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1.
高温超高压模拟实验研究Ⅰ.温压条件对有机质成熟作用的影响 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
对不成熟泥炭样品进行了高压（0.1～2GPa）、高温（200℃～400℃）模拟实验,并对实验后样品的成熟度指标--镜质体反射率（Ro）进行了测定。结果显示,同一压力条件下,温度与镜质体反射率呈正相关;相同温度条件下,样品Ro值与压力呈负相关,说明压力同温度一样,是影响有机质成熟作用的一个重要因素,其存在会抑制有机质向高成熟演化。压力的这种作用有其内在的化学动力学机理。实验结果及实际地质现象都说明,压力作用在有机质演化过程中不可忽视。用模拟实验手段探讨压力的作用和影响,具有重要的理论及实际意义。 相似文献
2.
Sulfate rocks and organic sulfur from sedimentary organic matter are conventionally assumed as the original sulfur sources for hydrogen sulfide(H_2S) in oil and gas reservoirs. However,a few recent experiments preliminarily indicate that the association of pyrite and hydrocarbons may also have implications for H_2S generation,in which water effects and natural controls on the evolution of pyrite sulfur into OSCs and H_2S have not been evaluated. In this study,laboratory experiments were conducted from 200 to 450° C to investigate chemical interactions between pyrite and hydrocarbons under hydrothermal conditions. Based on the experimental results,preliminary mechanism and geochemical implications were tentatively discussed. Results of the experiments showed that decomposition of pyrite produced H_2S and thiophenes at as low as 330°C in the presence of water and n-pentane. High concentrations of H_2S were generated above 450°C under closed pyrolysis conditions no matter whether there is water in the designed experiments. However,much more organic sulfur compounds(OSCs) were formed in the hydrous pyrolysis than in anhydrous pyrolysis. Generally,most of sulfur liberated from pyrite at elevated temperatures was converted to H_2S. Water was beneficial to breakdown of pyrite and to decomposition of alkanes into olefins but not essential to formation of large amounts of H_2S,given the main hydrogen source derived from hydrocarbons. In addition,cracking of pyrite in the presence of 1-octene under hydrous conditions was found to proceed at 200°C,producing thiols and alkyl sulfides. Unsaturated hydrocarbons would be more reactive intermediates involved in the breakdown of pyrite than alkanes. The geochemistry of OSCs is actually controlled by various geochemical factors such as thermal maturity and the carbon chain length of the alkanes. This study indicates that the scale of H_2S gas generated in deep buried carbonate reservoirs via interactions between pyrite and natural gas should be much smaller than that of thermochemical sulfate reduction(TSR) due to the scarcity of pyrite in carbonate reservoirs and the limited amount of long-chained hydrocarbons in natural gas. Nevertheless,in some cases,OSCs and/or low contents of H_2S found in deep buried reservoirs may be associated with the deposited pyrite-bearing rock and organic matters(hydrocarbons),which still needs further investigation. 相似文献
3.
LI Jijun LU Shuangfang WU Wei XUE Haitao XU Qingxi GENG Jie YU Yinghua 《《地质学报》英文版》2011,85(5):1203-1210
In order to discuss the role and influence of water during the generation of natural gas, the participation mechanism of water during the evolution of organic matter and its influences were summarized. In addition, we carried out an anhydrous cracking experiment of oil extracted from the Feixianguan Formation source rock in a closed system, which led to the establishment of the kinetic models for describing carbon and hydrogen isotopic fractionation during gas generation from organic matter. The models were calibrated and then applied to the northeastern Sichuan Basin. By combining a series of gas generation experiments from octadecane pyrolysis without water or with distilled water in varying mass proportions, several results were proved: (1) the hydrogen isotopic composition of natural gas becomes lighter with the participation of formation water; (2) we can quantitatively study the hydrogen isotopic fractionation with the kinetic model for describing carbon isotopic fractionation; (3) more abundant and reliable geological information can be obtained through the combined application of carbon and hydrogen isotopic indices. 相似文献
4.
