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1.
Geostrophic currents derived from oceanic density measurements north and south of the subtropical convergence east of New Zealand 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
R. A. Heath 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(4):659-677
Temperature and salinity observations at 17 stations off the east coast of New Zealand are presented. Geostrophic current stations just north of the Subtropical Convergence suggest the presence of an anticyclonic eddy similar to but east of that found by Garner in the period February‐March 1963 (Garner 1967). Ridgway (in press) has suggested that eddies formed at East Cape proceed down the east coast of the North Island of New Zealand giving rise to the East Cape Current. It is proposed here that these eddies move east after leaving the coast in the vinicity of the southern limit of the Hikurangi Trench. 相似文献
2.
H. K. Schminke 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(4):457-462
This paper deals with Bathynellacea collected by Entomology Division, DSIR, in 1972–73 by pumping water from wells and bores in different parts of New Zealand. Notobathynella longipes sp. n. is described from wells in Motueka (South Island). The distribution of the New Zealand Parabathynellidae is discussed briefly. 相似文献
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Elliot W. Dawson 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(2):126-140
The problem of New Zealand‐Antarctic faunal relationships is discussed on the basis of echinoderm distribution. The limitations of the data upon which past zoogeographical speculations have been based are pointed out. Macquarie Island (occupying an intermediate geographical position between the New Zealand Plateau and the Antarctic) shows definite relationships with New Zealand, and the submarine Macquarie Ridge may have provided a connecting migration route. However, only four species of echinoderms are shared between the Ross Sea‐Balleny Islands area (the New Zealand sector of the Antarctic Region) and the New Zealand Pliateau‐Macquarie Island area (the New Zealand Region). Although the as yet unsampled part of the Macquarie‐Balleny Ridge may reveal other faunal similarities, the present systematic sampling has made possible a sounder understanding of the zoogeographical affinities of the two regions. 相似文献
4.
ABSTRACT Determining the genetic structure and population dynamics of harvested species are key aspects of effective fisheries management. New Zealand scampi (Metanephrops challengeri) is a species of nethropid lobster that supports a commercial fishery on the continental shelf and slope around New Zealand. To determine the genetic structure and historical population demography of New Zealand scampi, we sequenced a 623 base-pair fragment of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit one (CO1) from 321 individuals across six widely separated sites off the coast of mainland New Zealand and the subantarctic Auckland Islands, representing much of the species’ distribution. The Auckland Islands population was found to be genetically distinct from all other sampled populations, potentially resulting from an absence of continuous suitable habitat between the central-eastern South Island and the Auckland Islands. An isolation-by-distance pattern of genetic structure was also detected. With the exception of the Mercury Islands, all sampled populations showed signs of recent population expansion, potentially linked to changes in habitat availability during the glacial-interglacial cycles of the Pleistocene. We recommend that the current NZ scampi management areas and harvesting rates for each remain unchanged. 相似文献
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The range of the Australian bonito, Sarda australis (Macleay, 1880), previously known only from eastern Australia and Norfolk Island, is now extended to include New Zealand. Data on two specimens examined from northern New Zealand are presented. 相似文献
6.
《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2012,46(1):1-23
ABSTRACTIn contrast to previous reports that leopard seals (Hydrurga leptonyx) are rare vagrants to New Zealand, we show that this species is a regular member of the marine fauna of this region. We present a first analysis from the New Zealand Leopard Seal Database – an extensive collation of 2,711 records of leopard seals within New Zealand between 1200 and 2018. Of these records, 51.2% (n?=?1,408) were photographic. Leopard seal sightings have increased over time and been reported in all seasons and regions of New Zealand. Sightings are predominantly of adult individuals of good or excellent body condition, which differs to previous hypotheses suggesting that leopard seals visiting New Zealand shores are primarily juvenile animals in poor health condition. A total of 176 unique individuals have been identified in the New Zealand Leopard Seal Catalogue between 2014 and 2018 and preliminary results indicate that numbers per annum have continued to increase over time. Three leopard seal births and a number of juvenile animals (34% of the NZ records) have been documented. Considering the information presented here and the current definitions in the New Zealand Threat Classification System, the threat status of leopard seals within New Zealand waters should be reclassified from Vagrant to Resident. 相似文献
7.
