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对传统村庄景观格局进行准确检测和分析,由于人工调查费时费力,且导出的数据往往主观、定性且单调,在分析理解其社会文化环境和人与自然的关系时难以发挥关键作用。以河北某古村落为研究背景,探讨了基于低空无人机获取的遥感数据对其空间格局进行测量和分析的方法,建立了四级分层景观识别方案和相应的景观类别规制,使用面向对象的图像分析方法(OBIA)和机器学习分类器构建三级分类模型。经过交叉验证,该模型准确且稳定,最终提取了该村庄五个主要遗产景观元素,基于距离统计和聚类分析,揭示了目标景观的空间格局特征和分布差异。 相似文献
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胡最 《地球信息科学学报》2020,22(5):1083-1094
传统聚落是民族传统文化遗产的重要组成部分,对社会经济和文化建设具有重要的价值。针对现有研究缺乏探讨传统聚落景观基因（简称景观基因）蕴藏的地理信息特征及理解方法,论文从以下方面开展了深入分析：① 地理信息包含了语义描述、几何形态、属性特征、维度、时空框架、尺度、要素相互关系（空间关联）、演化过程（存在状态）等属性;② 景观基因是一种特殊的文化因子,蕴含着丰富的哲理,是认识传统聚落特征的分析方法,也是文化符号的集合;③ 景观基因包含了空间定位、载体特征、历史与文化特征等丰富的地理信息。根据前述分析结果,论文从符号化、数据挖掘、谱系分析与空间格局制图等途径系统地探讨了景观基因地理信息特征的理解方法。论文认为：在地理时空大数据与地理服务日益深化发展的背景下,结合GIS原理探讨景观基因的地理信息特征对于延伸地理信息科学的内涵,深化传统聚落的地学认识,促进人文GIS的发展具有积极的意义,今后应该继续加强相关方法探索。 相似文献
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传统聚落集聚了大量的古代建筑和民俗等传统文化资源,以其突出的历史、文化和艺术等价值而备受关注,提取其丰富的历史文化信息并服务于现代产业发展具有积极的意义。针对当前尚缺乏从地理知识提取和表达视角对传统聚落丰富的历史文化信息进行知识抽取、组织和表达,进而实现“数据-信息-知识-智慧”转换这一问题,本文提出传统聚落景观基因本体（Geographic Ontology of Cultural Landscape Genes of Traditional Settlements, GeoOnto-CLGTS）,并探索传统聚落景观基因的内在关联特征。首先,结合地理信息本体和传统聚落景观基因特征分析了GeoOnto-CLGTS的概念及表达方法,并提出GeoOnto-CLGTS模型的构建方法。其次,结合七步法的地理信息本体建模方法,梳理景观基因概念、关联关系和数据属性特征,自顶向下构建GeoOnto-CLGTS的概念层。并以123个中国传统聚落为案例,通过protégé工具进行实例补充,实现了GeoOnto-CLGTS模型的实例层构建。最后,通过Neo4j图数据库对本体数据进行存储,构建传统聚落景观基... 相似文献
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空间异质性定量研究方法 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6
岳天祥 《地球信息科学学报》1999,1(2):75-79
空间异质性是景观生态学定量化研究的核心,其定量研究方法包括景观综合图、数学模型和地学信息图谱.本文概括总结了景观综合图的内容和定量化指标,分析了这种定量化方法的优势和局限;对数学模型的复杂性、优点和与景观综合图的互补性作了简要分析,指出了数学模型研究需要进一步探讨和重视的问题;通过对地学信息图谱三个阶段(景观制图实验,图谱概念的提出和地学信息图谱理论的形成)的回顾和对其特点的分析,我们认为地学信息图谱综合了景观综合图和抽象的数学模型可以提供的互补信息,吸收了两者的优点,是空间异质性的综合定量研究方法. 相似文献
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互联网等现代信息空间为研究非物质文化景观,提供了新数据源和互动平台。本研究以中国剪纸文化为例,借助淘宝API,利用规则化网页采集工具,提取了淘宝网中销售中国剪纸商品的网络店铺基本信息和产品交易信息,利用GIS可视化与分析方法,开展C2C新型商业模式的文化交易景观表达,挖掘景观内涵和意义。结果表明:C2C模式下的文化交易景观与传统文化区具有明显耦合性,网络店铺和消费者分布在京津冀、长三角和珠三角区域形成明显的核心聚集区;同时,不同剪纸流派发展状况差别显著:陕北剪纸、蔚县剪纸等北方派剪纸在交易中占据主导地位,交易关系集中在中国东部和中部地区。本研究是文化地理学研究视角和研究方法在信息时代的重要扩展,对于全面认识当代中国非物质文化产业转型与发展态势具有现实参考意义。 相似文献
