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1.
近5年青海省植被覆盖变化的遥感监测 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
This paper used five years （2001-2006） time series of MODIS NDVI images with a 1-km spatial resolution to produce a land cover map of Qinghai Province in China. A classification approach for different land cover types with special emphasis on vegetation, especially on sparse vegetation, was developed which synthesized Decision Tree Classification, Supervised Classification and Unsupervised Classification. The spatial distribution and dynamic change of vegetation cover in Qinghai from 2001 to 2006 were analyzed based on the land cover classification map and five grade elevation belts derived from Qinghai DEM. The result shows that vegetation cover in Qinghai in recent five years has been some improved and the area of vegetation was increased from 370,047 km^2 in 2001 to 374,576 km^2 in 2006. Meanwhile, vegetation cover ratio was increased by 0.63%. Vegetation cover ratio in high mountain belt is the largest （67.92%） among the five grade elevation belts in Qinghai Province. The second largest vegetation cover ratio is in middle mountain belt （61.80%）. Next, in the order of the decreasing vegetation cover ratio, the remaining grades are extreme high mountain belt （38.98%）, low mountain belt （25.55%） and flat region belt （15.46%）. The area of middle density grassland in high mountain belt is the biggest （94,003 km^2）, and vegetation cover ratio of dense grassland in middle mountain belt is the highest （32.62%）, and the increased area of dense grassland in high mountain belt is the greatest （1280 km^2）. In recent five years the conversion from sparse grass to middle density grass in high mountain belt has been the largest vegetation cover variation and the converted area is 15931 km^2. 相似文献
2.
Landscape transformations in savannas of northern South America: Land use/cover changes since 1987 in the Llanos Orientales of Colombia 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
This study presents a detailed spatial, quantitative assessment of the land use/cover changes (LUCC) in the savanna region of Llanos Orientales in Colombia. LUCC was determined from multitemporal satellite imagery (Landsat and CBERS) from 1987 to 2007. Systematic landscape transitions were identified and put in the context of population change and economic activity. The results showed that during the period 1987 to 2007, 14% of the study area underwent some kind of land use/cover change, with most change occurring in the last decade. Systematic transitions were observed from flooded savannas to crops and exotic pastures. An important land cover change was linked to the expansion of palm oil plantations from 31 km2 in 1987 to 162 km2 in 2007. The observed changes are shown to be related to the economic and market-oriented-development from before 1970 to the present day. Based on the future economic development plans, the Llanos Orientales will continue to undergo significant change as an estimated 70% of the 17,000 km2 have been identified for conversion to plantation, or for petroleum and mining purposes. We provide recommendations for future economy integrated conservation, by proposing the implementation of a Llanos ecological network. 相似文献
3.
4.
基于遥感技术的银川市土地利用/覆被研究 总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1
为消除地形复杂地区不同地物的同谱异物现象,在遥感(RS)和地理信息系统(GIS)技术的支持下,采用分区分类方法对宁夏银川市1991和1999年的Landsat TM/ETM 影像进行解译,得到了银川市两期土地利用/覆被变化数据。在此基础上,通过转移矩阵和土地利用/覆被变化幅度、动态度及状态指数模型,对银川市土地利用/覆被变化的状况和变化过程进行了研究。结果表明,在研究期内,银川市各土地利用/覆被变化类型都有不同程度的变化。林地、耕地和城市用地转入大于转出,朝着规模增加的方向发展,而草地和水体转出大于转入,朝着规模缩小的方向发展,未利用地虽然转入大于转出,但变化缓慢;土地利用/覆被年变化率最大的是草地,其次为耕地,未利用地的最小。 相似文献
5.
