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1.
A companion paper (England & Thompson, 1984a) investigatesthe pressure-temperature-time (PTt) paths followed by rocksundergoing burial metamorphism in continental thickening events.This paper discusses problems involved in inferring such pathsfrom the petrological data available in metamorphic rocks and—oncesuch paths are determined—how they may be interpretedin terms of the thermal budgets of metamorphism. Each of theprincipal facies series (glaucophane-jadeite, andalusite- sillimaniteand kyanite-sillimanite) may be encountered by rocks involvedin the thickening and erosion of continental crust in a regimeof average continental heat flow. The inference of a minimumthermal budget required for a given metamorphism depends stronglyon a knowledge of the PTt paths followed by rocks during themetamorphism. Discrimination between possible thermal regimesis greatly enhanced if portions of PTt paths, rather than singlePT points, are available, and additional constraint is possibleif these paths are supplemented by geochronological, structuraland heat flow data.  相似文献   

2.
Magmatic accretion is potentially an important mechanism inthe growth of the continental crust and the formation of granulites.In this study, the thermal evolution of a magmatic arc in responseto magmatic accretion is modeled using numerical solutions ofthe one-dimensional heat conduction equation. The initial andboundary conditions used in the model are constrained by geologicalobservations made in the Kohistan area, NW Himalayas. Takingconsideration of the preferred intrusion locations for basalticmagmas, we consider two plausible modes of magmatic accretion:the first involves the repeated intrusion of basalt at mid-crustaldepths (‘intraplate model’), and the second evaluatesthe simultaneous intrusion of basalt and picrite at mid-crustaldepths and the base of the crust respectively (‘double-platemodel’). The results of the double-plate model accountfor both the inferred metamorphic P–T paths of the Kohistanmafic granulites and the continental geotherm determined frompeak P–T conditions observed for granulite terranes. Thedouble-plate model may be applicable as a key growth processfor the production of thick mafic lower crust in magmatic arcs. KEY WORDS: thermal model; magmatic underplating; P–T path; granulite; lower crust  相似文献   

3.
The exhumation of metamorphic domes within orogenic belts is exemplified by the Tauern window in the Eastern Alps. There, the exhumation is related to partitioning of final orogenic shortening into deep-seated thrusts, near-surface antiformal bending forming brachyanticlines, and almost orogen-parallel strike-slip faults due to oblique continental plate collision. Crustal thickening by formation of an antiformal stack within upper to middle crustal portions of the lower lithosphere is a prerequisite of late-stage orogenic window formation. Low-angle normal faults at releasing steps of crustal-scale strike-slip faults accomodate tectonic unloading of synchronously thickened crust and extension along strike of the orogen, forming pull-apart metamorphic domes. Initiation of low-angle normal faults is largely controlled by rock rheology, especially at the brittle-ductile transitional level within the lithosphere. Several mechanisms may contribute to uplift and exhumation of previously buried crust within such a setting: (1) Shortening along deep-seated blind thrusts results in the formation of brachyanticlines and bending of metamorphic isograds; (2) oversteps of strike-slip faults within the wrench zone control the final geometry of the window; (3) unloading by tectonic unroofing and erosional denudation; and (4) vertical extrusion of crustal scale wedges. Rapid decompression of previously buried crust results in nearly isothermal exhumation paths, and enhanced fluid circulation along subvertical tensile fractures (hydrothermal ore and silicate veins) that formed due to overall coaxial stretching of lower plate crust.  相似文献   