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景观指数法作为景观格局分析的重要研究方法和度量手段,也是景观生态学研究的重要组成部分。由于景观指数在空间格局表达时信息高度浓缩,其在应用中普遍地存在"一值多形"问题。文中根据景观水平上聚集度指数和多样性指数对景观空间整体复杂性和异质性的描述,采用二维空间地理现象的四叉树编码表达对四个不同模拟景观格局进行空间划分,形成多层次的四叉树结构,并通过Fragstats软件对不同子区域景观指数计算,以及采用数值矩阵和对应的3D模型来表达不同景观空间格局。该方法明确展现了不同景观格局相对应的空间位置在景观聚集性特征和多样性特征上的不同,并且用同一景观格局中各子区域的景观指数描述自身子区域特征,也从景观空间局部表现了景观空间格局的异质性。研究过程证明了基于四叉树的景观指数分析方法可以区分景观格局在指数计算中的"一值多形"。同时文章展望了该方法对于不同景观空间格局进行聚类划分的应用。 相似文献
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黄河源区玛多县土地利用/覆被及景观格局变化的遥感分析 总被引：6，自引：3，他引：3
采用了黄河源地区1977、1990及2003年MSS、TM的3个时相遥感影像,通过人机交互的解译与GIS的空间分析,提取了玛多县3个时期的土地利用/覆被信息。分析了玛多县各地类的数量变化和空间变化特征。另外对景观生态空间分布格局,利用FRAGSTATS软件对玛多县景观级别的动态特征进行了分析。结果表明:玛多县的土地利用/覆被类型以草地为主,占全区总面积77.93%;退化现象十分严重,主要是草地覆盖度的降低以及草地沙化;景观破碎化程度在前期呈下降趋势,而后期呈上升趋势,景观斑块形态越来越偏离规则而变得复杂、多样。 相似文献
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森林景观格局分析是森林景观优化配置与实施规划的基础。本文以森林资源二类调查数据为基础,采用森林景观定量空间分析方法,在自主开发而成的森林景观可视化系统VisForest支持下,利用VS2008开发平台、ArcEngine组件与OSG图形渲染引擎,集成景观指数计算模型和地理信息系统的分析方法,形成森林景观格局分析与景观三维可视化模拟系统,实现了景观格局分析的定量化和景观可视化;并以闽侯县白沙国有林场2013年的数据为例,按优势树种划分森林景观类型,计算分析了景观组成结构、斑块特征和景观异质性等。结果表明,杉木林、马尾松林、湿地松林、木荷林、非林地是白沙林场的优势景观类型,总体景观类型丰富、景观异质性较高;木荷作为隔离带树种,以小面积狭长斑块居多,其形状指数和分形维数最大,斑块形状复杂而不规则;森林景观的三维可视化模拟为研究景观格局提供了一个直观、交互的展示平台。 相似文献
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景观视觉评价是评判景观视觉资源价值的重要方式。本研究从景观视觉的综合定量评价角度出发,设计基于基本视觉元素与景观视觉敏感度的综合评价指标体系,提出一种基于GIS空间分析与模糊层次分析法的景观视觉综合评价方法,利用综合视觉指数分别从整体视角和单因子视角客观揭示景观视觉资源的分布特征及其影响因素。以泰山风景区为研究区的实验结果显示：单因子视角中,玉皇顶、天烛峰、碧霞祠等景点分别在视域范围、相对坡度敏感度、相对距离敏感度等侧面具有最高的评分。综合视角下,景观视觉指数最高的景点为玉皇顶（0.819）,最低的景点为桃花峪（0.180）。通过与基于用户打分的景点评价结果的对比,验证了本方法的可靠性与先进性,为定量化描述与评价景观视觉资源提供了一种新的研究思路和研究方法,也为景区综合发展规划及景点的开发保护提供了客观的参考依据和决策支持。 相似文献
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数字城市的三维景观系统构建 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文探讨了数字城市中三维景观的功能特性 ,分析了数字城市中三维景观系统构建的技术思路 ,讨论了三维景观系统构建过程中的一些关键技术 ,如景观背景变换、三维对象信息查询、天气效果的实现以及地形构建等。文章最后指出今后有待进一步解决的技术问题。 相似文献
11.