Land use and land cover change and its driving forces in Maqu County, China in the past 25 years 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Maqu County is located in the northeast Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, and it is the main watershed for the Yellow River. The ecosystem there is extremely vulnerable and sensitive to climate change and human activities, which have caused significant deterioration of the eco-environment in this region. In order to restore the ecological environment, a government project to restore the grazing areas to grassland was implemented in Maqu County in early 2004. This study evaluates the effects of that restoration project on land use and land cover change (LUCC), and explores the driving forces of LUCC in Maqu County. In the study we used Landsat images obtained in 1989, 2004, 2009, and 2014 to establish databases of land use and land cover. Then we derived LUCC information by overlaying these layers using GIS software. Finally, we analyzed the main forces responsible for LUCC. The results showed that forests, high-coverage grasslands, and marshes experienced the most significant decreases during 1989-2004, by 882.8 ha, 35,250.4 ha, and 2,753.4 ha, respectively. However, moderate- and low-coverage grasslands and sand lands showed the opposite trend, increasing by 12,529.7 ha, 25,491.0 ha, and 577.5 ha, respectively. LUCC in 2004-2009 showed that ecological degradation slowed compared with 1989-2004. During 2009-2014, high- and moderate-coverage grasslands increased obviously, but low-coverage grasslands, marshes, unused lands, sand lands, and water areas showed the opposite trend. These results suggested that the degradation of the eco-environment was obvious before 2009, showing a decrease in the forests, grasslands, and water areas, and an increase in unused lands. The ecological degradation was reversed after 2009, as was mainly evidenced by increases in high- and moderate-coverage grasslands, and the shrinkage rate of marshes decreased obviously. These results showed that the project of restoring grazing lands to grassland had a positive effect on the LUCC. Other major factors that influence the LUCC include increasing temperature, variation in the seasonal frozen soil environment, seasonal overgrazing, and pest and rodent damage. 相似文献
6.
1990—2010年黄河宁蒙段所处流域土地利用变化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以Landsat TM和ETM+遥感影像为基础数据源,应用地理信息系统技术,对黄河宁蒙段所处流域1990-2010年土地利用变化进行了监测,并结合气候变化、人类活动和政策因素探讨了土地利用变化的驱动力,初步分析了土地利用/覆被变化对流域水-沙关系的影响。结果表明：（1）20年来研究区建设用地面积增加了1 310.04 km2,耕地面积增加了611.15 km2,水域和草地面积分别减少了1 499.51 km2和474.93 km2;（2）20年来黄河宁蒙段所处流域土地利用变化速度经历了缓慢变化-显著变化-急剧变化的过程。各土地利用类型在后10 年（2000-2010年）的变化速度均比前10年（1990-2000年）大;（3）研究时段内草地和未利用地转化为林地,草地和耕地被开发为建设用地,未利用地和草地被开垦为耕地;（4）人类活动和政策因素是影响20年来土地利用变化的主要驱动因子,但人口数量的增加、经济的发展及环境政策的调整对研究区土地利用变化的影响更为显著;（5）1990-2010年流域耕地和林地面积分别增加了611.15 km2和543.19 km2,植被覆盖度由1990年的34.7%增加到2010年的40.8%。林地和耕地面积的增加均使得流域总蒸发量增加,灌溉用水增加,从而径流量减少,植被覆盖度的增加使得流域径流量和输沙量均降低。 相似文献
7.
Causes of land salinization were determined via land cover and hydrological process change detection in a typical part of Songnen Plain. The area of saline land increased from 4627 km2 in 1980 to 5416 km2 in 2000, and then decreased to 5198 km2 in 2015. The transformation between saline land and other land covers happened mainly before 2000, and saline land had transformation relationship mainly with cropland, grassland, and water body. From 1979 to 2007, groundwater depth fluctuated to increase and was mainly deeper than 3.3 m. Spatially, the area of the region where groundwater depth was deeper than 3.3 m increased from 46.7% in 1980 to 84% in 2000, while the area of the region almost occupied the whole region after 2000. Precipitation and evaporation changed little, while runoff decreased substantially. Shallow groundwater, change of cropland, grassland, and water body induced from human activities and decrease of runoff and increase of irrigation and water transfer from outer basin were the main reasons for land salinization before 2000. After 2000, groundwater with relatively great depth could not exert great influence on land salinization. Protection of grassland and wetland prevented the increase of the area of saline land. 相似文献
8.
额尔齐斯河-斋桑湖流域近20年来土地利用/土地覆被时空演变 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
土地利用/土地覆被变化(LUCC)是影响生态环境和气候变化的主要驱动力之一,同时又是受其影响的结果。LUCC研究对于开展生态环境变化及气候变化的研究均具有重要的意义。针对目前境外LUCC研究中土地利用/覆被分类效率低的问题,探索一种适用于大数据量而又精度较高的分类方法。以额尔齐斯河国外部分-斋桑湖流域为研究区域,以1990年及2007年的Landsat TM/ETM+夏秋季影像以及DEM作为数据源,综合利用影像光谱、纹理信息参与到决策树构造中,进而利用决策树分类方法分别提取这两个时期的土地利用/覆被空间分布信息,最后分析两个时期的土地利用时空变化状况。实验结果表明:(1)光谱与空间纹理信息参与的决策树分类方法具有较高的分类精度;(2)两个时期的土地利用变化分析发现,近20年来该区域土地利用发生了较大的变化,耕地和灌木林地大面积减少,而低覆盖度草地和未利用地却显著增加。 相似文献
9.