4.
P. Agard  P. Yamato  L. Jolivet  E. Burov 《Earth》2009,92(1-2):53-79
High-pressure low-temperature (HP–LT) metamorphic rocks provide invaluable constraints on the evolution of convergent zones. Based on a worldwide compilation of key information pertaining to fossil subduction zones (shape of exhumation P–T–t paths, exhumation velocities, timing of exhumation with respect to the convergence process, convergence velocities, volume of exhumed rocks,…), this contribution reappraises the burial and exhumation of oceanic blueschists and eclogites, which have received much less attention than continental ones during the last two decades.Whereas the buoyancy-driven exhumation of continental rocks proceeds at relatively fast rates at mantle depths (≥ cm/yr), oceanic exhumation velocities for HP–LT oceanic rocks, whether sedimentary or crustal, are usually on the order of the mm/yr. For the sediments, characterized by the continuity of the P–T conditions and the importance of accretionary processes, the driving exhumation mechanisms are underthrusting, detachment faulting and erosion. In contrast, blueschist and eclogite mafic bodies are systematically associated with serpentinites and/or a mechanically weak matrix and crop out in an internal position in the orogen.Oceanic crust rarely records P conditions > 2.0–2.3 GPa, which suggests the existence of maximum depths for the sampling of slab-derived oceanic crust. On the basis of natural observations and calculations of the net buoyancy of the oceanic crust, we conclude that beyond depths around 70 km there are either not enough serpentinites and/or they are not light enough to compensate the negative buoyancy of the crust.Most importantly, this survey demonstrates that short-lived (< ～ 15 My), discontinuous exhumation is the rule for the oceanic crust and associated mantle rocks: exhumation takes place either early (group 1: Franciscan, Chile), late (group 2: New Caledonia, W. Alps) or incidentally (group 3: SE Zagros, Himalayas, Andes, N. Cuba) during the subduction history. This discontinuous exhumation is likely permitted by the specific thermal regime following the onset of a young, warm subduction (group 1), by continental subduction (group 2) or by a major, geodynamic modification of convergence across the subduction zone (group 3; change of kinematics, subduction of asperities, etc).Understanding what controls this short-lived exhumation and the detachment and migration of oceanic crustal slices along the subduction channel will provide useful insights into the interplate mechanical coupling in subduction zones.  相似文献   

5.
邱燕  黄文凯  杜文波  韩冰 《地球科学》2021,46(3):899-915
南海中央海盆南、北两侧陆缘分布着面积较广的减薄陆壳,正确认识海盆减薄陆壳的成因是研究南海构造演化的重要一环.通过分析基于地壳伸展因子公式计算的南海地壳拉张伸展特征和解释中生代以来的陆壳隆升特征等,证实晚中生代以来至渐新世末,该区不仅发生了地壳拉张伸展作用,还发生了较长期的地壳隆升挤压作用,致使酸性侵入岩出露地表,减薄陆壳区的上地壳厚薄分布不均.始新世南海南部发育海陆过渡相和海相沉积、北部仅为陆相沉积,暗示始新世南海古地理格局是南、北陆缘具有不同沉积环境的盆地群,二者之间应该被隆起所隔.这些地质现象说明该区地壳隆升剥蚀与地壳拉张伸展活动时间有较长的重叠.南海中央海盆两侧减薄陆壳的成因不仅仅是地壳拉张伸展所致,而是拉张伸展与隆升剥蚀共同作用的结果,因此可以认为在曾经发生了地壳隆升挤压而遭受长期剥蚀的区域,如果用全地壳伸展因子的公式来估算地壳拉张伸展程度,将得出错误的结论.   相似文献   

6.
都兰榴辉岩地体位于柴北缘—南阿尔金超高压变质带的东端,是唯一确定含柯石英的超高压变质地体,约700 km,其特点是含有两个特征不同的变质亚带,并经历了不同的折返过程。柯石英假像和温压计算表明两带榴辉岩峰期变质的压力都在柯石英的稳定域（2.8~3.3 GPa）,但它们退化变质的p–T 轨迹具有明显不同的特征。北带榴辉岩经历了两个阶段的折返：早期从地幔深度快速折返到中部地壳层次,伴随岩石的等温降压,并发生角闪岩相退化变质;晚期抬升到地壳浅部。都兰南带榴辉岩折返过程中经历了高压麻粒岩相变质的改造,高压麻粒岩阶段的p–T条件为p＝1.9~2.0 GPa,T＝873~948℃, 并进一步经历了角闪岩相退化变质,说明都兰南带榴辉岩折返速率较慢,发生了壳幔过渡带（或加厚的深部地壳）层次的强烈热松弛。这种热松弛发生在许多大陆俯冲带的超高压岩石的折返过程中,并且是榴辉岩发生深熔作用的主要机制。都兰两个变质带不同的变质演化轨迹反映了俯冲的大陆地壳具有差异折返的特征。  相似文献   

