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1.
VTI介质长偏移距非双曲动校正公式优化   总被引:21,自引:7,他引:14       下载免费PDF全文
常规Alkhalifah动校正公式精度低,不能精确描述各向异性介质长偏移距地震反射同相轴的时距关系.本文以提高VTI介质长偏移距地震资料动校正公式的精度为目标,在分析VTI介质常规动校正方程的基础上,根据误差最小原理建立优化校正系数图版,实现对常规动校正公式大偏移距误差的修正,建立最优化校正Alkhalifah动校正方程,实现了对VTI介质长偏移距地震资料常规动校正方程的改进.之后由Fomel群速度公式导出高精度VTI模型长偏移距时距函数,提出了高精度VTI介质长偏移距地震资料动校正方程.将以上的动校正方程用于各向异性参数反演,模型计算表明最优化校正Alkhalifah动校正方程的反演精度是常规长偏移距动校正方程反演精度的2~4倍,高精度动校正方程的反演精度是常规动校正方程反演精度的2~8倍.  相似文献   

2.
VTI介质P波非双曲时差分析   总被引:5,自引:3,他引:5       下载免费PDF全文
具有垂直对称轴的横向各向同性介质模型(VTI)是目前各向异性理论研究和多波多分量地震资料叠前成像处理中最常用的一种各向异性模型.VTI介质中反射 P波时距曲线一般不再是双曲线.基于不同的相速度近似公式会得到不同的时距关系式.文中对几种典型的非双曲时距曲线与射线追踪得到的准确时距曲线在不同各向异性强度下进行了对比,结果表明Muir等和Stovas等提出的非双曲时距公式由于过高地考虑了横波垂直速度的影响与精确的时距曲线有很大偏差;Tsvankin等提出的弱各向异性非双曲时距公式在ε-δ<0时误差增大;Alkhalifah等提出的非双曲时距公式在大炮检距任意各向异性强度下都具有较高的精度,适于在实际资料处理中应用.  相似文献   

3.
Thomsen各向异性参数的求取对于正确的时深转换和深度域偏移成像处理至关重要。相比其它各向异性参数估算方法,从VSP资料中更容易获取准确的各向异性参数用于地面地震偏移成像。本文分析研究了利用Walkaway VSP资料估算VTI介质Thomsen各向异性参数的方法,该方法基于VTI介质近偏移距动校正公式利用Walkaway VSP近偏移距初至信息求取各向异性参数δ;基于各向异性介质纵波速度Thomsen近似公式采用射线追踪时差扫描方法求取各向异性参数ε。数值模型正演表明利用该方法估算的各向异性参数误差较小。利用塔里木盆地8个方位的Walkaway VSP实际资料求取了该区深度域Thomsen各向异性参数ε和δ值,同时结合地面三维地震资料建立了较为准确的各向异性深度一速度模型用于叠前深度偏移成像,进一步提高了碳酸盐岩储层的成像精度,减小了目标地质体的深度误差。  相似文献   

4.
任意空间取向TI介质中P波四次时差系数特征   总被引:4,自引:3,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
郝重涛  姚陈 《地球物理学报》2008,51(4):1172-1179
同类反射波(非转换波)走时偏离双曲,称为非双曲或四次时差,在长排列各向异性地震资料处理中需要校正.本文基于我们导出的水平界面任意空间取向TI (ATI)介质中同类反射波四次时差系数(A4)的精确解析解,数值计算研究P波四次时差系数特征.正演结果表明,ATI条件下A4系数随CMP测线方位变化的特征不仅与TI介质的各向异性参数有关,而且与TI对称轴的空间取向密切相关; TI介质的各向异性参数和TI对称轴的倾角决定了A4变化特征,而且TI对称轴的方位决定了A4随测线方位变化的对称性.此研究结果将对各向异性解释及参数反演有参考意义.  相似文献   

5.
长偏移距地震资料的优化契比雪夫动校正方法   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
传统的双曲型动校正方法仅适用于偏移距与目标层深度比值较小的情况.对于长偏移距地震资料,须采用非双曲动校正公式才能得到较高的动校正精度.但常规的非双曲方法对于大偏移距仍然有较大的误差.本文提出契比雪夫截断加模拟退火优化的思路:通过沿用高阶项补偿系数的形式以克服对于大偏移距可能存在的不稳定现象,然后对常规的泰勒展开进行契比...  相似文献   