在研究压力对有机质热演化作用的影响过程中,模拟实验主要采用金管热解的方法,所得结果大多没有发现压力对有机质演化存在明显影响。而采用定体积高水压反应釜含水热解实验通常得出压力抑制有机质成熟度的结论。超压盆地的研究结果认为,采用定体积高水压反应釜含水热解实验比较接近实际地质条件,但考虑静岩压力的WYMN-3型温-压生烃模拟仪（兰州油气资源研究中心）或地层孔隙热压生排烃模拟实验仪（无锡石油地质研究所）更具优势。实验与理论相结合的分析认为,高水压通过增大PV来增大反应活化能（Ea）,通过减小熵变（ΔS）来减小反应频率因子（A）。现阶段研究超压盆地比较适用的是PreRoTM模型和T-P-Ro模型,但两者都只考虑了超压而非孔隙流体压力。因此需要进一步对含流体压力的动力学模型进行研究。另外,目前学界采用的研究方法并不统一,这掣肘了同类实验间的对比,需要一套标准实验体系进行系统性研究。此外,高过成熟度页岩气的勘探与开发为研究压力对高过成熟有机质生气作用的影响提供了宝贵地质资料,但亟需解决海相页岩成熟度的精确测定问题。 相似文献
5.
明确不同沉积环境下页岩气生成机理的差异性对于页岩气成因机理及页岩气地球化学特征研究具有重要意义.选择低演化阶段的海相（中元古界洪水庄组）和陆相（三叠统延长组长7段）泥页岩进行了半封闭热模拟实验,对其气体产物进行了组分和碳同位素分析.结果表明,洪水庄组页岩产气量要远远低于同温度条件下长7段泥岩的产气量.同时,长7段泥岩气体产物二次裂解程度比较高.洪水庄组页岩有机质母源以生油性为主,长7段泥岩沉积过程受到陆源混入,有机质母源以相对偏生气性为主.热模拟实验条件下黄铁矿转化成磁黄铁矿的过程也可能促进长7段泥岩烃类气的生成.热模拟实验中所用样品的状态,即柱状样或颗粒样,也可能会对气体的裂解行为产生影响.在这种情况下,南方地区页岩气高的甲烷产率以及碳同位素倒转可能与厚层页岩高的油气滞留率有关. 相似文献
6.
目前页岩生烃的评价体系主要停留在静态条件下,忽略了成烃的动态过程,不能正确评价页岩原始的生烃潜力.采用生烃动力学模拟实验方法,分别对一个相对低成熟的典型海相富有机质页岩及其干酪根样品开展封闭体系和半开放体系下的人工熟化,并对熟化后的两个系列样品进行黄金管生气动力学模拟实验.对裂解产物中气态烃化合物、轻烃类化合物以及碳同位素开展了定量分析,结果表明,甲烷生成过程被划分为4个阶段,即生油（小于1.0% EayRo）、凝析油生成（1.0%~1.% EayRo）、湿气生成（1.%~2.2% EayRo）和干气生成阶段（大于2.2% EayRo）;页岩中甲烷的最大产率主要来自干酪根的初次裂解（占22.7%）、可排沥青（占7.6%）和残余沥青（占19.6%）的二次裂解;经过早期排烃作用的页岩样品仍有大量的可溶沥青,在高-过成熟阶段其可以与干酪根、不可溶沥青相互作用,成为晚期主要的页岩生气母质. 相似文献
7.
高温高压条件下铁岭灰岩晶包有机质的饱和烃演化特征 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6
对铁岭灰岩抽提除去沥青“Ａ”后的残渣进行高温高压模拟实验,模拟实验研究表明,晶包有机质的释放与温度与温度和压力有关,高压有利于晶包有机质释放。晶包有机质和干酪根主要释放出低碳数烷烃,Ｐｒ／ｎＣ１７、Ｐｈ－ｎＣ１８在热演化过程中变化不大,Ｐｒ／Ｐｈ则波动较大。 相似文献
8.
Nanna Andreasen Rebecca Jackson Arka Rudra Henrik Nøhr-Hansen Hamed Sanei Jørgen Bojesen-Koefoed Marit-Solveig Seidenkrantz Christof Pearce Nicolas Thibault Sofia Ribeiro 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》2023,52(4):459-475
The organic matter content of marine sediments is often used to infer past changes in ocean conditions. However, the organic carbon pool preserved in coastal sediments is a complex mixture derived from different sources and may not reflect in situ processes. In this study, we combine taxonomic identification of reworked palynomorphs with pyrolysis organic geochemistry and reflected-light organic petrographic microscopy to investigate the provenance, composition and preservation of organic matter in a marine sediment core retrieved from the NE Greenland shelf. Our study reveals continuous yet variable input of land-derived organic carbon to the marine environment throughout the late Younger Dryas–Holocene, with the highest input of inert carbon in the late Younger Dryas. Although the sediments contain some recent marine palynomorphs, there is no other evidence of fresh marine organic carbon. In contrast, our results indicate that these shelf sediments represent a significant sink of recycled organic carbon. The results of pyrolysis geochemistry revealed that ~90% of the total organic carbon in the sediments is inert. The organic petrography analyses revealed that >70–84% of the organic carbon in the sediment core is terrigenous. Reworked dinoflagellate cysts showed a continuous provenance of Cretaceous land-derived material, most likely from the nearby Clavering Island. Our study points to the importance of constraining the organic matter origin, composition and preservation in marine sediments to achieve more accurate palaeoenvironmental reconstructions based on organic proxies. 相似文献
9.
