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1.
科尔沁沙地风沙沉积物磁学特征及其古环境意义初探 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
选取位于科尔沁沙地东北缘的六户屯剖面风沙沉积物为研究对象,进行系统的磁学特征和粒度分析。结果表明：六户屯剖面磁性矿物含量较少,磁学性质主要受亚铁磁性磁铁矿控制,并含有少量赤铁矿和针铁矿,磁性矿物粒度较细,以稳定单畴和超顺磁颗粒为主。沉积物中磁性矿物的粒度分布受风力大小与成壤强度的影响,单畴颗粒相对含量随风力的增强而增加,随土壤发育程度的增强而减少,χARM/χlf和χARM/SIRM可以指示冬夏季风的相对强弱。六户屯剖面磁性矿物粒度主要受冬季风强度及其动力分选作用的控制,磁性矿物粒度与沉积物总体粒度呈反相关;但在某些层位,夏季风影响下的成土过程对其改造作用不容忽视。成壤过程中形成的超顺磁颗粒是磁化率增强的主要因素,单畴颗粒对土壤发育适宜期磁化率的增加贡献相对较弱。 相似文献
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鄱阳湖湖滨地区广泛分布着晚第四纪风沙沉积序列。在星子县沙岭沙山进行野外调查后选择蓼花剖面开展工作,测试了地质时代和粒度,对粒度结果使用端元分析模型进行研究,探讨该区域末次冰期中晚期的气候变化规律。结果显示：该剖面由湖相-古土壤-沙丘砂等沉积相叠覆堆积组成,形成于末次冰期中晚期（48.8—17.1 ka）。端元分析模型将粒度数据分解出3个不同的粒度端元,不同端元组分在垂向上呈峰谷交替的旋回变化,EM1代表粉砂端元组分,峰值对应湖相和古土壤发育时期;EM2和EM3代表中砂—粗砂端元组分,峰值对应沙丘砂发育期,这些峰谷交替变化的规律指示了末次冰期的季风演变以及气候波动变化,万年尺度上表现为LH10 (48.8—39.9 ka)和LH3～LH5 (28.1—17.1 ka)的冬季风强盛期,分别对应深海氧同位素的MIS3b和MIS2阶段。LH6～LH9 (39.9—28.1 ka)为温暖的夏季风时期,对应深海氧同位素的MIS3a阶段。这些变化与YZ洞石笋氧同位素以及格陵兰冰心有良好的对应,与全球气候变化基本一致。 相似文献
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黑河下游地区柽柳沙丘的气候与环境记录 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
对黑河下游地区柽柳沙丘沉积剖面进行AMS14C定年及沉积物粒度和Hg含量的综合分析,探讨了该区域从18世纪中期到21世纪初的气候与环境变化。结果表明:沙丘沉积物以细沙为主,粒度频率分布曲线呈明显的单峰形态,反映了单一的风力沉积作用;>100 μm的粗颗粒含量变化很好地指示了该区域冬季风的强弱变化,并记录了小冰期末期以来气候转暖的过程以及现代暖期中两个相对寒冷时期——20世纪10-20年代和50-60年代。沙丘沉积物中Hg主要来源于人类的工业活动,剖面Hg含量存在3个峰值,分别对应18世纪末的西班牙美洲地区银矿开采、19世纪中后期的北美淘金热、二次世界大战及战后经济复苏。此外,剖面中有两个样品Hg含量异常升高,其原因可能是1815年和1883年印尼的两次大规模火山喷发而引起的全球Hg沉降增加。 相似文献
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P. P. Kruiver Y. S. Kok M. J. Dekkers C. G. Langereis & C. Laj 《Geophysical Journal International》1999,136(3):757-770
In the pseudo-Thellier method for relative palaeointensity determinations (Tauxe et al. 1995) the slope of the NRM intensity left after AF demagnetization versus ARM intensity gained at the same peak field is used as a palaeointensity measure. We tested this method on a marine core from the Azores, spanning the last 276 kyr. We compared the pseudo-Thellier palaeointensity record with the conventional record obtained earlier by Lehman et al . (1996 ), who normalized NRM by SIRM. The two records show similar features: intensity lows with deviating palaeomagnetic directions at 40–45 ka and at 180–190 ka. The first interval is associated with the Laschamps excursion, while the 180–190 ka low represents the Iceland Basin excursion (Channell et al. 1997). The pseudo-Thellier method, in combination with a jackknife resampling scheme, provides error estimates on the palaeointensity.