干旱区典型流域近30 a土地利用/覆被变化和景观破碎化分析——以玛纳斯河流域为例 总被引：18，自引：6，他引：12
利用1976年、1989年、2005年三期遥感影像,运用GIS和FRAGSTATS景观分析软件对玛纳斯河流域近30 a的土地利用/覆被变化和景观破碎化进行了研究。结果表明：①玛纳斯河流域土地利用/覆被在过去30 a间发生了普遍的变化。耕地、建设用地不断增加,而草地、林地、水域、盐碱地不断减少。耕地主要是在草地上开垦出来的。②绿洲内部的耕地趋于集聚状态,破碎性降低,而绿洲边缘的耕地,破碎性增强。草地面积大减,破碎性增强,退化严重。沙地、水域破碎性也不断增强,林地、未利用土地的破碎化于1989年增强,2005年减缓。③驱动力分析表明,流域变化是自然和人类活动共同作用的结果,其中人口的快速增长、政策环境的变化和自然环境变化如干旱等是最主要的驱动因素。 相似文献
10.
近年来新疆经济发展迅速,区域生态系统碳氧循环负荷加大,粗放的经济发展形势下生态系统碳氧平衡状态发生变化,生态环境质量出现下滑。本文利用土地变更数据和统计年鉴数据,结合相关研究的成熟模型,对新疆1999-2014年碳氧平衡状态进行估算与分析。结果表明：（1）土地变更中耕地、林地与牧草地面积变动对整体土地格局具有更强影响力,除牧草地外,各土地类型面积逐年稳定增加,其中园地与交通用地变化幅度较大。（2）新疆地区截止2014年末净CO2排放量占总固定量的36.04%。（3）截止2014年末净O2消耗量占总释放量的32.06%,自2003年以来氧消耗量已大于释放量,碳循环自1999年以来一直处于不平衡状态。（4）生态补偿机制表现出积极作用,CO2固定量增长4.56%,O2释放量增长13.81%。目前,新疆碳氧循环系统已处不平衡状态,虽然目前产生的负面影响仍很微弱,但长期以往势必对该区生态系统稳定造成不良影响,值得对其展开长期的连续观测。 相似文献
11.
黄河源地区草地退化空间特征 总被引：26，自引：1，他引：26
刘林山 张镱锂 摆万奇 YAN Jianzhong DING Mingjun SHEN Zhenxi LI Shuangcheng ZHENG Du 《地理学报(英文版)》2006,16(2):131-142
There are about 400 million hm2 of grassland in China, which account for 13% of the grassland in the world and 41% of the total land area of China. It is the biggest terrestrial ecosystem in China (Liu et al., 2003). Due to impacts of global change and ec… 相似文献
12.
大理市土地利用变化及其驱动力分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用大理市1995年和2000年两期TM影像解译土地利用数据,在GIS分析工具支持下,对土地利用变化和驱动因素进行分析,得出以下结论：（1）1995年到2000年这5年期间,土地利用变化总体呈现出林地和草地减少、耕地和建筑用地增加的趋势,水域面积变化不明显;（2）土地利用年变化率为0．5％,其中以建设用地面积的年变化率最大为5．84％,耕地和林地的年变化率分别为1．85％和-1．41％,而草地和水域年变化率较小,分别为-0．7％和0．01％;（3）土地利用类型转化主要呈现出林地和草地转化为耕地,耕地和草地转化为建筑用地,林地和草地相互转化的特点;（4）土地利用结构变化不明显,总体上表现出林地占优势,耕地、草地、水域相当的结构特征;（5）自然条件对土地利用结构具有重要的控制作用,而人口增长,政府行为决策和经济的发展直接影响土地利用的变化。 相似文献
13.