7.
A high-grade metamorphic terrane in the southern part of theCalabrian massif (South Italy) has been petrographically mappedand the dominant rock types petrologically investigated. Bothmethods of investigation have led to the recognition of a continuoussection through a former lower crust which is 7 km thick. Itslower part consists predominantly of metabasic rocks togetherwith minor felsic granulites, its upper part of metapeliteswith minor metabasic and metacarbonate rocks. The rocks experienced a common two-stage prograde metamorphicevolution in which the second stage occurred after the lastpenetrative deformation. The prograde metamorphism which, accordingto radiometric dates, ended in late Hercynian time, was of themedium-pressure type of Miyashiro (1961), and equilibrationoccurred in the ‘medium-pressure granulite field’(characterized by the instability of olivine-plagioclase aswell as garnet-clinopyroxene-quartz). Estimates of the highestP—T conditions of prograde metamorphism give 7–8kb and approximately 800°C at the base, but 5–6 kband 650–700°C at the top of the section, at whichthe paragenesis staurolite-quartz indicates the transition tothe amphibolite facies. The existence of a metamorphic gradientin the lower crust section is demonstrated by the systematicchange in the compositions of ferro-magnesian minerals in divariantmetapelitic assemblages. The metamorphic evolution during the excavation history of theformer lower crust has been reconstructed using the numerousdisequilibrium reaction textures preserved in most rock types.The highest metamorphic conditions ended with a pressure decreaseof approximately 1.5 to 2 kb, which was followed by a periodof quasi-isobaric cooling in the middle crust. During this cooling,the stability field of the ‘high-pressure granulites’(garnet-clinopyroxene-quartz) was reached. The pressure decrease, which induced the end of the high-temperaturehistory of the lower crust, is interpreted as reflecting theerosion of the uppermost crustal levels as a response to overlappingof large crustal segments during the Hercynian orogeny. Consequently,the deduced P—T path of the upper, i.e. overthrust crustalsegment is thought to have been tectonically controlled.  相似文献   

8.
The Menderes Massif and the overlying Lycian Nappes occupy anextensive area of SW Turkey where high-pressure–low-temperaturemetamorphic rocks occur. Precise retrograde P–T pathsreflecting the tectonic mechanisms responsible for the exhumationof these high-pressure–low-temperature rocks can be constrainedwith multi-equilibrium P–T estimates relying on localequilibria. Whereas a simple isothermal decompression is documentedfor the exhumation of high-pressure parageneses from the southernMenderes Massif, various P–T paths are observed in theoverlying Karaova Formation of the Lycian Nappes. In the uppermostlevels of this unit, far from the contact with the MenderesMassif, all P–T estimates depict cooling decompressionpaths. These high-pressure cooling paths are associated withtop-to-the-NNE movements related to the Akçakaya shearzone, located at the top of the Karaova Formation. This zoneof strain localization is a local intra-nappe contact that wasactive in the early stages of exhumation of the high-pressurerocks. In contrast, at the base of the Karaova Formation, alongthe contact with the Menderes Massif, P–T calculationsshow decompressional heating exhumation paths. These paths areassociated with severe deformation characterized by top-to-the-eastshearing related to a major shear zone (the Gerit shear zone)that reflects late exhumation of high-pressure parageneses underwarmer conditions. KEY WORDS: exhumation; high-pressure–low-temperature metamorphism; multi-equilibrium P–T estimates; Lycian Nappes; Menderes Massif  相似文献   

