bivalves such as Lyonsia californica, Musculista senhousia, Macoma sp., and polychaetes such as Diplocirrus sp. In contrast, at sites with boats, densities of Pseudopolydora paucibranchiata, Polydora nuchalis, Euchone limnicola, Exogone lourei, Tubificoides spp. were enhanced. The limited impact on Harbor Island East suggests not only lower Cu input rates and increased water flushing and mixing, but also the presence of adequate defense mechanisms that regulate availability and mitigate toxic impacts. At all three marinas, Cu in tissues of several macrobenthic species exhibited Cu bioaccumulation above levels found in the surrounding environment. The annelids Lumbrineris sp. and Tubificoides spp., and the amphipod Desdimelita sp. contained high levels of Cu, suggesting they function as Cu bioaccumulators. The spionid polychaetes Polydora nuchalis and Pseudopolydora paucibranchiata had much lower Cu concentrations than surrounding sediments, suggesting they function as Cu bioregulators. The macrobenthic invertebrates in San Diego Bay marinas that tolerate Cu pollution (e.g. P. nuchalis, P. paucibranchiata, Euchone limnicola, Typosyllis sp., Tubificoides sp.) may function as indicators of high‐Cu conditions, whereas the presence of Cu‐sensitive species (e.g. Podocerus sp., Aoroides sp., Harpinia sp., Macoma sp., Lyonsia californica) may indicate healthier conditions (less Cu‐stressed). Parallel responses by faunas of Shelter Island Yacht Basin, also in San Diego Bay, suggest potential for development of regional Cu contamination assessment criteria, and call for functional comparisons with other marinas and coastal water bodies.  相似文献   

13.
磺胺类、四环素、喹诺酮类和多粘菌素抗生素是医学与养殖业中的常用抗生素,其中多粘菌素在畜牧养殖业中常作为促长剂添加。调查分析了这4类抗生素的常见耐药基因在东海温州近海水域的分布情况。利用抗性平板筛选温州近海水域对磺胺类、四环素类及喹诺酮类抗生素耐药的可培养细菌分离株,对耐药分离株通过PCR方法进行目标耐药基因检测;对目标耐药基因阳性的耐药分离株进行多粘菌素耐药基因MCR检测以及采用微量二倍稀释法测定对上述4类抗生素的耐药性。结果表明,利用抗性平板筛选获得可培养耐药分离株1 605株,从中筛选到目标耐药基因阳性的51株,检出率为3.18%,包括含磺胺类耐药基因35株、含四环素耐药基因36株、含喹诺酮耐药基因17株、含多粘菌素耐药基因2株; 51株耐药菌归于7个菌属,其中气单胞菌属(Aeromonas sp.) 43株,占比84.31%,枸橼酸杆菌属(Citrobacter sp.)和希瓦氏菌属(Shewanella sp.)各2株,埃希氏菌属(Escherichia sp.)、类芽孢杆菌属(Paenibacillus sp.)、Thalassobius sp.及Amphritea sp.各1株;上述2株非常见分离株不统计在内,常见的49株均对四环素耐药, 41株对多粘菌素耐药,对磺胺类和喹诺酮类耐药的分离株均为34株;同时,发现23株对4类抗生素均产生耐药, 16株对多达3种抗生素耐药,多重耐药现象普遍存在。同时,鉴定出MCR-3阳性的条件致病菌维氏气单胞菌和豚鼠气单胞菌各1株。综上,温州市近海水域中含有常见耐药基因的耐药分离株检出率较低,但同一耐药基因的细菌分布多样,对磺胺类、四环素类、喹诺酮类及多粘菌素类等4类抗生素表现出较强的耐药性,多重耐药现象明显。研究结果将为评估温州近海水域的细菌耐药性风险,规范抗生素的使用提供科学依据。  相似文献   

14.
长江口及其邻近海域水螅水母纲新种和新记录记述   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：4  
长江口及其邻近海域水螅水母纲有49种,隶属于26科,34属,其中有2个新种:瓣高手水母(Bougainvillia lamellata n.sp.)、单管玛拉水母(Malagazzia monocanalis n.sp.)和2种我国新记录:橙黄高手水母(Bougainvillia aurantiaca Bouillon,1980)、玫瑰太阳水母[Solmaris rhodolma(Brandt,1838)],此外,我国记载的束状高手水母[Bougainvillia ramosa(van Beneden,1844)]订正为鳞茎高手水母(B.muscus(Allman,1863)).  相似文献   

