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以植物组织培养技术培养的水花生愈伤组织为实验材料,研究了过量Zn2+(0、0.2、0.4、0.8、1.6 mmol/L)对水花生愈伤组织的氧化损伤及多胺代谢的影响.结果表明,随着Zn2+浓度增加:(1)水花生愈伤组织的超氧阴离子产生速率和硫代巴比妥酸反应物水平显著提升,超氧化物歧化酶活性明显抑制,叶绿素a含量显著降低;(2)精氨酸脱羧酶和鸟氨酸脱羧酶活性均升高,多胺氧化酶和二胺氧化酶活性在低Zn2+浓度处升高、高Zn2+浓度处降低;(3)总腐胺和总精胺含量在低Zn2+浓度处降低、高Zn2+浓度处增加,总亚精胺含量仅在Zn2+浓度为1.6 mmol/L时有显著增加;(4)游离态腐胺含量变化与总腐胺含量相似,游离态亚精胺含量在高Zn2+浓度时下降,游离态精胺含量仅在Zn2+浓度为0.2 mmol/L时略有下降;(5)结合态腐胺和精胺在Zn2+浓度为0.2 mmol/L时下降而在其余处理组中上升,结合态亚精胺含量各处理组中均增加;(6)束缚态腐胺和亚精胺含量均下降.可见,过量Zn2+胁迫导致水花生愈伤组织氧化性损伤,并扰乱其多胺代谢平衡;束缚态多胺向结合态多胺的转化是过量Zn2+胁迫下水花生愈伤组织多胺代谢变化的一个显著特征;以结合态为代表的内源性多胺积累对水花生愈伤组织抵抗过量Zn2+胁迫具有重要意义. 相似文献
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本文研究了不同浓度Cu2+(0、1、2、4、8、12μmol/L)对菹草无菌苗多胺(PAs)及活性氧代谢的影响.结果表明,随着Cu2+处理浓度的升高:(1)菹草无菌苗植株的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性逐渐上升,过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性则表现为先升后降;(2)超氧阴离子(O2.-)产生速率逐渐增大,过氧化氢(H2O2)和丙二醛(MDA)有所积累,可溶性蛋白含量降低;(3)游离态多胺含量与多胺总含量的变化一致,均表现为腐胺(Put)含量先升后降,亚精胺(Spd)含量逐渐降低,精胺(Spm)含量逐渐上升;游离态多胺(Spd+Spm)/Put的比值在高浓度Cu2+胁迫时迅速上升;结合态Put和Spm的含量变化与游离态的变化一致,而结合态Spd的含量与对照相比均略有上升;束缚态Put和Spd含量先升后降,而Spm含量则逐渐降低;(4)精氨酸脱羧酶(ADC)、多胺氧化酶(PAO)和二胺氧化酶(DAO)活性均表现为先升后降,而鸟氨酸脱羧酶(ODC)活性变化不明显.可见,Cu2+对菹草无菌苗造成了明显的氧化胁迫,抗氧化酶活性的升高,Spm含量的升高,Put向Spd和Spm的转化以及不同状态多胺之间的转化,在菹草无菌苗抵抗Cu2+胁迫过程中发挥着重要的作用. 相似文献
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本文以组织培养技术培养的菹草无菌苗为实验材料,研究了2 mmol/L外源鸟氨酸(L-Orn)对40μmol/L镉(Cd)胁迫下菹草体内Cd含量、光合色素水平、超氧阴离子(O·-2)产生速率、过氧化氢(H2O2)、丙二醛(MDA)与可溶性蛋白含量以及脯氨酸和多胺代谢的影响.结果显示:(1)在单一Cd胁迫下,菹草体内的Cd大量积累,达到335.00μg/g,并诱导了明显的氧化胁迫,具体表现为O·-2产生速率以及H2O2和MDA含量显著升高,可溶性蛋白以及光合色素含量明显下降.外源L-Orn的添加很大程度上抑制了菹草体内Cd的积累,Cd含量降至232.50μg/g,并降低了活性氧(ROS)水平,减轻了膜脂过氧化程度,减缓了光合色素和可溶性蛋白的分解.(2)在单一Cd胁迫下,伴随着吡咯啉-5-羧酸合成酶(P5CS)活性的增加和脯氨酸脱氢酶(ProDH)活性的下降,菹草体内的脯氨酸含量轻微增加,仅为对照组的1.91倍,而外源L-Orn显著增强了P5CS和δ-鸟氨酸转氨酶(OAT)的活性,使脯氨酸含量大幅度升高,为对照组的8.36倍.(3)单一Cd胁迫分别通过激活精氨酸脱羧酶(ADC)、鸟氨酸脱羧酶(ODC)和多胺氧化酶(PAO)的活性,使腐胺(Put)的含量增加,亚精胺(Spd)和精胺(Spm)含量减少.而施用外源L-Orn后,ADC和ODC的活性进一步增强,Put的含量大幅增加,并促进Put向Spd和Spm的转化,同时PAO的活性下降,使Spd和Spm含量增加,从而使总多胺含量增加.由此可见,外施L-Orn可通过抑制Cd的进入和参与调节脯氨酸以及多胺代谢,抑制ROS的积累、膜脂过氧化、光合色素以及蛋白质的分解,一定程度上增强菹草对Cd胁迫的抗性. 相似文献
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湿地中碱性磷酸酶的动力学特征与水生植物的关系 总被引：12，自引：1，他引：11