9.
A large database of structural, geochronological and petrological data combined with a Bouguer anomaly map is used to develop a two‐stage exhumation model of deep‐seated rocks in the eastern sector of the Variscan belt. An early sub‐vertical fabric developed in the orogenic lower and middle crust during intracrustal folding followed by the vertical extrusion of the lower crustal rocks. These events were responsible for exhumation of the orogenic lower crust from depths equivalent to 18?20 kbar to depths equivalent to 8?10 kbar, and for coeval burial of upper crustal rocks to depths equivalent to 8–9 kbar. Following the folding and vertical extrusion event, sub‐horizontal fabrics developed at medium to low pressure in the orogenic lower and middle crust during vertical shortening. Fabrics that record the early vertical extrusion originated between 350 and 340 Ma, during building of an orogenic root in response to SE‐directed Saxothuringian continental subduction. Fabrics that record the later sub‐horizontal exhumation event relate to an eastern promontory of the Brunia continent indenting into the rheologically weaker rocks of the orogenic root. Indentation initiated thrusting or flow of the orogenic crust over the Brunia continent in a north‐directed sub‐horizontal channel. This sub‐horizontal flow operated between 330 and 325 Ma, and was responsible for a heterogeneous mixing of blocks and boudins of lower and middle crustal rocks and for their progressive thermal re‐equilibration. The erosion depth as well as the degree of reworking decreases from south to north, pointing to an outflow of lower crustal material to the surface, which was subsequently eroded and deposited in a foreland basin. Indentation by the Brunia continental promontory was highly noncoaxial with respect to the SE‐oriented Saxothuringian continental subduction in the Early Visean, suggesting a major switch of plate configuration during the Middle to Late Visean.  相似文献   

10.
The Archaean Karnataka craton of southern India contains Eastern and Western crustal blocks (separated by a major thurst) in which Sargur Schists occur as lenses within tonalitic Peninsular Gneisses. The Schist complex comprises pelites, quartzitic psammites, carbonates and calc-silicates, iron formations, and basic rocks, and thus provides many mineral assemblages ideal for the calculation of PT conditions. With their gneisses the Sargur rocks are unconformably overlain by the Dharwar greenstone belts, and are generally thought to be older than 3,000 my.In the Western block maximum metamorphic conditions are given by meta-basic rocks as 790±50° C and 13±2 kb, but adjacent meta-sediments give a pressure of 9 kb, suggesting that the differences in P and T recorded in this block mark a polychronic metamorphic geotherm related to the exhumation of the terrain by uplift and erosion. In the eastern block maximum temperatures were in the range 750°-850° C and maximum pressures were 7 kb. The rocks of the two blocks were sampled 100 km apart, and thus there was probably a regional pressure difference between the two blocks caused by differentiated crustal thickening prior to or during metamorphism.The shape of the geotherm from the Western block shows near-isothermal decompression over 20 km. Our data suggest that during Sargur metamorphism maximum crustal thicknesses were in excess of 45 km and that there was a minimum difference of 20 km in crustal thickness between the Eastern and Western blocks.  相似文献   

11.
Exhumation has been recognised as a key factor in understanding the dynamics of a mountain belt. Normal faulting, erosion and ductile thinning are the three basic mechanisms to exhume the deeper high grade metamorphic rocks to the surface. Convergent orogenic belts are characterised by over-thickening of the crust due to thrusting and folding. The interplay of uplift due to over-thickening of crust and climatic-erosion is the most plausible mechanism of exhumation as suggested by the numerical models and analogue experiments. The analysis of 534 thermo-chronological dates through 1D-thermal numerical model in the Himalaya suggest that the exhumation is dominantly due to erosion but the pattern of erosion is controlled by local tectonic activities in different sector of the Himalaya since Miocene, indicating that tectonic force as the prime mechanism of exhumation in Himalaya.  相似文献   

12.
超高压变质岩的塑性流变学   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  
钟增球  索书田 《现代地质》2007,21(2):203-212
岩石流变作用是大陆造山作用的基本特征,超高压岩石的形成和折返过程也是大陆深俯冲带内物质的复杂流变过程。要深入理解大陆造山带的造山作用和大陆壳岩石的深俯冲和折返动力学过程,必须对大陆地壳及地幔岩石的流变学进行深入研究。岩石圈流变学的主要研究内容主要包括流变学分层性、变形分解和应变局部化及大陆壳岩石部分熔融作用的流变学效应等。应用岩石圈流变学的基本原理和方法,分析了大别-苏鲁超高压变质带中超高压变质岩的塑性流变特点,探讨了超高压变质岩形成和折返过程的塑性流变学。  相似文献   