Glacier changes in the Qilian Mountains in the past half-century: Based on the revised First and Second Chinese Glacier Inventory 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Glaciers are the most important fresh-water resources in arid and semi-arid regions of western China. According to the Second Chinese Glacier Inventory (SCGI), primarily compiled from Landsat TM/ETM+ images, the Qilian Mountains had 2684 glaciers covering an area of 1597.81±70.30 km2 and an ice volume of ~84.48 km3 from 2005 to 2010. While most glaciers are small (85.66% are <1.0 km2), some larger ones (12.74% in the range 1.0–5.0 km2) cover 42.44% of the total glacier area. The Laohugou Glacier No.12 (20.42 km2) located on the north slope of the Daxue Range is the only glacier >20 km2 in the Qilian Mountains. Median glacier elevation was 4972.7 m and gradually increased from east to west. Glaciers in the Qilian Mountains are distributed in Gansu and Qinghai provinces, which have 1492 glaciers (760.96 km2) and 1192 glaciers (836.85 km2), respectively. The Shule River basin contains the most glaciers in both area and volume. However, the Heihe River, the second largest inland river in China, has the minimum average glacier area. A comparison of glaciers from the SCGI and revised glacier inventory based on topographic maps and aerial photos taken from 1956 to 1983 indicate that all glaciers have receded, which is consistent with other mountain and plateau areas in western China. In the past half-century, the area and volume of glaciers decreased by 420.81 km2 (–20.88%) and 21.63 km3 (–20.26%), respectively. Glaciers with areas <1.0 km2 decreased the most in number and area recession. Due to glacier shrinkage, glaciers below 4000 m completely disappeared. Glacier changes in the Qilian Mountains presented a clear longitudinal zonality, i.e., the glaciers rapidly shrank in the east but slowly in the central-west. The primary cause of glacier recession was warming temperatures, which was slightly mitigated with increased precipitation. 相似文献
14.
Using Landsat remote sensing images, we analyzed changes in each land use type and transitions among different land use types during land use and land cover change (LUCC) in Ningwu County, located in the eastern Loess Plateau of China, from 1990 to 2010. We found that grassland, woodland, and farmland were the main land use types in the study area, and the area of each type changed slightly from 1990 to 2010, whereas the area of water, construction land, and unused land increased greatly. For the whole area, the net change and total change were insignificant due to weak human activity intensity in most of the study area, and the LUCC was dominated by quasi-balanced two-way transitions from 1990 to 2010. The insignificant overall amount of LUCC appears to have resulted from offsetting of rapid increases in population, economic growth, and the implementation of a program to return farmland to woodland and grassland in 2000. This program converted more farmland into woodland and grassland from 2000 to 2010 than from 1990 to 2000, but reclamation of woodland and grassland for use as farmland continued from 2000 to 2010, and is a cause for concern to the local government. 相似文献
15.
榆林地区土地利用/覆被变化区域特征及其驱动机制分析 总被引：31，自引：18，他引：13
利用榆林地区1986、1995年土地利用现状图,在地理信息系统支持下建立土地利用变化转移矩阵,结合多年社会统计资料分析榆林地区10多年来的土地利用动态变化特征。研究结果表明：土地利用类型变化幅度大、流转方向较为集中,具体表现为农田总面积下降、耕地质量局部改善,林草覆盖面积增长、其它用地类型面积减少;从区域角度分析,南部黄土丘陵沟壑区耕地面积减少、成熟林地面积增加幅度大与西北部风沙区耕地面积轻微增加、天然草地优势地位增强形成鲜明对比,这种区域特征符合“因地制宜”规律,与“退耕还林还草”政策导向吻合。全区总人口及其区域分布、农民年均收入和农业人口比重为该区土地利用／覆被变化的主要驱动力,同时人们的环境保护意识和相应的土地政策也对该区土地利用／覆被变化产生较大影响。 相似文献
16.
Chandra Kant Pawe 《Geografisk tidskrift / udgivet af Bestyrelsen for Det Kongelige danske geografiske selskab》2018,118(1):88-100
Unplanned urban growth, particularly in developing countries has led to changes in land use/land cover (LULC). Numerous Indian cities face problems of unplanned LULC change due to nominal or non-existent planning efforts compounded by rapid urban population growth. The Guwahati Metropolitan Area (GMA) is one such urban centre. The present study assesses the trajectories of LULC change using Landsat imageries acquired in 1976, 1989, 2002 and 2015. Natural and semi natural vegetated area and artificial and natural water bodies decreased while built-up areas, cultivated and managed areas, and natural and semi natural non-vegetated areas increased. The built-up area increased from 23.9 in 1976 to 115.1 km2 in 2015 becoming the dominant land cover class accounting for 41.8% of the total geographical area. During this period, natural and semi natural vegetated land were reduced by 88.9 km2 at an annual rate of 2.2 km2. Over the years there was an increasing trend of built-up land and cultivated and managed areas in the peripheral areas of the city while natural and semi natural vegetated land diminished. Consequently, as in many other developing countries, there is an urgent need for the governmental authorities and other stakeholders to implement effective urban planning policies. 相似文献
17.