6.
随着地震勘探的深入,对勘探精度的要求越来越高,目前,提高勘探精度的主要方法之一就是提高地震波走时计算的精度,地震走时精度直接影响如动校正、静校正和偏移成像质量.根据地质模型假设条件的不同,有不同的走时计算方法,常用的有各向同性介质假设和各向异性介质假设条件下的走时计算方法,各向异性假设具有比各向同性假设更好的适用性,具有更高的走时计算精度,能够满足大偏移距和高陡构造情况下成像的要求.本文根据Alkhalifah的VTI介质中走时计算方法,以Fomel的TI介质中群速度的计算为基础,利用各向异性介质中Snell定律,提出了在非椭圆各向异性介质中的高阶优化走时计算方法,通过理论和实际数据的应用,表明该方法克服了常规各向异性走时方法中不能够计算大偏深比情况下地震波走时的缺点,具有走时计算精度高、便于实际应用等特点,对叠加和偏移成像有广阔的应用.  相似文献   

7.
即使采用分辨率很高的双曲Radon变换,对速度各向异性发育介质及长偏移距情况下的地震数据,其Radon域内能量仍不收敛.为了克服此难题,我们在Radon变换的积分路径中考虑了非双曲走时的影响,通过引入非双曲时差公式中的各向异性非椭圆率η参数,可以准确描述出长偏移距条件下来自同一层位的时距曲线,并推导了由偏移距、慢度、非椭圆率三参数控制的积分曲线正反变换公式,我们称之为各向异性Radon变换.离散化求解时,各向异性Radon变换是时变的,频率域快速算法已不适用,本文采用了最优相似系数加权Gauss-Seidel迭代算法,保持其计算精度的同时也有较高的计算效率.将此方法应用在模型数据以及实际长偏移距海上地震数据的多次波压制处理中,收到了较好的处理效果.  相似文献   

8.
ATI介质中四次时差系数解析近似   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0       下载免费PDF全文
郝重涛  姚陈 《地球物理学报》2009,52(8):2074-2083
非双曲(远偏移距)时差为各向异性介质中正、反演研究,特别是各向异性参数估计提供了重要信息.本文在任意空间取向TI(ATI)介质水平界面同类反射波四次时差系数(A4)精确解的基础上,进一步讨论我们推导得出的ATI介质中四次时差系数解析近似解,比较随CMP测线方位变化的近似解与精确解之间的差别,为利用近似解来解析研究ATI介质中非双曲时距以及参数反演提供有价值的信息.结合实际岩性资料的数值研究表明,ATI条件下四次时差系数近似解与精确解之间存在差别,不仅表现在A4数的大小及符号特征上,更突出地表现在A4系数随方位的变化特征上;在强各向异性条件下,近似解相比精确解存在较大误差.但在各向异性参数满足0<ε-δ<0.15、|δ|<0.20的情况下,对于TI对称轴的特殊倾角范围(75°~80°),近似解与精确解的差别很小,可用近似解进行各向异性观测解释及参数反演.  相似文献   

9.
TTI介质是石油地震勘探领域最常用的各向异性介质,快速计算TTI介质射线路径和走时信息有重要的研究意义.TTI介质传统运动学射线追踪方法一般基于任意弹性介质射线方程,利用Bond变换或者四阶张量变换来处理复杂的21个弹性参数,因而非常耗时.实际野外对称轴统一的TTI介质模型,一般可以看成VTI介质模型旋转一定角度获得.为此,本文推导了三维VTI介质射线追踪方程,提出先在本构坐标系中进行VTI介质射线追踪,再通过坐标旋转将射线路径旋转至观测坐标系中,获得TTI介质射线路径.数值模型计算表明该方法高效和精确,较传统方法效率提高了近4倍.在强各向异性等特殊情况下,体波波前面都与理论群速度面一致.  相似文献   