15.
Pycnogonida collected at the Antipodes Islands (49° 45’ S, 178° 45’ E) by the University of Canterbury Antipodes Islands Expedition 1969 and during New Zealand Oceanographic Institute cruises are reported on here, and constitute all material known for this group of animals from these islands. To date eight species are known; two are endemic, (Pallenopsis antipoda n.sp. and Ammothea antipodensis n.sp.); two constitute a circum‐polar element (Tanystylum cayi‐dorsum Stock and Austrodecus breviceps Gordon); the remaining four species are known also from New Zealand mainland waters (Pallenopsis obliqua (Thomson), P. kupei n.sp., Achelia dohrni (Thomson) and Ammothea magniceps Thomson), as is T. cavidorsum. An attempt is made to indicate the range of variation in Achelia dohrni, and Pallenopsis mauii Clark, 1958 is redescribed although not a part of the Antipodes Islands fauna.  相似文献   

16.
Methyl halides (monohalomethanes), especially methyl bromide, are known to contribute significantly to ozone destruction in the stratosphere. Budgets of natural and anthropogenic methyl bromide suggest that marine organisms may be the source of a significant proportion of the total global production. Since phytoplankton are abundant in surface waters, they are obvious candidates. Cultures of nine phytoplankton species were grown in CO2-enriched, nitrate-limited medium in sealed glass vessels. Species tested include Chaetoceros calcitrans, Isochrysis sp., Porphyridium sp., Synechococcus sp., Phaeodactylum tricornutum, Tetraselmis sp., Prorocentrum sp., Emiliania huxleyi and Phaeocystis sp. Methyl bromide (CH3Br) and methyl chloride (CH3Cl) concentrations were determined by bubbling the cultures with high-purity air, cryotrapping the effluent and analyzing it on a gas chromatograph with an electron capture detector. The Phaeocystis sp. samples were monitored with GCMS. Cell population, bacterial population, Chl a, pH, and nitrate concentration were monitored for periods of at least two weeks. CH3Cl was produced by all cultures. CH3Br was absent in Tetraselmis sp. and Isochrysis sp. cultures, but present in all the others. Methyl iodide (CH3I) was present in most cultures but could not be quantified due to analytical limitations. CH3I and CH3Br production was fastest in stationary phase and continued long after cell division had ceased. Axeic cultures of Phaeocystis sp. achieved almost identical production rates of CH3Cl and CH3Br as xenic cultures of the same species. Species from tropical waters had faster CH3Cl and CH3Br production rates than temperate species. Scaling the observed production rates using global standing stock estimates for Chl a and particulate nitrogen indicate that phytoplankton can account for only a fraction of the CH3Cl and CH3Br believed to be produced in the ocean. Calculations based on the estimated global biomass of Phaeocystis sp. and E. huxleyi blooms show that their contribution is insignificantly small.  相似文献   

17.
Runanga wairoa n.sp., a deep sea amphipod, is described from a female specimen collected in deeper waters to the east of New Zealand. Features that distinguish it from R. coxalis Barnard are noted.  相似文献   

18.
Densities of major meiofaunal taxa were investigated at 34 sampling stations during six cruises by R/V Beidou to the southern Yellow Sea, China from 2000 to 2004, and the community structure of free-living marine nematodes was studied during one of the cruises in 2003. Meiofauna abundance ranged from 487.4 to 1655.3 individuals per 10 cm2. Nematodes and harpacticoid copepods were the two most dominant groups, contributing 73.8–92.8% and 3.5–18.7%, respectively, to the total meiofauna abundance. One-way ANOVA showed no significant annual fluctuation of meiofauna and nematode abundances from 2000 to 2004 in the southern Yellow Sea. However, two-way ANOVA based on six stations sampled in 4 years (2001–2004) showed that there were significant differences among the six stations and the 4 sampling years for meiofauna, nematode and copepod abundance. Correlation analysis demonstrated that meiofauna abundance was mainly linked to chloroplastic pigments. Other environmental factors could not be ruled out, however. A total of 232 free-living marine nematode species, belonging to 149 genera, 35 families and 4 orders, were identified. The dominant species in the sampling area were the following: Dorylaimopsis rabalaisi, Microlaimus sp.1, Prochromadorella sp., Promonohystera sp., Cobbia sp.1, Daptonema sp.1, Leptolaimus sp.1, Halalaimus sp.2, Aegialoalaimus sp., Chromadorita sp., Parodontophora marina, Parasphaerolaimus paradoxus, Quadricoma sp.1, Campylaimus sp.1, Halalaimus gracilis, Paramesacanthion sp.1, Paramonohystera sp.1, and Metalinhomoeus longiseta. CLUSTER and SIMPROF analyses revealed three main types of nematode community (or station groups) in the sampling area, including I: coastal community, II: transitory community between coastal and YSCWM (Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass), and III: YSCWM community. Each community was indicated by a number of dominant nematode species. Bio-Env correlation analysis between the nematode community and environmental variables showed that water depth, sediment water content, organic matter, chlorophyll a (Chl-a) and phaeophorbide a (Pha-a) were the most important factors to determine the community structure.  相似文献   

