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1.
A. N. Sharov 《Water Resources》2008,35(6):668-673
The long-term changes in the structure of phytoplankton in two large lakes of northwestern Russia—Onega and Imandra—are considered. Similar regularities in anthropogenic changes in the phytoplankton communities are found in both lakes. Despite the local nature of the lakes’ pollution, phytoplankton changes are traced within several tens of kilometers from the sources of wastewater discharge. The mass species of algae that are characteristic of the regions subjected to human impact are identified in both lakes. 相似文献
2.
黑河流域浮游植物群落特征与环境因子的关系 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
分别于2009年夏季和2010年夏、秋季对黑河流域进行了2次全面调查,共选取76个采样断面进行水样采集,鉴定出浮游植物242种,隶属于8门11纲25目45科94属.其中硅藻门为优势类群,占物种总数的38.43%,绿藻门和蓝藻门次之;黑河流域优势种为尺骨针杆藻(Synedra ulna)、无常蓝纤维藻(Dactylococcopsis irregularis)和尖针杆藻(S.acus),优势度分别为0.060、0.031和0.021,出现频度分别为43.42%、43.42%和46.05%.生物多样性指数及相关指数分析表明,黑河流域中、下游浮游植物群落结构的复杂程度和稳定性均高于上游;同时,综合生物多样性指数及相关指数以及水质理化指标表明,黑河上游水质为无污染或轻度污染,中、下游水质为轻中度污染.浮游植物丰度与环境因子的相关性分析表明,上游浮游植物丰度与水体硬度呈显著正相关;中游浮游植物丰度则与各环境因子无显著相关性;下游浮游植物丰度与水体硬度呈显著负相关,而与总氮×总磷呈显著正相关;总溶解性固体、pH值和水体硬度与全流域浮游植物丰度呈显著正相关.黑河流域浮游植物的空间分布具有与河水水文分带相对应的垂直地带性和水平地带性分异特征. 相似文献
3.
浅水湖泊底栖-敞水生境耦合对富营养化的响应与稳态转换机理:对湖泊修复的启示 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
浅水湖泊中的初级生产者主要由分布在底栖生境中的底栖植物和生活在敞水生境中的浮游植物组成.底栖植物主要包括维管束沉水植物和底栖藻类等,浮游植物则主要为浮游藻类.贫营养浅水湖泊湖水营养盐浓度低,透明度高,底栖植物因能直接从沉积物中获取营养盐,往往是浅水湖泊的优势初级生产者.随着外源营养盐负荷的增加,湖水中的营养盐浓度不断升高,浮游植物受到的营养盐限制作用减小,加上其在光照方面的竞争优势,逐步发展成为湖泊的优势初级生产者,湖泊逐步从底栖植物为优势的清水态转变为浮游植物为主的浑水态,即稳态转换.在稳态转换过程中,浅水湖泊生态系统结构与功能发生了一系列变化,本文综述了浅水湖泊沉积物性质和生物(浮游植物、底栖植物、底栖动物和鱼类等)群落结构的变化,分析了这些变化对底栖植物、浮游植物之间竞争优势和底栖敞水生境间磷交换的影响,探讨了富营养化驱动的底栖敞水生境耦合过程变化和稳态转换机理.了解浅水湖泊底栖敞水生境耦合过程与稳态转换机理对富营养化浅水湖泊修复有重要意义.富营养化浅水湖泊修复实际就是重建其清水态,在制定修复目标时应该关注评价清水态的指标,如透明度、浮游植物生物量、底栖植物的覆盖度或优势度等.在开展湖泊修复技术研发与工程应用时,应该重点关注对底栖敞水生境耦合有重要影响的关键技术,如沉积物磷释放和底栖生物食性鱼类控制以及底栖植物(尤其是沉水植物)恢复等有关技术. 相似文献
4.