本文讨论了种植菹草 (PotamogetoncrispusL .)、水花生 (AlternanthearphiloxeroidesGriseb .)、紫背浮萍 (Spirodelapolyrhiza(L .)Schleid .)以及对照实验池 (12 .5m× 9.5m)过滤 (小于0 4 5 μm)与未过滤水样和沉积物中碱性磷酸酶的动力学特征及其分布 .水生植被能降低水样和表层沉积物酶的催化效率 ,抑制作用因植物的种类而异 ,且在未过滤水中表现得尤为突出 .因此 ,受抑制者多与较大的颗粒相联系 ,这一结果暗示植物克藻效应的胞外酶学机制 .水生植物种植区表层沉积物的低酶活性是其中有机磷不易矿化故得以保持从而改善水质的可能原因 ,而深层沉积物酶的反应速度则明显高于对照 .湿地亚表层沉积物因其具有的理论与实际意义而值得深入研究 相似文献
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文中将921台湾集集地震主震的404组强震记录按照不同震中距和场地类别分组,对加速度水平分量和垂直分量的持时、峰值加速度(PGA)、包络线、反应谱比值进行了统计分析。结果表明,场地条件对不同分量加速度时间历程的若干特征有显著的影响,而且比较复杂。此外,断层方向对地震动水平特性也有一定的影响。具体研究结果为:1)地震动水平分量的持时随着场地依次变软而增大;2)断层方向对PGA衰减特征有一定影响;3)不同震中距离和场地条件下集散的时间里程的包线基本上都是单峰点的时间函数;地震动加速度水平分量包络线与竖向分量包络线有明显的不同;4)在震中距相同的条件下,场地愈软弱,周期愈短,谱比值EW/SN愈接近1。场地愈软,在短周期(<0.1s)段,V/H谱比值是变大的趋势,而在长周期(>特征周期)段则是变小的趋势;而且相对来说V/EW谱比值随场地变软而减小的趋势相对要强一些 相似文献
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对Cr6+胁迫条件下不同pH处理对菹草无菌苗元素、光合色素、活性氧、丙二醛、抗氧化酶、脯氨酸(Pro)及多胺(PAs)含量的影响进行研究,以探讨不同pH处理影响水生植物Cr6+毒害效应的机制.结果表明:(1)偏酸性pH处理加剧菹草对铬的蓄积,而pH为7.0时Cr6+胁迫所造成的矿质元素失衡有所减弱;(2)Cr6+胁迫下pH为6.0~8.0的处理延缓了菹草的失绿症状,促进了光合色素的合成;(3)Cr6+胁迫下菹草超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶的活性在pH为6.0和7.0的处理组诱导程度最小;(4)Cr6+胁迫下pH为6.0和7.0处理的菹草Pro含量显著提高;(5)pH为4.0和5.0的处理使腐胺(Put)含量显著提高,而pH为6.0和7.0的处理则促进亚精胺(Spd)含量及游离态(Spd+Spm)/Put比值上升,精胺(Spm)含量总体趋势为随pH值升高而逐步上升,仅在pH为4.0和5.0的处理组中低于Cr6+胁迫对照组.因此,pH条件可影响菹草对铬及营养元素的积累,抗氧化酶、Pro、PAs代谢等生理生化过程,导致铬毒性效应差异.在pH为6.0~7.0的范围内,菹草能调节抗氧化酶系统,较有效地清除体内活性氧,提高机体中Pro、PAs含量及游离态(Spd+Spm)/Put比值,减轻膜系统脂质过氧化,维持机体内矿质元素平衡,致使毒性效应达到最小程度. 相似文献
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以组织培养的菹草无菌苗为实验材料,研究了外源Ca(NO3)2的添加对汞(Hg)胁迫下菹草体内Hg积累、矿质元素、光合色素、活性氧、丙二醛(MDA)、维生素C(VC)、维生素E(VE)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)以及多胺(PAs)代谢产生的影响效应机制.结果表明:(1)Hg胁迫下,菹草体内Hg大量积累,达165.79μg/g(FW),并伴随矿质元素P、K、Fe、Mg和Na含量的明显降低.外源Ca(NO3)2的添加很大程度上可抑制菹草体内Hg积累,使其降至110.15μg/g(FW),并减轻Hg胁迫所造成的元素失衡;(2)Hg胁迫使菹草体内光合色素含量及叶绿素a/b值大幅降低,并诱导积累大量超氧阴离子、过氧化氢及MDA,同时VC、VE和GSH含量显著提升.外源Ca(NO3)2的添加则减缓了菹草体内光合色素的分解,降低活性氧水平,减轻了膜脂过氧化程度,更使VC、VE及GSH含量在一定程度上恢复到正常水平;(3)Hg胁迫下,伴随着多胺氧化酶、二胺氧化酶和精氨酸脱羧酶活性的显著提升以及鸟氨酸脱羧酶活性的降低,导致菹草体内腐胺(Put)、精胺(Spm)含量明显降低,亚精胺(Spd)含量及游离态(Spd+Spm)/Put比值轻微增加.而外源Ca(NO3)2添加后,菹草通过调节体内PAs代谢酶活性,改变了Hg胁迫下PAs含量变化,主要表现为Put、Spm含量回升显著,游离态(Spd+Spm)/Put比值进一步升高.综上所述,外源Ca的添加可抑制Hg的吸收并参与调节多胺代谢,通过内源多胺含量的改变抑制了植物体内活性氧的积累、膜脂过氧化、光合色素及抗氧化物质的分解,增强菹草无菌苗对重金属Hg的耐受力,对减轻植物Hg胁迫有重要作用. 相似文献