《山地科学学报》2019,(11)
Research on the sustainable livelihoods of rural households is of great significance to mitigating rural poverty and reasonable land expropriation policy helps to realize better livelihoods and sustainable development. Scholars have conducted considerable research on the relationships between land expropriation and farmers. livelihoods. However,few quantitative studies have used the characteristics of villages as control variables to systematically analyze the impact of land expropriation on farmers.livelihood capital and strategy in the mountainous and hilly regions of China. This study uses the Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Model(PLS-SEM)to systematically explain the impact of landexpropriation on farmers. livelihoods in mountainous and hilly regions of Sichuan in 2013, with the characteristics of the village including income,accessibility and terrain as control variables. The analysis uses both representative sample data of 240 rural households and spatial data calculated using a 30 m Digital Elevation Model(DEM) by Geographic Information System(GIS). Results are as follows:(1)The land expropriation characteristics are negatively affected by village accessibility. Villages with worse accessibility tend to have fewer land parcels and less land area expropriated. Additionally, land that is expropriated from inaccessible villages tends to receive less compensation.(2) Natural capital is negatively affected by number and area of land expropriation. Natural capital is not only directly affected by village accessibility, but also indirectlyaffected by village accessibility through the mediating effect of the number and area of land parcels expropriated.(3) Physical capital is positively affected by compensation for land expropriation, and negatively affected by village accessibility through compensation for land expropriation. The worse a village.s accessibility/location is, the less compensation it will receive for land expropriation,resulting in lower physical capital.(4) Financial capital is negatively affected by village accessibility indirectly through compensation for land expropriation. The better the village.s accessibility is,the greater is its compensation for land expropriation and, hence, the greater is its financial capital.(5)Social capital is directly and negatively affected by the number and area of land parcels expropriated, and is indirectly and positively affected by village accessibility through the number and area of land parcels expropriated. This study enhances our understanding of the characteristics of land expropriation and rural households. livelihood as well as the impact of land expropriation on rural households. livelihood. These findings provide reference for the formulation of proper policies related to land expropriation and the improvement of rural households. livelihoods in the mountainous and hilly regions of China. 相似文献
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Resource Flows of Villages with Contrasting Lifestyles in Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve, Central Himalaya, India 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
K. S. Rao S. Nautiyal R. K. Maikhuri K. G. Saxena 《山地科学学报》2005,2(4):271-293
Resource use efficiency analyses of village ecosystem are necessary for effective and efficient planning of resource utilization. This paper deals with economic and energy input-output analyses of different components of village ecosystem in representative buffer zone villages, which are practicing transhumance and settled way of lifestyles in Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve （NDBR） of Garhwal Himalaya. While the villages practicing transhumance used various natural resources spatially segregated,the villages practicing settled way of lifestyle have to manage resources from a limited spatial area through rotation and varied extraction intensities. Forests subsidized the production activity in both type of villages and the per capita resource extractions were found to be greater in tran~humance village than settled village. Though crops provided maximum energy, in terms of economic criteria, animal husbandry played important role in both settled and transhumance villages. As villages representing both the situations showed different ways of adjustments to the conservation oriented land use changes, management authority needs to address the eco-development plans fulfilling the aspirations of all people traditionally using the resources of the Reserve to reduce the conflicts and encourage their participation in the conservation of the area. 相似文献