13.
Caledonian orogenesis in NE Greenland resulted from the collision of Laurentia and Baltica during the Ordovician–Silurian. Anatectic pelites within the metasedimentary Smallefjord Sequence record a clockwise P – T  path, the result of early crustal thickening at c . 445–440 Ma and subsequent exhumation of the high-grade metamorphic core by a combination of ductile extension and tectonic denudation. The early prograde segment of the path followed a shallow, near-isothermal trajectory and attained a metamorphic peak of c . 9.0–10.0 kbar at >790 and <850 °C. Prograde metamorphism initiated anatexis of pelites in the kyanite stability field and continued with sillimanite stable. Inclusion trails in the garnet cores are textural remnants of early deformation, which occurred either before or during prograde metamorphism. The peak metamorphic conditions are anomalously high in the context of thermal models and P – T  paths for continental collision zones. The additional heat input required to promote migmatization may have been provided by advection as lower crustal high-pressure rocks and the uppermost mantle were uplifted following lithospheric thinning at an early stage in the orogeny. The prograde path was interrupted by the development of retrograde extensional shear fabrics defined by biotite+sillimanite and associated with garnet breakdown. Field observations indicate that ductile extension was accompanied by melt extraction, transport and emplacement of intracrustal granites dated at c . 430 Ma. Regional ductile extension and exhumation probably resulted from the development of gravitational instabilities within the overthickened crust during continental collision.  相似文献   

14.
大别山超高压变质岩折返机制与华北-华南陆块碰撞过程   总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18  
李曙光 《地学前缘》2004,11(3):63-70
古地磁研究表明华北和华南陆块的碰撞始于三叠纪初 ,止于晚侏罗世 ;同位素年代学研究及大别山北部中—上侏罗统砾岩层中榴辉岩砾石的发现表明大别山超高压变质岩形成于三叠纪初 ,并在中—晚侏罗世出露于地表。因此 ,超高压变质岩是在陆陆碰撞过程中完成它的折返出露过程。揭示超高压变质岩的折返历史与机制有助于我们认识大陆的碰撞过程。大别山超高压变质岩及其围岩θ t冷却曲线显示超高压变质岩从 80 0℃到 3 0 0℃经历了三个阶段 :( 2 2 6± 3 )～ ( 2 1 9± 7)Ma期间从80 0℃到 5 0 0℃的第一次快速冷却 ,1 80～ 1 70Ma期间从 4 5 0℃到 3 0 0℃的第二次快速冷却 )和介于两者之间的等温过程。这一具有两次快速冷却的θ t曲线已被近年来的若干年代学数据所证实。超高压变质岩的两次快速冷却事件反映了两次快速抬升过程。在东秦岭及苏鲁地体东端发育的同碰撞花岗岩U Pb年龄值为 2 2 5～ 2 0 5Ma,与超高压变质岩第一次快速冷却时代吻合。这种时代耦合关系表明俯冲板片断离可能是超高压变质岩第一次快速抬升和冷却的重要机制。大别山Pb同位素填图揭示出南大别带超高压变质岩具有高反射成因Pb特征 ,因而源于俯冲的上地壳 ;而北大别带超高压变质岩具有低放射成因Pb特征 ,源于俯冲长英质下地壳。这表明在俯  相似文献   

15.
超高压变质岩中柯石英-石英相变动力学研究的评述   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
含柯石英超高压变质岩的发现是陆过 幔深部俯冲的岩石学语气也揭示了深部变质深种物折返地表的可能性。超高压变质岩的开 折返机制是当前地球科学中最有挑战性的前沿课题之一,具有深刻的大陆动力学意义。  相似文献   