19.
The Arabian Sea is subject to intense seasonality resulting from biannual monsoons, which lead to associated large particulate fluxes and an abundance of organic carbon, a potential food source at the seafloor for benthic detritivores. We used the stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen alongside lipid analyses to examine potential food sources (particulate and sedimentary organic matter, POM and SOM respectively) in order to determine trophic linkages for the twelve most abundant megafaunal species (Pontocaris sp., Solenocera sp., Munidopsis aff. scobina, Actinoscyphia sp., Actinauge sp., Echinoptilum sp., Pennatula aff. grandis, Astropecten sp. Amphiura sp. Ophiura euryplax, Phormosoma placenta and Hyalinoecia sp.) at the Pakistan Margin between 140 and 1400 m water depth. This transect spans a steep gradient in oxygen concentrations and POM flux. Ranges of δ13C and δ15N values were narrow in POM and SOM (4‰ and 2‰ for δ13C and δ15N, respectively) with little evidence of temporal variability. Labile lipid compounds in SOM originating from phytoplankton did exhibit seasonal change in their concentrations at the shallowest sites, 140 and 300 m. Benthic megafauna had broad ranges in δ13C and δ15N (>10‰ and >8‰ for δ13C and δ15N, respectively) suggesting they occupy several trophic levels and utilize a variety of food sources. There is evidence for feeding niche separation between and within trophic groups. Lipid biomarkers in animal tissues indicate a mixture of food sources originating from both phytoplankton (C20:5(n-3) and C22:6(n-3)) and invertebrate prey (C20:1 and C22:1). Biomarkers originating from phytodetritus are conserved through trophic transfer to the predator/scavengers. Six species (Pontocaris sp., Solenocera sp., Actinoscyphia sp., Echinoptilum sp., Amphiura sp. and Hyalinoecia sp.) showed a significant biochemical response to the seasonal supply of food and probably adapt their trophic strategy to low food availability. Biotransformation of assimilated lipids by megafauna is evident from polyunsaturated fatty acid distributions, for example, Echinoptilum sp. converts C20:5(n-3) to C24:6(n-3).  相似文献   

20.
The parasite faunas of tarakihi Cheilodactylus macropterus (Bloch & Schneider) from East Cape, Tasman Bay, and the Chatham Islands were compared. A total of seven parasite species were found of which four were recorded in tarakihi for the first time: Nybelinea sp., Hepatoxylon trichiuri (Holten), Echinorhynchus sp. and Clavellodes sp. The last two of these were new records for New Zealand. The other parasites were: Contracaecum sp., Anisakis sp. and Aethon garricki Hewitt. The nematode Anisakis sp. and the copepods Aethon garricki Hewitt and Clavellodes sp. were the commonest parasites.

Incidence and intensity of Anisakis sp. were high off the Chatham Islands, moderate off East Cape, and low in Tasman Bay. These differences in infestation were truly regional and were only partially caused by differences in age composition of the fish samples. Intensity of infestation with Anisakis sp. was related to age of fish off the Chatham Islands, but not in the other two areas, and this probably reflects regional differences in the diet of the tarakihi.

Incidence of Clavellodes sp. was low in Tasman Bay. This parasite was absent from the other two areas, which either may indicate a true regional difference in the distribution of the parasite or may be caused by differences in the age composition of the samples.

Incidence of Aethon garricki was moderate in Tasman Bay and off East Cape, but this parasite did not occur in the Chatham Islands tarakihi. Thus, tarakihi populations from three widely separated areas differed from each other in the incidence and intensity of at least one of the three commonest parasites.  相似文献   

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