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目的:探讨骨质疏松压缩骨折经皮椎体成形术(PVP)伤椎高度的变化的MSCT与临床疗效的评价。方法:经MSCT检查确认25例病变椎体,术前在CT图像上模拟穿刺路径及选择PVP穿刺方式,术后一周内及术后半年进行伤椎复查,对影像数据与临床资料进行统计学分析,从MSCT及临床角度对疗效进行评价。结果:本组患者单侧椎弓穿刺成功率92%,术后腰背部疼痛明显减轻,术前、术后视觉评分、Cobb’s角以及伤椎压缩率比较统计学有显著性差异,而术后及半年后的视觉评分、Cobb’s角以及伤椎压缩率无显著性统计学差异。结论:MSCT能为PVP提供准确的解剖学数据,改善PVP效果,并能在术后随访提供重要的临床信息。 相似文献
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莼菜(Brasenia schreberi)冬芽对Cr6+污染的抗性反应 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
研究了Cr^6 污染对Shun菜冬芽外部形态及过氧化物酶、硝酸还原酶活性,叶绿素、O^-2、MDA的含量等生理指标的影响,结果显示：Cr^6 对Shun菜毒害机制在于 制酶活性和损害细胞膜系统,在培养第三天时叶绿素的含量随着Cr^6 浓度的增加而降低;过化物酶的活性在10mg/L中最高;硝酸还原酶活性除在5mg/L中的略微升高外,在10－40mg/L之间随着Cr^6 培养浓度的升高而降低;O^-2的含量在5mg/L中的最高,在10mg/L中略高于对照,在随后培养中承学度的升高而降低,MDA的含量变化趋势和O^-2相似。 相似文献
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Expeditions to Muztagata (in the eastern Pamirs) during the summer seasons of 2002 and 2003 collected precipitation samples
and measured their oxygen isotopes. The δ
18O in precipitation displays a wide range, varying from −17.40‰ to +1.33‰ in June-September 2002 and from −22.31‰ to +4.59‰
in May-August 2003. The δ
18O in precipitation correlates with the initial temperature of precipitation during the observing periods. The positive correlation
between δ
18O and temperature suggests that δ
18O can be used as an indicator of temperature in this region. The δ
18O values in fresh-snow samples collected from two snow events at different elevations on the Muztagata Glacier show a strong
“altitude effect”, with a ratio of nearly −0.40% per 100 m from 5500 m to 7450 m. 相似文献
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Four bacterial isolates (two resistant and two sensitive to chromium) were isolated from soil contaminated with tannery effluents at Jajmau (Kanpur), India, and were identified by 16S rDNA gene sequencing as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Exiguobacterium sp., Pantoea sp., and Aeromonas sp. Biosorption of chromium by dried and living biomasses was determined in the resistant and sensitive isolates. The effect of pH, initial metal concentration, and contact time on biosorption was studied. At pH 2.5 the living biomass of chromium resistant isolate Exiguobacterium sp. ZM‐2 biosorbed maximum amount of Cr6+ (29.8 mg/g) whereas the dried biomass of this isolate biosorbed 20.1 mg/g at an initial concentration of 100 mg/L. In case of chromate