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The article develops a theme from Sund & Isachsen (1942) dealing with Oslo's urban expansion. The author discusses population growth rates by zone and district of the expanding agglomeration from the 1920's up to the present. The figures demonstrate an almost classical outward expansion with a corresponding typical decrease in the city proper and the inner zone. The changing location of large offices and factories is indicated. An attempt is made to break down employment figures to show quaternary activities. The recent changes in planning attitudes are briefly discussed, and Oslo of the future envisaged.  相似文献   

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Natural-resource space (NRS) is a set of resource-containing components of geographical environment as taken in a spatiotemporal continuum. We suggest different types and levels of NRS: global, national, regional and local; space of homogeneous resources, and territorial combinations of natural resources, and others. Borders are identified as really existing transitional zones between NRS of different types and levels, and institutional boundaries. Ecological-resource space is singled out, given a connectivity of national and regional NRS, with portions of transboundary geosystems going beyond their boundaries.  相似文献   

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Formulations of anti- and postdevelopment are held by some critics to be more appropriate and sensitive successors to development, predicated on the assumption that it is essential to escape and transcend the discredited nature of 'the development project'. Yet, many such proposals remain unsubstantiated or have not provided significant gains beyond the now very animated theoretical debates. This paper seeks to transcend some of the associated divisions that are hampering progress towards the largely shared goals. A process of progressive convergence in alternative, critical and postdevelopment thinking is advocated and this paper outlines some promising directions being taken by such discursive and practical endeavours.  相似文献   

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Global city-regions: trends, theory, policy   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Phillip O'Neill 《Area》2003,35(3):326-327
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Kevin R. Cox. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishers, 2002. xiv and 382 pp., maps, diags., photos., and index. $36.95 paper (ISBN 0‐631‐22679‐6) Reviewed by Douglas Reardon, Department of History, Geography, and Global Studies, Coppin State College, Baltimore, MD  相似文献   

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Although acts of creation, scientific or artistic, result from metaphorical and mythological speculations, the role of metaphor and myth has largely been neglected in attempts to develop a geographical epistemology. The significance of these concepts is illustrated by the use of the frontier symbol as a means of understanding both the social structure of the contemporary black inner city and the temporal dimension of the recent expansion of human activities into nighttime.  相似文献   

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In‐field conservation of locally domesticated crop varieties ameliorates agrobiodiversity losses, but the interaction among nationally regulated socioeconomic factors at the local scale tends to discourage this. Analyses of household surveys conducted in Ecuador demonstrate that state and nongovernmental institutions interact to discourage cultivation of locally domesticated varieties of beans (Phaseolus spp.). Land privatization, agricultural extension, and credit programs favor market production of introduced modern bean varieties, and locally domesticated varieties are noted for favorable nutrition, culinary, and agroecological qualities. Resolving disconnections between the market and social values for landrace beans may provide agrobiodiversity conservation opportunities.  相似文献   

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Tropical deforestation is widely believed to directly influence the climate at a number of scales. Yet while much has been written about the tropical forest-climate relationship, there is little empirical evidence showing if and how local and regional climates are modified by deforestation. This study presents the results of an analysis of deforestation and climate change in a rain forest in southern Mexico. Records from 18 climate stations in the Selva Lacandona of Chiapas, Mexico were examined and related to an analysis of deforestation based on Landsat images. The area surrounding some stations has been deforested since the stations were established, while the area surroundings others has remained forested. Strong climatic trends were generally evident at the deforested stations, including decreases in the average daily maximum temperature and temperature range. No precipitation changes were observed. A comparison of the results with microclimatic experiments and modeling studies suggests that the climatic impacts of deforestation are overgeneralized at the local scale. Landscape heterogeneity appears to influence the biophysical mechanisms linking tropical forests and climate, and should be explicitly represented in modeling studies.  相似文献   

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