半城市化地区生态系统服务对土地利用/覆被变化的响应——以厦门市集美区为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
半城市化地区是在快速城市化进程中产生的一种过渡地域类型, 其土地利用特征表现为土地利用竞争和矛盾剧烈, 土地利用变化迅速的特征。土地利用/覆被的变化改变生态系统的结构与功能, 是对生态系统服务产生胁迫的主要驱动力之一。本文以厦门市集美半城市化地区为例, 分析半城市化地区生态系统服务对土地利用/覆被变化的响应, 基于对2007 年中国陆地生态系统服务价值当量修正的方法, 对半城市化地区生态系统服务价值(ESV)变化作出评估, 并通过土地系统和生态系统二者的耦合变化关系探讨生态系统服务对土地利用/覆被变化的响应过程。结果表明:①近20 年来, 集美半城市化地区生态系统服务价值总量随着土地利用强度增加呈现波动性变化, 总体上呈现负相关关系。②调节服务和文化服务是最主要的生态系统服务类型;土地利用强度与调节服务和支持服务呈现显著的负相关关系。③随着半城市化地区的快速城市化发展, 土地利用类型急剧转化, 城市建设用地大量增加, 预计集美半城市化地区未来ESV将继续降低, 可采取生态综合整治措施减缓ESV降低趋势。 相似文献
18.
利用2000年和2010年两期TM影像,应用遥感和GIS技术获取关中-天水经济区2000-2010年土地利用变化数据,对研究区土地利用时空状态进行分析,并借助CA-Markov模型对该地区土地利用变化趋势进行情景模拟,深入分析了10 a来和2020年研究区土地利用变化的数量和空间特征以及由此所引起的一系列生态环境效应,主要表现在：过去10 a来城镇建设用地面积增加迅速,耕地和草地面积则减少,城镇建设用地的扩展是通过占用大量城郊的农田来实现的,通过这10 a间的快速城市化进程看出,研究区的城市扩张和基本农田保护之间已经开始产生矛盾;研究区土地利用实际变迁面积约占全区总面积的24.39%,也就是说全区约1/4的土地在这10 a间都发生了变化,从而反映出人类活动之强烈;未来10 a耕地和草地面积将持续下降,耕地面积的减少速度变快,城镇建设用地面积仍然迅速增加,且主要有耕地和草地转化而来,未来10 a研究区土地利用实际变迁面积约占全区总面积的11.43%。景观指数的分析结果表明了研究区内的景观趋向破碎化、复杂化和均匀化发展,景观的稳定性和抗干扰性减小。 相似文献
19.
近30年玉门市土地利用与景观格局变化及其驱动力 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
干旱内陆河流域生态环境非常脆弱,是土地利用和景观格局变化的敏感区域,也是全球环境变化响应比较突出的区域。采用1976年、1989年、2000年和2010年的Landsat遥感影像,利用GIS技术和景观格局分析方法,系统地分析了疏勒河中游玉门市的土地利用和景观格局变化的时空特征,为研究区土地可持续利用政策的制定提供参考和依据。研究结果显示:近34a来,玉门市土地利用和景观格局发生了剧烈变化,土地利用变化经历了"缓慢变化—急剧变化—显著变化"的过程。研究区景观密度增大,多样性和均匀度先减小,后增加;不同斑块间的分离度减小。农业人口增长和经济发展是玉门市土地利用景观格局变化的最直接驱动力,同时还受气候因素和政策因素的影响。 相似文献
20.
In the semi-arid Main Ethiopian Rift Valley, ecological succession is related to continuous lake retreat. Human activity, through its impact on land use and cover, affects this ecological succession at various degrees. Through a remote sensing study, we explored how the drivers for land use and cover changes (LUCC) have changed over the last decades and which impact this has on ecological succession. Remote sensing data used include a Landsat MSS from 1973, a Landsat TM from 1986 and Landsat ETM+ from 2000; a conventional type of classification was used whereby supervised classification of the 2000 image was supplemented by unsupervised classification of the older images. Due to decreased rainfall and water abstraction for intense irrigated agriculture in its catchment, Lake Abijata lost 46% of its area between 2000 and 2006. On the emerged land, an ecological succession was observed along the environmental gradient of the retreating lake: emerged bare land, grassland, land with few scattered Acacia shrubs and open woodlands. Between 1986 and 2000, LUCC tendencies were totally reversed and woody vegetation decreased strongly, indicating increased human impact. This land degradation took place in a context of instable political situation, fuelwood extraction, higher population density and better communications. 相似文献