Deep-seated gas is defined in this paper as natural gas generated under the combined action of high temperature, high pressure,
and environment media. As to organic matter vertical evolution, deep-seated gas is natural gas, which is generated and deposited
under the position of an oil generation window. Deep-seated gas exploration is an important potential field for oil-gas exploration.
Also, it is an inexorable trend to the further development of oil and gas provinces. In this paper, the authors will examine
and distinguish the concept of deep-seated gas, and discuss the distribution and gas source of deep-seated gas. It is pointed
out that kerogen, assemble dissoluble organic matter and disperse dissoluble organic matter all have contributed to deep-seated
gas generation, especially disperse dissoluble organic matter in composite and superimposed sedimentary basin. In the end,
according to the structural evolution and hydrocarbon source rock depositional distribution, the distribution of deep-seated
gas in China is predicted.
Translated from Geology in China, 2006, 33(5): 937–943 [译自: 中国地质] 相似文献
10.
高温超高压模拟实验研究--Ⅱ.高温高压下烷烃产物的演化特征 总被引：17，自引：1，他引：16
对不成熟泥炭样品进行了高压（0.1～2 GPa) 、高温( 200 ℃～400 ℃）模拟实验,并对实验后样品的烷烃产物进行了分析。结果显示,同一压力条件下,温度升高,烷烃参数表现出更成熟的特征;温度较低时（200 ℃）,压力升高,烷烃参数表现出不成熟,温度较高时（400 ℃）,除个别特殊点之外,压力增大,烷烃参数愈来愈不成熟,说明温压条件都是影响有机质成熟的重要因素,压力的存在会抑制有机质的成熟作用。用模拟实验手段来探讨压力的作用和影响,具有重要的理论及实际意义。 相似文献
11.
南堡凹陷2号构造带天然气成因研究薄弱,采用地质地球化学途径对深、浅层天然气特征及其形成机制进行了研究。分析表明,该构造带天然气以烃类气体为主,非烃组分以CO2、N2和H2S为主,且主要集中在深部潜山天然气中;天然气的干燥系数(C1/C1-5)为0.68~0.94,具有典型的湿气特征,其中南堡280断块天然气相对偏干;天然气碳同位素整体上具有正碳同位素系列趋势,少量样品出现碳同位素部分倒转。依据母质类型和成熟度的分析,将该构造带天然气划分为3种类型：成熟阶段早期形成的混合气(东一段、馆陶组)、成熟阶段晚期形成的混合气(老堡南1断块)、高成熟阶段形成的煤型热解气(南堡280断块)。综合分析认为,第三系浅层东一段和馆陶组天然气来自于东三+沙一段烃源岩,潜山天然气主要来源于沙三段偏腐殖型烃源岩,沿断层和不整合运移到储集层中。这个研究对南堡油田深浅层天然气勘探具有重要参考价值。 相似文献
12.
潘谢矿区是安徽省淮南煤田重要的深部煤炭生产矿区,其石炭-二叠系煤系地层具有丰富的天然气资源。应用有机碳、热解、显微组分定量、等温吸附等实验分析数据,对潘谢矿区石盒子组煤系页岩有机质特征与含气量进行研究,并利用梯度下降算法建立了含气量与有机碳含量(TOC)和有机质成熟度(Ro)的多元线性模型。结果表明:潘谢矿区石盒子组煤系页岩TOC较高(平均为1.20%),有机质类型为Ⅲ型,成熟度Ro为0.75%~1.12%,处于成熟阶段,页岩含气量较高(平均为1.93 m 3/t)。多元线性模型表明,煤系页岩TOC和Ro的增加会有利于页岩气生成,但Ro对含气量的影响更为明显。 相似文献
13.
鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界灰岩烃源岩生烃潜力评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对于鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界海陆过渡相灰岩能否生烃及生烃潜力有多大,目前研究较少.通过岩石热解、总有机碳测定、干酪根碳同位素及有机显微组分的测定实验,同时结合镜质体反射率的测定,综合评价了灰岩烃源岩,并分析了其生排烃特征.结果显示:从有机质丰度角度,本溪组为差的烃源岩,山西组为差-一般的烃源岩、太原组为一般-好的烃源岩;从有机质类型角度,本溪组为Ⅲ型,山西组以Ⅲ型为主同时混有少量Ⅱ2型,太原组为Ⅱ2-Ⅲ型;从有机质成熟度角度,本溪组处于成熟-高成熟阶段,太原组及山西组均处于高成熟阶段.根据排烃门限理论,认为Ro为1.6%时,天然气大量生成.考虑到灰岩烃源岩的特殊性、成熟度及其排烃特征,综合认为太原组灰岩可以成为天然气的有效烃源岩. 相似文献
14.
Ⅲ型干酪根烃源岩生气增压定量评价是一个复杂过程, 因为Ⅲ型干酪根以生气为主的同时伴生少量的油生成, 而且在达到一定的温度条件下原油还将逐渐裂解成天然气.在考虑烃源岩生烃过程中天然气的渗漏和排出、氢指数对生烃量的影响、原油裂解成气、生烃作用产生的超压对孔隙水, 油和干酪根的压缩作用、天然气在孔隙水和石油中的溶解作用等因素的基础上建立了Ⅲ型干酪根烃源岩生烃增压定量评价模型, 并对模型参数进行敏感性分析.Ⅲ型干酪根烃源岩生气增压受到烃源岩孔隙度、成熟度、有机质丰度、天然气残留系数等多种参数的影响.有机碳含量、氢指数和天然气残留系数3个参数中以氢指数对Ⅲ型干酪根烃源岩生烃增压产生的影响最大, 天然气残留系数影响最小.天然气残留系数只要大于0.2就可以产生超压, 表明保存条件不是Ⅲ型干酪根烃源岩形成生烃增压最主要的控制因素. 相似文献
15.
深层天然气是油气勘探潜在的重要领域,加强深部勘探成为油气区资源发展的必然趋势。笔者将现有与深层气有关的概念进行了甄别分析,最后厘定深层气为埋藏深度大于4500m,在高温、高压和环境介质共同作用下形成和聚集的天然气,就有机质垂向演化而言,主要指沉积层在生油窗以下层位形成和赋存的天然气,并在此基础上对深层气存在的范围进行了探讨。结合有机-无机相互作用,深入研究了深层天然气气源,认为干酪根、聚集型可溶有机质和分散可溶有机质均对深层天然气的形成具有重大贡献,特别是认为分散可溶有机质在叠合盆地可以作为深层气的重要气源。最后根据中国构造演化、烃源发育特点,初步预测了中国深层天然气的分布状况与范围。 相似文献
16.
针对三塘湖盆地的主力烃源岩二叠系芦草沟组泥质烃源岩开展封闭体系和半开放体系热模拟实验,前者将干酪根密封在金管中开展实验、后者直接对烃源岩样品进行压机半开放体系热解模拟,对实验中生成气体的组分和稳定碳同位素进行分析。实验结果显示,两种热解方法以无机气体生成为主,包括CO2、H2、H2S 和 N2等,其中 CO2含量最丰富,这与样品干酪根中丰富的氧含量一致。半开放体系模拟实验温度达到480℃时,气态烃的含量达40.64%,其中甲烷含量达到26.10%,封闭体系中随着模拟温度升高烃类气体产物的碳同位素呈现先变轻后变重的趋势,但同位素分馏程度不大, CH4气体的δ13C 值分布在-40.2‰~-46.6‰之间, C2H6分布在-34.3‰~-38.0‰之间, C3H8分布在-33.6‰~-36.0‰之间,而CO2气体δ13C值分布在-32.8‰~-28.8‰之间。三塘湖盆地针对气藏的勘探已经有所发现,但有关气藏的地球化学特征报道较少,该工作中的模拟实验结果可为三塘湖盆地深入的气藏地球化学勘探提供基础数据。 相似文献
17.