10.
准确、快速计算水平层状VTI(vertical transverse isotropic)介质的走时和射线路径是实现VTI介质地震叠前时间偏移和微地震监测速度建模的基础.水平层状VTI介质射线追踪的常用算法包括打靶法和最短路径法.打靶法原理简单、实现容易,但在长偏移距时存在微小初射角度变化导致射线路径巨大扰动的问题;最短路径法原理直观,但需要沿射线群速度方向(群角)计算走时,计算特定群角对应的群速度值需要先搜索对应的相速度角度(相角),显著降低了计算效率.本文综合打靶法和最短路径法的优点,从震源同时出射一系列射线,以这些射线到达界面的交点构成稀疏的网格节点,自适应加密实现检波点周围网格节点间距高于精度要求,采用插值算法获得检波点的走时和动态网格方法获得不位于网格节点上的检波点的射线路径.本文方法严格计算已知相角对应的群角和群速度,未使用弱各向异性群速度近似公式,适用于任意强度各向异性VTI介质qP、qSV和qSH直达波和反射波射线追踪;以相角确定震源出射射线,不用遍历群角和群速度对应关系.同传统最短路径方法的数值实验对比表明本文方法具有高精度和高效性,非常适合于需要多次正演计算的地震叠...  相似文献   

11.
Curvelet阈值迭代法地震随机噪声压制(英文)   总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4  
本文将近些年发展起来的多尺度分析技术——Curvelet变换与求解优化反演问题的阈值迭代法相结合,研究了基于Curvelet变换的阈值迭代法在地震数据随机噪声衰减中的应用。充分利用了Curvelet变换对地震数据表示的稀疏性,提出将地震数据随机噪声压制问题转化为基于Curvelet稀疏变换的L1范数最优化问题,并采用前人提出的阈值迭代法求解。通过与常规的中值滤波、FX反褶积和小波阈值法去噪方法对比,理论合成数据和实际数据试算表明,Curvelet阈值迭代法去噪法具有优势,该法不仅能够获得较高的信噪比,而且对有效信号的损失较小。为充分利甩Curvelet的多尺度、多方向特性,提出了在Curvelet阈值迭代法去噪结果的基础上再进行方向控制,进一步提高了数据信噪比。  相似文献   

12.
基于第二代Curvelet变换的面波压制(英文)   总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1  
针对面波能量强、频率低、视速度低等特点,本文提出了基于第二代Curvelet变换的多尺度、多方向分解的面波压制方法,充分利用Curvelet变换的多尺度、多方向功能,分离出含有面波的尺度和方向然后利用面波与有效波在Curvelet域基本不重叠的特性,进行信噪分离处理。这种方法在实际叠前地震数据的处理中,能够有效压制面波,同时较好地保护有效反射波,特别是反射波的低频分量。文中提出的基于第二代Curvelet变换的去面波方法是一种较好的保幅去噪方法。  相似文献   

13.
基于测井、VSP和地面地震数据最佳拟合的子波估计(英文)   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
本文提出了基于测井、VSP和地震数据拟合的子波估计方法,从输入输出都包含随机噪声的统计模型出发,采用相关性拟合技术来提取子波。拟合度和误差分析为整个过程提供了定量的质量控制手段,可以评估数据拟合和子波估计的可靠性。实际数据试算表明,该方法在含有噪声的实际数据中稳定而有效,在地震频带内的子波估计和数据拟合是可靠的。该方法无需对子波相位和振幅谱进行任何假设,其主要优点在于确定相位的能力。  相似文献   

14.
瞬变电磁虚拟波场的三维曲面延拓成像   总被引:7,自引:2,他引:5       下载免费PDF全文
根据瞬变电磁场扩散方程与波动方程间存在的数学对应形式,将已知瞬变电磁场数据转换为虚拟波场数据,在此基础上,提出了用克希霍夫积分法将所转换的波场从地面向地下反向延拓的方法.在延拓的数值计算中,为提高计算效率,采用三维边界元技术,把边界积分分解为诸三角单元积分的积分之和, 建立了曲面延拓方程式;通过地面测点的波场值,求出地下某一点的波场值,实现了地表为曲面的向下延拓成像计算.通过对理论模型计算和实际资料处理,证明了该方法可以增强瞬变电磁法识别地下电性分界面的能力,使瞬变电磁法对地下目标体的三维精细探测成为可能.  相似文献   

15.
16.
The correlation of the scaled energy,e = Es/ Mo, versus earthquake magnitude, Ms, is studied based on two models: (1) Model 1 based on the use of the time function of the average displacements, with a ω^-2 source spectrum, across a fault plane; and (2) Model 2 based on the use of the time function of the average displacements, with a ω^-3 source spectrum, across a fault plane. For the second model, there are two cases: (a) As ζ= T, where r is the rise time and T the rupture time, lg(e) - -Ms; and (b) As ζ 〈〈 T, lg(e)- -(1/2)Ms. The second model leads to a negative value of e. This means that Model 2 cannot work for studying the present problem. The results obtained from Model 1 suggest that the source model is a factor, yet not a unique one, in controlling the correlation of e versus Ms.  相似文献   