Constraints on the use of phytoplankton as a biological quality element within the Water Framework Directive in Portuguese waters 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The European Union Water Framework Directive (WFD), a new regulation aiming to achieve and maintain a clean and well-managed water environment, refers to phytoplankton as one of the biological quality elements that should be regularly monitored, and upon which the reference conditions of water quality should be established. However, the use of phytoplankton as a biological quality element will result in several constraints, which are analyzed in this article with examples from Portuguese waters. Specifically, the establishment of reference conditions of water quality may be difficult in some water bodies for which no historical data exists. The sampling frequency proposed for phytoplankton monitoring does not seem suitable to assess phytoplankton succession, and may preclude the detection of algal blooms. Finally, the use of chlorophyll a as a proxy of phytoplankton biomass and abundance has been proposed by some authors, but it may overlook blooms of pico- and small nanophytoplankton, and overestimate the importance of large microphytoplankton. Furthermore, most studies in Portugal have used only inverted microscopy for phytoplankton observation and quantification; this method does not permit the distinction between autotrophic and heterotrophic cells, especially in samples preserved with Lugol's solution, and does not allow the observation of smaller-sized cells. Finally, some techniques, such as remote sensing and chemotaxonomic analysis, are proposed to be used as supplements in phytoplankton monitoring programs. 相似文献
5.
T. A. Chekryzheva 《Water Resources》2014,41(4):431-438
The article presents the results of phytoplankton observations in lakes of the Kenti River system, which have been long subjected to the anthropogenic impact of processing wastewaters from the Kostomuksha Mining and Processing Works. Specific features of changes in the abundance and biomass of different systematic groups of phytoplankton as well as dimensional and species structure of phytoplankton communities are discussed. These changes are caused by the intensification of anthropogenic impact on lake ecosystems, in particular, by an increase in water mineralization and its content of biogenic substances, as well as by changes in the ion composition of water. 相似文献
6.
The main objectives of this study were to describe the seasonal standing stock dynamics of phytoplankton, bacterioplankton and heterotrophic flagellates in the highly eutrophic River Elbe (Germany), and to compare the seasonal patterns observed with other streams. Emphasis was placed on examining and assessing abiotic and biotic controlling factors influencing the structure and dynamics of the riverine plankton. All the physico-chemical and biological parameters determined were within the range or somewhat higher (in the case of phytoplankton abundance and biomass) than reported for other large streams. The underwater light conditions resulting from atypically short phytoplankton growth periods of about 6 months per year and the low phytoplankton carbon to chl a ratio of 23 were identified as a major limiting factor for phytoplankton development in the River Elbe. The seasonal distribution pattern of bacterioplankton indicated probable tight trophodynamical coupling both with phytoplankton and with heterotrophic flagellates, whereas heterotrophic flagellates showed a more trophic link with bacterial densities. Although approximately constant DOC and DON levels throughout the year sustained bacterial growth rates, during the phytoplankton growing season an increase of bacterial standing stocks was observed. Although the left-bank sampling site of the Elbe is strongly influenced by the tributaries Mulde and Saale containing higher concentrations of chloride, nitrogen nutrients, heavy metals and organic pollutants, no clear differences were observed between the two sides of the river concerning the biological parameters measured. Possible reasons and the slightly higher phytoplankton abundance and diversity at the right bank are discussed. 相似文献
7.
湖泊水体中HCHs沉降通量及其与浮游植物间响应关系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
于2006年跨春夏秋三季对一封闭的小型湖泊水体中颗粒物的沉降通量和浮游植物生物量进行了采样调查,测定了沉降颗粒物中的TOC含量和六六六（HcHs）含量。结果表明,湖水中浮游植物在春末以及秋季密度较大,浮游植物密度、叶绿素含量和总悬浮颗粒物浓度总体变化趋势基本一致,说明水体总悬浮颗粒物浓度与浮游植物生物量密切相关;春季颗粒物沉降通量较大,且与总悬浮颗粒物浓度和叶绿素含量之间存在一定的滞后性,夏季和秋季颗粒物沉降通量保持在一个较低水平;HCHs的沉降通量呈现春季较大的现象,与颗粒TOC沉降通量变化趋势相一致,表明HCHs的沉降主要受颗粒TOC沉降通量的控制。 相似文献
8.