sensitive isolates, much difference was not observed in biosorption capacities between their dried and living biomasses. The maximum biosorption of Cr3+ was observed at pH 4.5. However, biosorption was identical in resistant and sensitive isolates. The data on chromium biosorption were analyzed using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm model. The biosorption data of Cr6+ and Cr3+ from aqueous solution were better fitted in Langmuir isotherm model compared to Freundlich isotherm model. Metal recovery through desorption was observed better with dried biomasses compared to the living biomasses for both types of chromium ions. Bioaccumulation of chromate was found higher in chromate resistant isolates compared to the chromate sensitive isolates. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed the accumulation of chromium in cytoplasm in the resistant isolates. 相似文献
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利用210Pb、137Cs和241Am计年法测算云南抚仙湖现代沉积速率 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
通过对云南抚仙湖沉积物柱芯样品的210Pb、137Cs和241Am测试表明,柱芯剖面上有明显的1963年和1986年137Cs蓄积峰,验证了1975年次级蓄积峰存在的可能性,这些峰形完好的蓄积峰对抚仙湖的现代沉积环境有明显的时标意义。利用137Cs计年法得到抚仙湖沉积物自1963年、1975年及1986年以来到2007年的平均沉积速率分别为0.063g/(cm2·a)、0.052g/(cm2·a)和0.039g/(cm2·a),说明了过去近五十年抚仙湖沉积速率整体上经历了一个由快到慢的过程。借助于241Am 的1963年蓄积峰可以提高137Cs计年的准确性。根据210PbCRS计年模式,计算出每个样品深度所对应的年代,与137Cs计年法比较存在一定的偏差,分析了两种计年方法存在差异性的原因。通过质量深度和年代分析,抚仙湖的沉积速率变化幅度比较大,表明抚仙湖近129年来的沉积环境不稳定,可能与相应历史时期的人类活动有密切的关系。 相似文献
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红河(元江)流域的典型鱼类游泳能力探究及在过鱼设施流速设计中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探讨红河（元江）流域的典型洄游鱼类游泳能力,给过鱼设施修建设计和鱼类行为学研究提供基础参数,本研究以该流域的野生暗色唇鲮（Semilabeo obscurus）、华南鲤（Cyprinus carpio rubrofuscus）和红魾（Bagarius rutilus）3种鱼类（体长范围0.05~0.45 m）为研究对象,在野外现场布置游泳能力测试水槽分别测试了感应流速、临界游泳速度和突进游泳速度.研究结果表明：（1）对比绝对游泳能力与体长相关性,3种鱼的相对游泳能力与体长的相关性更高,均呈显著负相关;（2）3种鱼之间的游泳能力存在差异,红魾的感应流速最大,为（0.10±0.01）m/s,华南鲤的临界游泳速度最大,为（0.66±0.01）m/s,华南鲤的突进游泳速度最大,为（1.48±0.18）m/s;（3）拟合趋流率与水流速度的相关曲线,所有测试鱼的趋流率与流速的函数关系为Pre=19.80V-1.13（R2=0.96,P<0.05）,得出95%目标鱼的趋流速度为0.11 m/s;利用生存分析方法,得出95%目标鱼累积疲劳的临界和突进游泳速度分别为0.58、1.01 m/s.（4）当以暗色唇鲮、华南鲤和红魾为主要过鱼对象时,建议过鱼设施的内部流速不应小于0.1 m/s,入口的设计流速范围为0.6~1.0 m/s,休息区域的流速范围为0.1~0.6 m/s,孔口或竖缝等高流速区的设计流速不宜超过0.8 m/s,若过鱼设施孔口边壁或底部加糙,可适当增至0.8~1.0 m/s.本研究中红河（元江）流域鱼类游泳能力等资料为过鱼设施修建及珍稀鱼类保护提供了数据支撑. 相似文献
16.