Xenophyophores are a group of giant, but extremely fragile, rhizopod protozoans generally found at lower bathyal or abyssal depths. Recent dredge samples and photographs suggest that there is a largely endemic fauna of xenophyophores with anastomosing branches living at upper bathyal depths around New Zealand. Their distribution may be related to the layer of Antarctic Intermediate water that bathes the upper slope of the New Zealand Plateau. Photographs of the seafloor at depths of 800–1300 m on the Lord Howe Rise show hemispherical masses, 5 cm across, of which the majority appear to be Syringammina tasmanensis Lewis, 1966 and at least one specimen may be Reticulammina lamellata Tendal, 1972. The photographs indicate that these species live on the seabed, not beneath it, that they are probably filter feeders and that they can reach a density of about one specimen per square metre. A new species, Reticulammina maini, is described from the continental slope east of Auckland. A key to the New Zealand species of xenophyophore is presented. 相似文献
8.
Penelope A. Luckens 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(3):259-276
The distribution of samples containing the lucinid Divaricella (Divalucina) huttoniana (Vanatta) from the continental shelf of the North, South, Stewart and Chatham Islands (New Zealand) in the New Zealand Oceanographic Institute collection is discussed in relation to published records and museum collections. The paucity of living specimens and large shells in shelf samples contrasts with beach collections, and is partly related to sampling problems close inshore off sandy beaches. Southern distributional limits are probably related to winter temperatures on the sea floor. 相似文献
9.
D. A. Robertson 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(3):411-415
Plankton samples taken in the south‐western Pacific Ocean and the Tasman Sea have provided, for the first time in these waters, a series of individuals of the gonostomatid Diplophos rebainsi. Observations are presented on some of the prejuvenile and adult features and on the seasonal distribution of prejuveniles off New Zealand. 相似文献
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Anthony Raphael Davidson William Rayment Steve M Dawson Trudi Webster Elisabeth Slooten 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2018,52(3):372-382
Southern right whales (Eubalaena australis) were widespread in New Zealand waters before commercial whaling in the nineteenth century caused drastic declines in their abundance and distribution. Following the cessation of whaling, the population has been recovering and is now slowly recolonising its former range. Estimates of population demographics, including reproductive output, are essential for predicting the trajectory of this population. We gathered photo-identification data on female southern right whales during annual field trips to the Auckland Islands, the principal calving area in New Zealand waters. Forty-five calving intervals were observed between 2006 and 2013 (mean interval?=?3.31 years, 95% CI?=?3.06–3.57). Incorporating the effects of possible missed calving events produced a plausible range of mean calving intervals from 3.17 to 3.31 years. Our results suggest that the calving interval of New Zealand southern right whales is similar to that found in populations elsewhere. 相似文献
12.
Craig B. Kensler 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(4):412-420
Two species of spiny lobsters (marine crayfish) inhabit New Zealand waters: Jasus edwardsii (Hutton, 1875), and J verreauxi (H. Milne Edwards, 1851). J edwardsii, the more common species, is present along most rocky coastlines in New Zealand, but is more abundant in the south‐west of the South Island and at the Chatham Islands. The species apparently reaches its northern limit of distribution at the Three Kings Islands (34°S) and its southern limit at the Auckland Islands (51°S). J. verreauxi, the less common species, is almost solely restricted in New Zealand waters to the north‐east coast of the North Island. It is uncommon in the west and the south of the North Island, and is rare in the South Island. J. verreauxi apparently reaches its northern limit of distribution at the Kermadec Islands (31°S), and its southern limit near Bluff (47°S) in the South Island. 相似文献
13.
R. M. McDowall 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(4):673-682
The poeciliid fish, Phalloceros caudimaculatus (commonly referred to as the “caudo"), is recorded from the wild for the first time, occurring in stock‐water troughs on a farm near Kamo in Northland, New Zealand. The populations in the stock troughs reputedly came from a nearby stream c. 10 years ago, although a preliminary search has failed to reveal them to be there now. Presence of an additional exotic fish in New Zealand fresh waters is a matter for concern, and requires management. To facilitate recognition off. caudimaculatus, and its distinction from other poeciliids present here, a diagnosis is provided to enable identification, together with notes on natural history, and a key for the identification of the five species of Poeciliidae now known from natural waters in New Zealand. 相似文献
14.
I. W. Keyes 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(4):381-390
Records of Tertiary fossil cetacea from New Zealand are revised. Probable proto‐squalodontid teeth from the McDonald Limestone Formation (Whaingaroan Stage, Lower Oligocene), Oamaru, are described, and represent the oldest cetacean remains found in New Zealand. This record demonstrates the probable extension of the Squalodontidae into the Lower Oligocene. 相似文献
15.