Ingeborg Schmidt 《Limnologica》1999,29(3):301
The importance of phytoplankton as a characteristic ecosystem component is closely connected with its position in the hierarchical ecosystem structure. Because of the relations to the levels below and above, phytoplankton biomass and composition integrate characteristic properties of the ecosystem. The information content of these parameters has been demonstrated for data from a tenyear-monitoringseries in the western branch of the Oder-estuary. Over all, phytoplankton species composition in coastal waters is closely correlated with salinity and temperature, biomass concentration first of all with the trophic level. Cyanobacterial blooms are attributable to physical processes and are not necessarily indicators for eutrophication. 相似文献
9.
Naomi Greenwood Rodney M. Forster Veronique Créach Suzanne J. Painting Anna Dennis Stewart J. Cutchey Tiago Silva David B. Sivyer Tim Jickells 《Ocean Dynamics》2012,62(2):307-320
The seasonal and interannual variability in the phytoplankton community in Liverpool Bay between 2003 and 2009 has been examined
using results from high frequency, in situ measurements combined with discrete samples collected at one location in the bay.
The spring phytoplankton bloom (up to 29.4 mg chlorophyll m−3) is an annual feature at the study site and its timing may vary by up to 50 days between years. The variability in the underwater
light climate and turbulent mixing are identified as key factors controlling the timing of phytoplankton blooms. Modelled
average annual gross and net production are estimated to be 223 and 56 g C m−2 year−1, respectively. Light microscope counts showed that the phytoplankton community is dominated by diatoms, with dinoflagellates
appearing annually for short periods of time between July and October. The zooplankton community at the study site is dominated
by copepods and use of a fine mesh (80 μm) resulted in higher abundances of copepods determined (up to 2.5 × 106 ind. m−2) than has previously reported for this location. There is a strong seasonal cycle in copepod biomass and copepods greater
than 270 μm contribute less than 10% of the total biomass. Seasonal trends in copepod biomass lag those in the phytoplankton
community with a delay of 3 to 4 months between the maximum phytoplankton biomass and the maximum copepod biomass. Grazing
by copepods exceeds net primary production at the site and indicates that an additional advective supply of carbon is required
to support the copepod community. 相似文献
10.
东巢湖湖滨农田生态拦截沟中浮游植物群落结构 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在巢湖市烔炀镇西宋村农田示范基地中建立生态拦截沟来处理农业生产排放的农业面源污水,就生态拦截沟中浮游植物丰度、生物量和群落结构进行了研究.实验历时6个月,研究中共检测到浮游植物9门48属75种.研究发现尽管农田生态拦截沟中的水生植被能有效削减水体中的氮、磷营养盐,但对浮游植物群落结构产生的影响不大.生态拦截沟中主要藻类为绿藻、蓝藻和硅藻,且出水口蓝藻所占比例较进水口有显著上升.生态拦截前后浮游植物优势种类的变化不大,主要为蓝藻门的铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)、绿藻门的微球衣藻(Chlamydomonas microsphaera)和硅藻门的孟氏小环藻(Cyclotell meneghiniana)等.藻类生物多样性研究表明生态拦截沟中的水体主要为清洁或寡污型水体,仅在夏季的7月份出现了轻微的水体污染.典型对应分析发现,TN/TP对浮游植物种类分布的解释度最高.同时,发现水体总磷的对数、总溶解磷的对数与藻类的生物量呈正比,而TN/TP与藻类的生物量呈反比.研究表明农田生态拦截沟尽管具有削减农业氮、磷营养盐面源污染的作用,但不能有效地降低水体中蓝藻的生物量.农业面源污水中的藻类营养盐限制主要为磷限制,削减农田径流中的磷含量是控制巢湖流域水体富营养化和遏制蓝藻水华的关键环节. 相似文献
11.