Sébastien Nomade Giovanni Muttoni Hervé Guillou Eric Robin Giancarlo Scardia 《Quaternary Geochronology》2011,6(5):453-457
The Ceprano calvarium, found in 1994 in Italy and attributed to Homo cepranensis, is one of the most celebrated hominin remains of Europe. It was considered at least 700 ka-old until a recent investigation incorporating magnetostratigraphy and K-Ar ages from the literature assigned to the calvarium an age of ∼450 (+50, −100) ka. Here we pin down the age of the Ceprano calvarium to 353 ± 4 ka (±1σ external) by means of new 40Ar/39Ar dating on K-feldspars retrieved from the sediments that hosted the skull. In absence of evidence of reworking, this refined age sinks the conviction that H. cepranensis belonged to human evolution at the Brunhes–Matuyama boundary (c.a. 781 ka). Our refined age indicates that H. cepranensis lived in central Italy probably during the cold period of marine isotope stage (MIS) 10, and that despite his archaic morphology and lack of Neanderthal traits, he was contemporaneous with more advanced species such as H. heidelbergensis. 相似文献
17.
Seasonal signals of stable isotopes in precipitation, combined with measurements of isotope ratios in soil water, can be used for quantitative estimation of groundwater recharge rates. This study investigates the applicability of using the piston flow principle and the peak shift displacement method to estimate actual groundwater recharge rates in a humid Nordic region located in the province of Quebec, Canada. Two different sites with and without vegetation (C1 and C2) in an unconfined aquifer were tested by measuring soil water isotope ratios (18O/16O and 2H/1H) and volumetric pore water content. Core samples were obtained along the vadose zone down to the groundwater table at the two sites (2.45 m for Site C1 and 4.15 m for Site C2). The peak shift method to estimate groundwater recharge rates was shown to be accurate only in certain specific conditions inherent to the soil properties and the topographical situation of the investigated sites. Indeed, at Site C2, recharge from the snowmelt could not be estimated because of heterogeneity in the lower part of the vadose zone. At this same site the later recharge after the snowmelt (in the period from late spring to early autumn) could be estimated accurately because the upper part of the vadose zone was homogeneous. Furthermore, at site C1, runoff/runon phenomena hampered calculations of actual infiltration and thus produced inaccurate results for recharge. These two different site effects (heterogeneity in the first site and runoff/runon in the other site) were identified as being limiting factors in the accurate assessment of actual recharge. This study therefore recommends the use of the peak shift method for (1) humid Nordic regions, (2) homogeneous and thick vadose zones, and (3) areas with few or limited site effects (runoff/runon). 相似文献
18.
A temporal and spatial change of codaQ
–1 associated with the occurrence of the North Palm Springs earthquake of July 8, 1986 was studied by using 242 small local earthquakes in the vicinity of the mainshock. We found that the codaQ
–1 of earthquakes which occurred before the mainshock was significantly higher than that of the aftershocks in the mainshock area while the codaQ
–1 for the surrounding area remained almost constant throughout 1986. CodaQ
–1 was determined separately for the lapse time windows of 10 to 20 sec. and 15 to 40 sec. for the period from 1981 to 1987. The result for the time window 10 to 20 sec. showed a peak in codaQ
–1 before the time of mainshock at all frequencies. The peak appeared earlier at lower frequencies. There was no significant change in codaQ
–1 for the time window 15 to 40 sec., probably because the change was restricted to a small area. 相似文献