Basil R. Stanton 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(3):645-654
In the region between 30°S and northern New Zealand, vertical salinity profiles through the core of the Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) show a high degree of spatial and temporal variability, and this variability is much larger than that found in nearby ocean areas. Characteristic features are interleaving of salinity layers and large changes in the salinity minimum between adjacent stations. Quantifying the changes through the calculation of an intrusion index highlights the degree of variability and the importance of boundary mixing along the New Zealand slope. However, the main cause of the variability is the meeting and mixing of higher salinity AAIW, arriving from the north‐west (having travelled around the subtropical gyre) with lower salinity AAIW arriving by more direct entry from the north‐east. These waters meet in the region through the action of the meso‐scale eddy field. Present data indicate that where strong salinity interleaving occurs, the length scales are of the order of 10 km and the time scales are of the order of a few days. Resolution of the processes at work will require studies on finer scales than presently available. 相似文献
16.
Metazoan meiofauna (e.g., nematodes, benthic copepods) play important roles in deep-sea sediment communities, but information as basic as standing stocks is not known for much of the world ocean. We therefore sampled six stations: one near the 2700-m isobath and one near the 3700-m isobath off northern, central, and southern California. We counted benthic copepods, both Desmoscolecidae and nondesmoscolecid nematodes, kinorhynchs, nauplii, and ostracods from multiple-corer samples. Nematodes from our 2700-m and 3700-m stations, and ostracods and nauplii from our 3700-m stations, were unusually abundant compared to those from other stations from comparable depths in the Pacific.Off California, the abundances of benthic copepods, kinorhynchs, and nondesmoscolecids at the 2700-m stations were significantly greater than those at the 3700-m stations. Abundance of benthic copepods was correlated with the percentage of medium sand in the sediment, so sediment texture could be important to them. That of kinorhynchs was correlated with the concentration of chloroplastic-pigment equivalents and percentage nitrogen, so consumable material from the euphotic zone could be important to them. In contrast to the usual pattern of decreasing abundance with depth, Desmoscolecidae abundance in the central region was greater at the 3700-m than at the 2700-m station.The three regions differed significantly in both kinorhynch and ostracod abundances, independently of depth. In the food-poor deep sea, animals are expected to be more abundant where food is plentiful. Unexpectedly, ostracod abundance was negatively correlated with all food variables. A possible explanation is that the natural enemies of ostracods are abundant where food is abundant.Multivariate faunal similarity at 2700 m differed significantly from that at 3700 m, independently of regions. Benthic copepods were most responsible for the difference. Regions also differed in multivariate faunal similarity independently of depth. In general, faunal similarity is expected to decrease as separation distance increases, but unexpectedly, the northern- and southern-region faunas were more similar to each other than to the central-region fauna. Kinorhynchs were most responsible for this pattern. 相似文献
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D. A. Robertson 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(2):311-328
The seasonality and distribution, abundance, and hydrological affinities of the planktonic stages of the sternoptychid Maurolicus muelleri (Grnelin, 1788) are described for the New Zealand region. Spawning occurred from August to March, and the planktonic stages were widespread around New Zealand. Spawning probably takes place around midday at depths greater than 250 m. Eggs and larval stages were present over temperature ranges of 9.0–15.5°c and 13–22°c respectively. 相似文献
19.
Five bryozoan species were encountered in a 15‐day survey of freshwater habitats in New Zealand. Listed in order of decreasing frequency these were: Fredericella sultana, Plumatella repens, P. emarginata, Paludicella articulata, and one plumatellid species not previously described. Micro‐structural features of the floatoblast annulus separate the P. repens specimens into two distinct varieties, named here P. repens typica and P. repens rugosa. Paludicella, reported almost 100 years ago from the City of Dunedin waterworks, was still found only in a single reservoir of that city. Species distribution did not correlate significantly with water temperature, current velocity, pH, or total dissolved solids. Two additional species believed to occur in New Zealand, Fredericella australiensis and Plumatella fungosa, were not seen in this brief survey. An identification key is provided for New Zealand bryozoans. 相似文献
20.
Diadromous fish species dominate the New Zealand freshwater fish fauna and make up 15 of the 17 native fish species found on the Taranaki Ring Plain. Trajectories of occurrence in relation to elevation and distance from the sea are described for 11 diadromous and 2 non‐diadromous species using data from the New Zealand Freshwater Fish Database and data collected over the summer of 1997/ 98. Distinctive distributions were found for most of the species related to their differing migratory strategies and abilities. The species were ranked based on components of these trajectories to compare their penetrative ability. Comparison of the ranking methods used revealed they produced similar results. The ranking of the 11 diadromous species in Taranaki relative to each other revealed similar rankings to those for the same species from the West Coast of the South Island. The non‐migratory native fish, Cran's bully (Gobiomorphus basalis), was not found on the western side of the mountain. This distribution is thought to be the result of the local extinction of non‐migratory species in high gradient or unstable streams. 相似文献