在社会经济发展和流域开发持续的背景下,砷污染已成为我国部分水体面临的重要环境问题,目前对砷污染防控的生态效应与修复效果评价仍缺乏系统识别。湖泊生态系统中浮游植物是重要的生产者,砷等重金属污染可以直接影响浮游植物生长、物种演替和初级生产力水平,浮游植物已成为指示砷污染水平及其生态效应的敏感指标。本研究以长期受到砷污染胁迫并经历污染治理的阳宗海为研究对象,设置南、中、北3个调查位点,于2015年4月-2019年12月对浮游植物和水质因子开展季节调查和空间分析,通过识别浮游植物生物量的时空分布模式与驱动因子,评价了砷污染与治理下浮游植物生物量的变化机制和生态修复效果。调查结果显示,采样期间阳宗海浮游植物以蓝藻门为主,浮游植物的生物量范围为0.7~30.4 mg/L,平均生物量在2016年最低((3.0±1.8) mg/L)、在2017年最高((10.5±8.9) mg/L)。ANOVA分析结果显示,浮游植物生物量存在显著的季节差异而空间差异不明显。相关分析结果显示,阳宗海浮游植物生物量与砷浓度和透明度呈显著负相关,而与水体温度和pH呈显著正相关。多元线性回归分析进一步显示,砷和水温是驱动阳宗海浮游植物生物量变化的显著环境因子。由此可见,在重金属污染湖泊经过修复后,水体砷遗留物的毒性效应仍然对浮游植物生长产生了明显的抑制作用,表明了水体重金属污染物可能具有长期的沉积物释放作用与持久的生态毒理效应。 相似文献
12.
富营养水体中沉水植物与浮游藻类相互竞争的研究 总被引：21，自引：6，他引：15
本文就沉水植物与浮游藻类在富营养水体中的相互竞争现象及机制作了初步研究。室内外实验结果表明,二者之间存在着复杂的相互竞争关系。在光资源竞争上,浮游藻类占有相对优势;对水中营养盐的竞争是单向的,沉水植物因可以从底泥中得到营养盐而处于优势地位;当光照和营养盐充足时沉水植物对浮游藻类有明显的生化抑制效应,这种抑制可能通过促进藻类沉降而起作用。二者的互竞争受水深、水温及水中营养盐含量的强烈影响,高水温、高营养盐含量及深水均不利于沉水植物,而助长了浮游藻类的竞争优势。沉水植物群落一旦形成较大的密度,就能对浮游藻类产生强烈的抑制,保持自己的优势地位。因此,沉水植被恢复应从水温和水位均较底的冬季开始,严格控制营养盐输入量是非常重要的。 相似文献
13.
Anurani D. Persaud Peter J. Dillon 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》2011,73(2):261-273
Bacteria and phytoplankton are integral in the mobilization and transfer of organic matter to higher trophic levels. Hence,
we examined their role in zooplankton diets and assessed trends in their nitrogen isotopic variability. We performed feeding
experiments with natural particulate organic matter (POM) and four zooplankton groups (Daphnia, Holopedium, large calanoids and small calanoids) to (1) examine whether there are differences in consumption (presented as clearance
and ingestion rates) of phytoplankton and bacteria, and (2) determine whether differences in zooplankton clearance and ingestion
rates are correlated with their δ15N isotopic signatures. In general, phytoplankton and bacteria clearance rates and biomass ingested per animal varied significantly
among different zooplankton groups within lakes and between lakes for a given zooplankton group. Within a given lake, Daphnia and Holopedium had the highest phytoplankton and bacteria clearance and ingestion rates, followed by large calanoids, and then small calanoids.
For a given zooplankton group, bacteria and phytoplankton clearance rates varied among lakes. In contrast, phytoplankton ingestion
rates were consistently highest in Dickie Lake for all taxa, whereas bacteria ingestion rates were more variable among lakes
for the different zooplankton taxa. The percentage contribution of different phytoplankton taxa to the biomass of phytoplankton
ingested also varied significantly among lakes for a given taxa, but there were few differences within a given lake among
zooplankton. Zooplankton δ15NDOMC values were correlated with their size adjusted phytoplankton and bacteria clearance and ingestion rates. The correlations
were stronger with (1) phytoplankton compared to bacteria, and (2) clearance rates compared to ingestion rates of biomass.
Together our results suggest that zooplankton taxa with low phytoplankton and bacteria clearance and ingestion rates and higher
δ15NDOMC are likely exploiting food sources from higher trophic levels. 相似文献
14.