16.
Three complexes in the zones of the Ishimbinskii and Tatarka deep faults in the Transangarian part of the Yenisei Range were studied to reproduce their metamorphic evolution and elucidate distinctive features of regional geodynamic processes. The results of our geological and petrological studies with the application of geothermobarometry and P-T metamorphic paths indicate that the Neoproterozoic kyanite-sillimanite intermediate-pressure metamorphism overprinted regionally metamorphosed rocks of low pressure of Middle Riphean age. The kyanite-sillimanite metamorphism was characterized by (1) the development of deformational structures and textures and kyanite-bearing blastomylonites with sillimanite, garnet, and staurolite after andalusite-bearing regional-metamorphic mineral assemblages; (2) insignificant apparent thickness of the zone of intermediate-pressure zonal metamorphism (from 2.5 to 7 km), which was localized near overthrusts; (3) a low geothermal gradient during metamorphism (from 1–7 to 12°C/km); and (4) a gradual increase in the total metamorphic pressure from southwest to northeast with approaching the overthrusts. These features are typical of collisional metamorphism during the thrusting of continental blocks and testify that the rocks subsided nearly isothermally. The process is justified within the scope of a model for the tectonic thickening of the crust via rapid thrusting and subsequent rapid exhumation and erosion. The analysis of our results with regard for the northeastern dips of the thrusts allowed us to consider the intermediate-pressure metapelites as products of collision metamorphism, which were formed in the process of a single thrusting of ancient rock blocks from the Siberian Platform onto the Yenisei Range.  相似文献   

17.
《Gondwana Research》2014,25(2):494-508
Large segments of the continental crust are known to have formed through the amalgamation of oceanic plateaus and continental fragments. However, mechanisms responsible for terrane accretion remain poorly understood. We have therefore analysed the interactions of oceanic plateaus with the leading edge of the continental margin using a thermomechanical–petrological model of an oceanic-continental subduction zone with spontaneously moving plates. This model includes partial melting of crustal and mantle lithologies and accounts for complex rheological behaviour including viscous creep and plastic yielding. Our results indicate that oceanic plateaus may either be lost by subduction or accreted onto continental margins. Complete subduction of oceanic plateaus is common in models with old (> 40 Ma) oceanic lithosphere whereas models with younger lithosphere often result in terrane accretion. Three distinct modes of terrane accretion were identified depending on the rheological structure of the lower crust and oceanic cooling age: frontal plateau accretion, basal plateau accretion and underplating plateaus.Complete plateau subduction is associated with a sharp uplift of the forearc region and the formation of a basin further landward, followed by topographic relaxation. All crustal material is lost by subduction and crustal growth is solely attributed to partial melting of the mantle.Frontal plateau accretion leads to crustal thickening and the formation of thrust and fold belts, since oceanic plateaus are docked onto the continental margin. Strong deformation leads to slab break off, which eventually terminates subduction, shortly after the collisional stage has been reached. Crustal parts that have been sheared off during detachment melt at depth and modify the composition of the overlying continental crust.Basal plateau accretion scrapes oceanic plateaus off the downgoing slab, enabling the outward migration of the subduction zone. New incoming oceanic crust underthrusts the fractured terrane and forms a new subduction zone behind the accreted terrane. Subsequently, hot asthenosphere rises into the newly formed subduction zone and allows for extensive partial melting of crustal rocks, located at the slab interface, and only minor parts of the former oceanic plateau remain unmodified.Oceanic plateaus may also underplate the continental crust after being subducted to mantle depth. (U)HP terranes are formed with peak metamorphic temperatures of 400–700 °C prior to slab break off and subsequent exhumation. Rapid and coherent exhumation through the mantle along the former subduction zone at rates comparable to plate tectonic velocities is followed by somewhat slower rates at crustal levels, accompanied by crustal flow, structural reworking and syndeformational partial melting. Exhumation of these large crustal volumes leads to a sharp surface uplift.  相似文献   