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南麂列岛海洋自然保护区信息系统开发与应用 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
南麂列岛国家级海洋自然保护区管理信息系统是采用集成技术开发的专用信息系统。该系统建立了可科学管理南麂列岛自然保护区的地理空间数据、贝藻类数据、水文气象数据、文本数据、多媒体数据等数据库系统,具有空间数据和属性数据的管理、更新、查询及其扩展等功能。介绍了南麂列岛土地覆盖状况分析的应用实例。系统对提高南麂列岛自然保护区管理,同时建设海洋类型的自然保护区信息系统具有重要的示范作用。 相似文献
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Conserving agricultural heritage systems through tourism: Exploration of two mountainous communities in China 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
Ye-hong Sun Mary Jane Dela Cruz Qing-wen Min Mou-cheng Liu Ling-yun Zhang 《山地科学学报》2013,10(6):962-975
Community plays an important role in the preservation of agricultural heritage system （AHS）. Recently, many AHS have been valorized as interesting resources for rural tourism. The expectations are that tourism development （TD） can be supportive for the conservation of AHS while creating benefits for local communities. In this study, two mountainous pilot villages （Longxian and Xiaohuang） in a global conservation project for traditional agricutural systems - Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems （GIAHS） were selected to identify the relationship between AHS conservation and TD. The study undertook in-depth interviews, and questionnaires of village residents and informal discussions with local villagers. A t-test and a linear regression model were implemented to explore the comparative dimensions of the two communities with different geographical location, economic situation, and stage of TD. The research found some similarities and differences in the two mountainous communities during AHS conservation and TD. Firstly, AHS are preservaed well in both villages unconsiously, while the residents in Xiaohuang value more highly the heritage elements than the respondents in Longxian, and the villagers in Xiaohuang are more worried about their heritage system; Secondly, both villages expect lots of benefits from TD and they clearly perceive more positive than negative impact from tourism and thus approve TD, while the hugedifferent perception on transportation and accessibility in the two villages reflects the bottleneck of TD in Xiaohuang village. At the same time, the respondents from Xiaohuang perceive more positive and fewer negative impact from tourism than the respondents from Longxian. Thirdly, the respondents in the two villages all show positive attitudes towards participation in tourism mostly motivated by the high income expectation. The main factors to determine the community perception in two villages were also analyzed based on the data process. A location-based coneeputal framework of AHS conservation in partnership with TD at community scale is proposed at the end of the paper. The dynamics of tourism development, that could enhance a better understanding of the complex relationship between conservation objectives and tourism development are discussed. 相似文献
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WANGLi TONGShi-rong LUSong YANGZhao WANGYong LIANGDong-dong 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2004,14(2):170-178