黄河干流浮游植物群落特征及其对水质的指示作用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2008年5-6月和9-10月对黄河干流13个河段和4座水库的浮游植物群落及其环境进行了全面调查.共鉴定浮游植物8门83属150种,其中有硅藻59种,绿藻55种,蓝藻24种,甲藻4种,裸藻4种,金藻2种,黄藻1种和隐藻1种,平均细胞密度和生物量分别为126.90×104cells/L和0.940mg/L.从大的格局上看,浮游植物群落在种类数、种类组成和现存量上均存在较明显的空间分异,这种分异性可从河流流速、泥沙含量和受污染程度得到解释.根据浮游植物污染指示种和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数分析,黄河干流各河段多受到不同程度的污染.与1986年的资料相比,黄河干流浮游植物组成发生了明显变化,属数下降了9.8%,而平均生物量升高了128.7%,且在种类组成上也发生了明显的变化,表明河流污染程度的加剧. 相似文献
15.
Phytoplankton growth and microzooplankton grazing in the continental shelf area of northeastern South China Sea after Typhoon Fengshen 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Linbin Zhou Yehui Tan Liangmin HuangJianrong Huang Huaxue LiuXiping Lian 《Continental Shelf Research》2011,31(16):1663-1671
Dilution experiments were used to investigate the phytoplankton growth and microzooplankton grazing in the continental shelf area of northeastern South China Sea during 30 June and 7 July, 2008, occurring about a week after Typhoon Fengshen. We detected negative phytoplankton growth rates (−0.03 to −2.02 d−1) and measured grazing rates of microzooplankton on phytoplankton in size-fractionations of 20-200 μm (1.25±0.44 d−1), 3-20 μm (1.48±0.63 d−1) and <3 μm (1.02±0.42 d−1). Results showed significant correlations between phytoplankton growth and microzooplankton grazing rates, between phytoplankton and ciliate abundance, and between the dominant phytoplankton Thalassionema nitzschioides and the dominant ciliate Helicostomella longa (p<0.05). Phytoplankton decay, due to nutrient-limited conditions occurring with the fading of upwelling and spreading of freshwater plume after Typhoon Fengshen, may account for negative phytoplankton growth rates in this study. Synergism in the specific size-selective grazing of various species, including ciliates and heterotrophic dinoflagellates, may contribute to similar grazing rate on phytoplankton in different size-fractionations, at the integrated level. Interactions between phytoplankton and microzooplankton, including grazing selectivity, top-down and bottom-up control between phytoplankton and microzooplankton may contribute to these findings. Our results indicate that under conditions of negative phytoplankton growth microzooplankton grazing may reduce energy loss from the epipelagic waters by retrieving energy from the decaying phytoplankton community. 相似文献
16.
为了解贵州高原水库浮游植物中汞和甲基汞的分布特征及浮游植物对汞及甲基汞的富集特点,于2012年12月对贵州省的5座高原水库中浮游植物和汞形态进行采样调查.研究结果表明:冬季贵州高原水库浮游植物群落主要是由硅藻组成,5座水库浮游植物丰度有明显差异.百花湖大坝处浮游植物丰度最高,为29.05×104cells/L;三板溪水库浮游植物丰度最低,仅为0.49×104cells/L.浮游植物中总汞和甲基汞的浓度分别在29.29~277.07 ng/g和1.12~10.93 ng/g之间,总汞含量以百花湖岩脚寨最高,甲基汞含量以百花湖大坝最高.总汞和甲基汞在浮游植物中的生物富集系数分别在1.42×104~9.78×104和3.10×104~4.43×105之间.在浮游植物富集无机汞及甲基汞的系数中,百花湖中浮游植物对无机汞生物富集系数最高,而红枫湖中浮游植物对甲基汞的生物富集系数最高.浮游植物种类组成不同对汞及甲基汞的生物富集有影响.浮游植物中的总汞与水体中的总汞、甲基汞和溶解态甲基汞都存在显著的相关关系,浮游植物中的甲基汞与水体中的总汞及甲基汞不存在显著相关性.甲基汞在浮游植物中富集不是简单的吸收,存在着影响甲基汞在浮游植物中富集的其它因素.浮游植物中的甲基汞与水体富营养化环境因子(透明度、总氮、硝氮)均呈负相关关系,表明水体富营养化的程度不同对浮游植物中的甲基汞浓度有影响. 相似文献