热解生烃实验是研究油气生成机理与定量评价烃源岩生烃潜力的重要方法.烃源岩热解生烃模拟结果不仅与温度、压力和时间等因素有关,而且与地层孔隙水及压实成岩作用等地质因素密切相关.采用高压流体和高压釜(低压水蒸气)两种生烃热模拟方法对低成熟海相二叠统大隆组(P2d)黑色泥岩进行了热解生烃实验模拟.对比分析两组实验结果表明地层孔隙热解实验有利于液态油的生成,不利于液态油向气态烃的转化,并极大地提高了干酪根的生油气潜力,显示了高压液态水、流体压力和孔隙空间等地质因素对烃源岩中有机质热成熟生烃反应的重要影响.这种影响可能与高压液态水的近临界特性有关,近临界特性地层水的参与改变了干酪根热力生烃反应的物理化学行为.推断在实际地质温压(100~200 ℃,30~120 MPa)条件下,烃源岩孔隙中的地层水是一种相对低温高压液态水,具有水的近临界物理化学特性,因此高压流体生烃热模拟实验与实际地层情况更为接近,能更有效地评价烃源岩生烃潜力. 相似文献
18.
研究表明,现代松粉热模拟实验释放水的产出分两个阶段,两类水,第一阶段,４００℃以前释放水为松粉内部以水分子形式存在的结合水,呈弱酸性（ｐＨ＝６）,为第一类水,第二阶段,４００℃以上温度释放水为松粉内部和高岭石内部结构水（－ＯＨ）,呈弱碱性（ｐＨ＝９）,为第二类水,现代松粉热模拟实验产出气体量随温度升主呈逐渐上升趋势,４５０℃以后上升梯度突然增大,所产气体分为两大类：Ｉ类为无机气体,由Ｎ２、Ｈ２和ＣＯ２气体组成,以ＣＯ２相对丰度最主为特征。ＣＯ２气主要来自有机酸的脱羧反应和离子太氧与有机质氧化还原反应产出ＣＯ２。Ｈ２气主要来自孢粉和烃,Ｃ４～Ｃ６异构饱和烃及丙烯、丁烯不饱和烃等分子物标志物,其中以甲烷相对丰度最高为特征,气态有机烃来自孢粉内有机物的热降解产物,松粉 拟实验中丰富的气态有机烃和无机气体的检测出,为研 相似文献
19.
页岩气以吸附态、游离态和溶解态存在于页岩储层中,其中吸附态为主要赋存状态,考察页岩气解吸特征对于我国页岩气勘探开发研究有着重要的理论指导意义。选取了位于南方海相页岩储区的四川和湖北荆门等地的页岩样品,对其常规地球化学性质进行了分析,结果表明页岩样品有机碳含量较高且发育较为成熟;采用MSB磁悬浮天平等温吸附仪进行等温解吸实验并对解吸速率和解吸效率进行计算,结果表明：30~10 MPa时页岩解吸量很低并且无明显变化;10~05 MPa时页岩解吸量迅速上升,该阶段为主要解吸段;吸附势理论可用于判断页岩气解吸情况和页岩样品解吸性能强弱,吸附势越大越不利于解吸 相似文献
20.
A review of the geochemistry of methane in natural gas hydrate 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
Keith A. Kvenvolden 《Organic Geochemistry》1995,23(11-12)
The largest accumulations on Earth of natural gas are in the form of gas hydrate, found mainly offshore in outer continental margin sediment and, to a lesser extent, in polar regions commonly associated with permafrost. Measurements of hydrocarbon gas compositions and of carbon-isotopic compositions of methane from natural gas hydrate samples, collected in subaquatic settings from around the world, suggest that methane guest molecules in the water clathrate structures are mainly derived by the microbial reduction of CO2 from sedimentary organic matter. Typically, these hydrocarbon gases are composed of > 99% methane, with carbon-isotopic compositions (δ13CPDB) ranging from − 57 to − 73‰. In only two regions, the Gulf of Mexico and the Caspian Sea, has mainly thermogenic methane been found in gas hydrate. There, hydrocarbon gases have methane contents ranging from 21 to 97%, with δ13C values ranging from − 29 to − 57‰. At a few locations, where the gas hydrate contains a mixture of microbial and thermal methane, microbial methane is always dominant. Continental gas hydrate, identified in Alaska and Russia, also has hydrocarbon gases composed of > 99% methane, with carbon-isotopic compositions ranging from − 41 to − 49‰. These gas hydrate deposits also contain a mixture of microbial and thermal methane, with thermal methane likely to be dominant. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd 相似文献