17.
Monitoring of subsurface fluid (underground fluid) is an important part of efforts for earthquake prediction in China. The nationwide network, which monitors groundwater level, water temperature, and radon and mercury in groundwater, has been constructed in the last decades. Large amounts of abnormal fluid changes before and after major earthquakes have been recorded, providing precious data for research in earthquake sciences. Many studies have been done in earthquake fluid hydrogeology in order to probe the nature of the earthquake. Much progress in earthquake fluid hydrogeology has been made in the last decades. The paper provides a review of the advances in research on earthquake fluid hydrogeology over the last 40 years in China. It deals with the following five aspects: (1) an introduction to the development history of monitoring networks construction; (2) cases of different subsurface fluid changes recorded before some major earthquakes which occurred in the last decades; (3) characteristics of subsurface fluid changes following major earthquakes; (4) mechanism of subsurface fluid changes before and following earthquakes; (5) application of earthquake fluids in the hydrogeology field.  相似文献   

18.
On April 20, 2013, an earthquake with mag- nitude 7.0 occurred in the southwest of the Longmenshan fault system in and around Lushan County, Sichuan Province, China. This devastating earthquake killed hun- dreds of people, injured 10 thousand others, and collapsed countless buildings. In order to analyze the potential risk of this big earthquake, we calculate the co- and post-seismic surface deformation and gravity changes of this event. In this work, a multilayered crustal model is designed, and the elastic dislocation theory is utilized to calculate the co- and post-seismic deformations and gravity changes. During the process, a rupture model obtained by seismic waveform inversion (Liu et al. Sci China Earth Sci 56(7): 1187-1192, 2013) is applied. The time-dependent relaxation results show that the influences on Lushan and its surrounding areas caused by the Ms7.0 Lushan earthquake will last as long as 10 years. The maximum horizontal displacement, vertical uplift, and settlement are about 5 cm, 21.24 cm, and 0.16 m, respectively; the maximal positive and nega- tive values of gravity changes are 45 and -0.47 μGal, respectively. These results may be applied to evaluate the long-term potential risk caused by this earthquake and to provide necessary information for post-earthquake reconstruction.  相似文献   

19.
The Ms7.0 Lushan earthquake on April 20, 2013 is another destructive event in China since the Ms8.0 Wenchuan earthquake in 2008 and Ms7.1 Yushu earth- quake in 2010. A large number of strong motion recordings were accumulated by the National Strong Motion Obser- vation Network System of China. The maximum peak ground acceleration (PGA) at Station 51BXD in Baoxing Country is recorded as -1,005.3 cm/s2, which is even larger than the maximum one in the Wenchuan earthquake. A field survey around three typical strong motion stations confirms that the earthquake damage is consistent with the issued map of macroseismic intensity. For the oscillation period 0.3-1.0 s which is the common natural period range of the Chinese civil building, a comparison shows that the observed response spectrums are considerably smaller than the designed values in the Chinese code and this could be one of the reasons that the macroseismic intensity is lower than what we expected despite the high amplitude of PGAs. The Housner spectral intensities from 16 stations are also basically correlated with their macroseismic intensities, and the empirical distribution of spectral intensities from Lushan and Wenchuan Earthquakes under the Chinese scale is almost identical with those under the European scale.  相似文献   

20.
In this study, we determined fnax from near- field accelerograms of the Lushan earthquake of April 20, 2013 through spectra analysis. The result shows that the values of fmax derived from five different seismography stations are very close though these stations roughly span about 100 km along the strike. This implies that the cause offmax is mainly the seismic source process rather than the site effect. Moreover, according to the source-cause model of Papageorgiou and Aki (Bull Seism Soc Am 73:693-722, 1983), we infer that the cohesive zone width of the rupture of the Lushan earthquake is about 204 with an uncertainty of 13 m. We also find that there is a significant bulge between 30 and 45 Hz in the amplitude spectra of accel- erograms of stations 51YAL and 51QLY, and we confirm that it is due to seismic waves' reverberation of the sedi- mentary soil layer beneath these stations.  相似文献   

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