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筑坝改变河流生源要素迁移转化过程及浮游植物群落分布特征,影响河流生态系统结构与功能。为探究梯级筑坝河流浮游植物群落结构特征及其关键驱动因子,2016年丰水期、2018和2021年丰、枯水期在澜沧江开展了浮游植物群落及相关环境要素的调研。本文重点对比分析了丰水期自然河道段和水库浮游植物间的差异,基于广义相加模型(GAM)建立浮游植物与环境要素间的关系,研究发现:丰水期浮游植物生物量显著高于枯水期,丰、枯水期浮游植物群落结构均呈现上游以硅藻门为主,中下游以绿藻门、蓝藻门为主的变化特征。营养盐和水库的水力停留时间(HRT)是导致上、下游浮游植物生物量差异的关键环境要素;总磷、水温和HRT是影响浮游植物群落多样性指数的主要环境要素;总磷、氨氮是影响丰富度指数的关键环境要素。本研究结果有助于深化理解梯级筑坝河流生态环境效应。 相似文献
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鄱阳湖作为中国最大的淡水湖泊,其水生态健康状态始终是人们关注的热点。近些年,鄱阳湖极端洪旱灾害频发,浮游植物生长受极端洪旱的影响发生了明显变化。为分析浮游植物时空变化特征、探究环境因子对鄱阳湖浮游植物影响机制以及极端洪枯事件对浮游植物的影响,利用结构方程模型(SEM)构建浮游植物与环境因子的影响路径模型,定量分析环境因子对浮游植物的影响程度。结果表明,鄱阳湖浮游植物以蓝藻、绿藻为主且有明显的季节特征,在7月丰水期浮游植物密度达到最高;由结构方程模型(SEM)可知,影响浮游植物密度最关键的因子为物理因子(水温>pH>透明度>溶解氧),其次为营养物质(总氮>硝态氮>总磷>磷酸盐),浮游植物对高温、高营养和高pH较偏好。2020年极端洪水和2022年极端高温干旱,浮游植物密度主要受水温、溶解氧、透明度等物理因子的影响;在影响较小的营养物质中,主要的限制性因素分别为磷和氮。与正常年份相比,极端洪水年鄱阳湖受入湖来水及降雨的增多,湖区水量急剧增加,“稀释”作用超过水温和透明度对浮游植物生长的促进作用造成浮游植物密度和生物量有所下降;在营养物质中,磷成为主要限制性因素。而极端高温干旱年受入湖来水的减少及湖水的快速蒸发,“浓缩”作用超过水温和透明度对浮游植物生长的抑制作用造成浮游植物密度和生物量显著增加,同时,营养物质对浮游植物的作用更加凸显。研究结果表明极端洪枯事件导致鄱阳湖浮游植物变化明显,确定其对浮游植物的影响机制,可以为极端洪枯事件下浮游植物监测、管理提供一定的理论基础。 相似文献
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High incorporation of carbon into proteins by the phytoplankton of the Bering Strait and Chukchi Sea
High incorporation of carbon into proteins and low incorporation into lipids were a characteristic pattern of the photosynthetic allocations of phytoplankton throughout the euphotic zone in the Bering Strait and Chukchi Sea in 2004. According to earlier studies, this indicates that phytoplankton had no nitrogen limitation and a physiologically healthy condition, at least during the cruise period from mid-August to early September in 2004. This is an interesting result, especially for the phytoplankton in the Alaskan coastal water mass-dominated region in the Chukchi Sea which has been thought to be potentially nitrogen limited. The relatively high ammonium concentration is believed to have supported the nitrogen demand of the phytoplankton in the region where small cells (<5 μm) composed of about 50% of the community, since they prefer to use regenerated nitrogen such as ammonium. In fact, a small cell-size community of phytoplankton incorporated much more carbon into proteins in nitrate-depleted water suggesting that small phytoplankton had less nitrogen stress than large phytoplankton. If the high carbon incorporation into proteins by the phytoplankton in 2004 is a general pattern of the photosynthetic allocations in the Chukchi Sea, they could provide nitrogen-sufficient food for the highest benthic faunal biomass in the Arctic Ocean, sustaining large populations of benthic-feeding marine mammals and seabirds. 相似文献