18.
Five domains (microplates) have been recognized by seismic anisotropy in the mantle lithosphere of the Bohemian Massif. The mantle domains correspond to major crustal units and each of the domains bears a consistent fossil olivine fabric formed before their Variscan assembly. The present-day mantle fabric indicates that this process consisted of at least three oceanic subductions, each followed by an underthrusting of the continental lithosphere. The seismic anisotropy does not detect remnants of the oceanic subductions, but it can trace boundaries of the preserved continental domains subsequently underthrust along the paths of previous oceanic subductions. The most robust continent–continent collision was followed by westward underthrusting of the Brunovistulian mantle lithosphere, still detectable by seismic anisotropy more than 100 km beneath the Moldanubian mantle lithosphere. Major occurrences of the high-pressure/ultra high-pressure (HP–UHP) rocks follow the ENE and NNE oriented sutures and boundaries of the mantle–lithosphere domains mapped from three-dimensional modeling of body-wave anisotropy. The HP–UHP rocks are products of oceanic subductions and the following underthrusting of the continental crust and mantle lithosphere exhumed along the mantle boundaries. The close relation of the mantle sutures and occurrences of the HP–UHP rocks near the paleosubductions testifies for models interpreting the granulite–garnet peridotite association by oceanic/continental subduction/underthrusting followed by the exhumation of deep-seated rocks. Our findings support the bivergent subduction model of tectonic development of the central part of the Bohemian Massif. The inferences from seismic anisotropy image the Bohemian Massif as a mosaic of microplates with a rigid mantle lithosphere preserving a fossil olivine fabric. The collisional mantle boundaries, blurred by tectonometamorphic processes in easily deformed overlying crust, served as major exhumation channels of the HP–UHP rocks.  相似文献   

19.
北秦岭松树沟榴辉岩的确定及其地质意义   总被引：9，自引：8，他引：1  
陈丹玲  任云飞  宫相宽  刘良  高胜 《岩石学报》2015,31(7):1841-1854
松树沟石榴石角闪岩(榴闪岩)呈透镜状产于松树沟超镁铁岩旁侧的斜长角闪岩中,一直以来被认为是形成于接触交代变质或麻粒岩相变质过程。详细岩相学及矿物元素分析,在榴闪岩的基质矿物、石榴石幔部及锆石包体中发现残留的绿辉石,而且石榴石也保存了明显的进变质主、微量元素成分环带,表明松树沟榴闪岩为榴辉岩退变质的产物,至少经历了从角闪岩相到榴辉岩相再到角闪岩相的三阶段顺时针PT演化过程。锆石定年结果得到榴辉岩的变质年龄为500±8Ma,原岩结晶时代为796±16Ma,与秦岭岩群北侧官坡超高压榴辉岩的变质年龄和原岩年龄完全一致,也与北秦岭区域高压-超高压变质时代和原岩的结晶时代一致。表明松树沟榴辉岩与北秦岭造山带已发现的高压-超高压变质岩石一起都应是古生代大陆深俯冲作用的结果,而松树沟超镁铁岩可能是俯冲的大陆板片在折返过程中携带的俯冲隧道中的交代地幔岩。  相似文献   

20.
Gangdese batholith in the southern Lhasa block is a key location for exploring the Tibetan Plateau uplift and exhumation history. We present the new low-temperature thermochronological data from two north–south traverses in the central Gangdese batholith to reveal their cooling histories and corresponding controls. Zircon fission track ages show prominent clusters ranging from 23.7 to 51.6 Ma, apatite fission track ages from 9.4 to 36.9 Ma, apatite (U–Th)/He ages between 9.5 and 12.3 Ma, and one zircon (U–Th)/He age around 77.8 Ma. These new data and thermal modeling, in combination with the regional geological data, suggest that the distinct parts of Gangdese batholith underwent different cooling histories resulted from various dynamic mechanisms. The Late Eocene–Early Oligocene exhumation of northern Gangdese batholith, coeval with the magmatic gap, might be triggered by crust thickening followed by the breakoff of Neotethyan slab, while this stage of exhumation in southern Gangdese batholith cannot be clearly elucidated probably because the most of plutonic rocks with the information of this cooling event were eroded away. Since then, the northern Gangdese batholith experienced a slow and stable exhumation, while the southern Gangdese batholith underwent two more stages of exhumation. The Late Oligocene–Early Miocene rapid cooling might be a response to denudation caused by the Gangdese Thrust or related to the regional uplift and exhumation in extensional background. By the early Miocene, the rapid exhumation was associated with localized river incision or intensification of Asian monsoon, or north–south normal fault.  相似文献   

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