Tourism development surely has social, economic and environmental impacts on tourist destinations.The study on resorts residents‘ attitudes can help understand the nature of tourism development and the extent to which it may influence on tourist destinations. By now, researches on residents‘ perception and attitudes are plenteous in the international circle and achievements are great, yet few are found in developing countries. As a most representative cultural tourist destination, World Cultural Heritage-Xidi and Hong villages in Yi County of Anhui Province, are drawing the attention of both tourists and academic circles. This article, taking Xidi and Hong villages as examples, seeks to analyze ancient village residents‘ attitudes towards tourism impacts and then tries further to explore the connection between tourism development and residents‘ attitudes. Both qualitative and quantitative surveys are applied in the exploratory investigation into local residents‘ attitudes of tourism impacts. Based on abundant face-to-face interviews with the local households, tourism enterprises concerned, local government and tourists from July to August of 2002, we are able to have a better understanding of local residents‘ attitudes to community life, and perception of tourism impacts on society, economy and environment. By this we can promote domestic study on resorts residents‘ attitudes, and provide some theoretical grounds for establishing tourism development planning and perfect community participation system at tourist destinations. 相似文献
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实施宅基地规范化管理和土地复垦,推进空壳村整治腾挪建设用地指标,是进一步缓解当前用地压力,积极筹集建设用地指标的有效手段。该文以莱城国土资源分局在大王庄镇白炭坡村推行空壳村整治腾挪建设用地指标为例,阐述了白炭坡村的有关情况,村庄整治工作的主要做法以及取得的初步成效,分析探讨了实施腾挪建设用地指标推广的基础条件、准备工作以及启示等。 相似文献
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城镇村内部土地利用细化调查是第三次全国土调查中的重要组成部分,全面细化和完善的城镇村庄内部土地利用调查成果,有助于掌握翔实准确的全国国土利用现状和自然资源变化情况。本文基于多源三维模型融合技术,生成高精度高空地面、室内室外一体化三维模型,将其应用于城镇村内部土地利用细化调查工作中,修正城镇村内部土地利用现状图斑边界和地类属性等内容,最终形成准确的城镇村内部土地利用现状成果。利用融合后的三维模型上开展城镇村内部土地利用细化调查是一种有效的调查模式,可为三调高精度高效率调查工作提供技术支撑。 相似文献
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准确把握区域发展规律,定量、客观地认识村庄发展类型,对“因地制宜、分类推进”乡村振兴具有非常重要的现实意义。针对区域村庄发展类型自动、准确识别问题,研究提出了一种基于SMOTE-RF算法的村庄发展类型识别模型。研究首先从地形、区位、社会经济、农业生产和生态环境等方面提出了面向村庄发展多维特征表达的指标体系。在此基础上,针对村庄样本不平衡分布特点,利用SMOTE过采样技术对少数类样本进行分析和模拟,合成平衡化的村庄分类样本集;进而利用随机森林算法自动构建村庄发展的多维属性特征与村庄类型之间的非线性关系,形成可用于区域村庄发展类型自动识别的智能分类器。为验证模型的有效性,研究选取山东招远市作为试验区开展了实证研究。实验结果表明,耦合SMOTE过采样技术的随机森林分类模型有效保障了村庄分类结果的可靠性和准确度。在试验区,模型自动识别结果与规划专家分类结果的一致性达88.27%,Kappa系数为0.78,整体一致性良好。相对于人工分类,基于SMOTE-RF方法的村庄类型自动识别方法减少了依赖人工经验分类带来的不确定性,保障了分类结果的一致性,能够为国土空间规划和乡村振兴专项规划决策提供可靠的决... 相似文献
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With the growing recognition to myriad forms of current and future threats in the mountain agriculture systems,there is a pressing need to holistically understand the vulnerability of mountain agriculture communities.The study aims to assess the biophysical and social vulnerability of agriculture communities using an indicator-based approach for the state of Uttarakhand,India.A total of 14 indicators were used to capture biophysical vulnerability and 22 for social vulnerability profiles of15285 villages.Vulnerability analysis was done at village level with weights assigned to each indicator using Analytical Hierarchical Process(AHP).The results of the study highlight the presence of very high biophysical vulnerability(0.82 ± 0.10) and high social vulnerability(0.65 ± 0.15) within the state.Based on the results,it was found that incidences of high biophysical vulnerability coincide with presence of intensified agriculture land and absence of dense forest.Higher social vulnerability scores were found in villages with an absence of local institutions(like Self Helping Groups(SHGs)),negligible infrastructure facilities and higher occupational dependence on agriculture.A contrast was observed in the vulnerability scores of villages present in the three different altitudinal zones in the study area,indicating respective vulnerability generating conditions existing in these three zones.Biophysical vulnerability was recorded to be highest in the villages falling in the lower zone and lowest in the upper zone villages;whereas,social vulnerability was found to be highest in the middle zone villages and lowest in lower zone villages.Our study aids policy makers in identifying areas for intervention to expedite agriculture adaptation planning in the state.Additionally,the adaptation programmes in the region need to be more context-specific to accommodate the differential altitudinal vulnerability profiles. 相似文献