Spectral analysis of the rock magnetic parameters and the palaeointensity estimates shows orbitally forced periods, particularly 23 kyr for climatic precession. This suggests that palaeointensity is still slightly contaminated by climate. Fuzzy c -means cluster analysis of rock magnetic and geochemical parameters yields a seven-cluster model of predominantly calcareous clusters and detrital clusters. The clusters show a strong correlation with climate, for example samples from detrital clusters predominantly appear during rapid warming. Although both the pseudo-Thellier palaeointensity ma and fuzzy clusters show climatic influences, we have not been able to find an unambiguous connection between the clusters and m a . 相似文献
Spectral analysis of the rock magnetic parameters and the palaeointensity estimates shows orbitally forced periods, particularly 23 kyr for climatic precession. This suggests that palaeointensity is still slightly contaminated by climate. Fuzzy c -means cluster analysis of rock magnetic and geochemical parameters yields a seven-cluster model of predominantly calcareous clusters and detrital clusters. The clusters show a strong correlation with climate, for example samples from detrital clusters predominantly appear during rapid warming. Although both the pseudo-Thellier palaeointensity m
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他念他翁山中段位于横断山脉西部,保留着良好的第四纪冰川遗迹,论文以该地区第四纪冰川沉积物为主要研究对象,通过光释光(Object-source lighting, OSL)测年、粒度、磁化率、矿物及化学元素分析等方法,探讨研究区第四纪冰川沉积物在不同时期的沉积学、矿物学、环境磁学以及元素地球化学特征,结合相关环境指标分析该区的环境特点。研究表明：① 冰川沉积物总体沉积特征是大小混杂、无层理、无分选、风化程度由倒数第二次冰期到新冰期依次减弱。② 研究区冰川沉积物细粒部分在粒度频率曲线上主要呈现双峰或多峰,反映出沉积物的物质来源复杂、形成动力多样。冰碛物的平均粒径在空间上表现出距冰川作用源头越远粒径越小的规律,主要是受冰川作用强度和风化时间长短的影响。③ 冰川沉积物的磁化率值为8.72×10-8~298.00×10-8 m3·kg-1,其中冰水沉积物磁化率的平均值(178.51×10-8 m3·kg-1)和波动幅度(17.43×10-8~298.00×10-8 m3·kg-1)要大于冰碛物(平均值19.82×10-8 m3·kg-1,波动幅度8.72×10-8~42.95×10-8 m3·kg-1),反映出磁铁矿集中分布的粒级与冰水沉积物组成的粒级相似。④ 地球化学和矿物学指标反映青古隆地区古气候的总体特征为寒冷干燥,其中在末次冰盛期时气候最为干旱,末次冰期中冰阶时气候较为干旱、降水量相对于末次冰盛期有所增加,倒数第二次冰期降水量相对于末次冰盛期和末次冰期中冰阶较多,但气温较低。 相似文献
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Studies of magnetic properties enable reconstruction of environmental conditions that affected magnetic minerals incorporated in sediments from Upper Klamath Lake. Analyses of stream sediment samples from throughout the catchment of Upper Klamath Lake show that alteration of Fe-oxide minerals during subaerial chemical weathering of basic volcanic rocks has significantly changed magnetic properties of surficial deposits. Titanomagnetite, which is abundant both as phenocrysts and as microcrystals in fresh volcanic rocks, is progressively destroyed during weathering. Because fine-grained magnetite is readily altered due to large surface-to-volume ratios, weathering causes an increase in average magnetic grain size as well as reduction in the quantity of titanomagnetite both absolutely and relative to hematite. Hydrodynamic mineralogical sorting also produces differences in magnetic properties among rock and mineral grains of differing sizes. Importantly, removal of coarse silicate and Fe-oxide grains by sorting concentrated extremely fine-grained magnetite in the resulting sediment. The effects of weathering and sorting of minerals cannot be completely separated. These processes combine to produce the magnetic properties of a non-glacial lithic component of Upper Klamath Lake sediments, which is characterized by relatively low magnetite content and coarse magnetic grain size. Hydrodynamic sorting alone causes significant differences between the magnetic properties of glacial flour in lake sediments and of fresh volcanic rocks in the catchment. In comparison to source volcanic rocks, glacial flour in the lake sediment is highly enriched in extremely fine-grained magnetite. 相似文献
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David R. Butler 《自然地理学》2013,34(1):86-98
Glacial, periglacial, and palynologic evidence from a small valley in the Lemhi Mountains of eastern Idaho indicates that an early Holocene cold climatic episode occurred there approximately 8,000 years ago. A small glacial moraine marks the farthest downvalley point of advance during a previously unrecognized glacial stade in the area. Periglacial ice wedges and involutions are preserved in buried sediments deposited during this same time. Pollen data extracted from these sediments suggest that an alpine steppe/tundra characterized the vegetational response to this period of early Holocene cold conditions. Other evidence from studies on the eastern Snake River Plain of Idaho corroborates these interpretations, suggesting a climatic reversal of regional importance. 相似文献
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K. P. Kodama J. C. Lyons Peter A. Siver Anne-Marie Lott 《Journal of Paleolimnology》1997,17(2):173-189
A combined mineral magnetic and scaled chrysophyte study of lake sediments from Lake Lacawac and Lake Giles in northeastern Pennsylvania was conducted to determine the effects of land-use and sediment source changes on the variation of pH, conductivity, and alkalinity inferred from biotic changes. Ten 30–40 cm long gravity cores were collected from Lake Lacawac and three from Lake Giles. Isothermal remanent magnetizations (IRMs) were given to the lake sediments in a 1.3 T magnetic field to measure magnetic mineral concentration variations. IRM acquisition experiments were conducted to identify magnetic mineralogy. The bedrock, soils and a peat bog on the shores of Lake Lacawac were also sampled for magnetic analysis to determine possible lake sediment sources. The top 10 cm of sediment collected from Lakes Lacawac and Giles was two to four times more magnetic than deeper sediment. 210Pb dating suggests that this intensity increase commenced circa 1900. SEM images of magnetic extracts from the highly magnetic sediments indicates the presence of magnetic fly ash microspheres from fossil fuel burning electric power generation plants. The similarity in magnetic coercivity in the top 8 cm lake sediments and in the peat bog supports an atmospheric source for some of the magnetic minerals in the youngest lake sediments. The highly magnetic sediments also contain an antiferromagnetic mineral in two cores closest to Lake Lacawacs southeastern shore. This magnetic mineral is only present deep in the soil profile and would suggest erosion and significant land-use changes in the Lacawac watershed as another cause for the high magnetic intensities (concentrations) in the top 10 cm of the lake sediments. The most significant changes in the scaled chrysophyte flora occurred immediately above the 10 cm level and were used to infer a doubling of the specific conductivity between circa 1910 and 1929. These variations also support land-use changes in the Lacawac catchment at this time. A similar shift in the scaled chrysophte flora was not observed in the top of Lake Giles, however, distinct changes were found in the deeper sections of the core coupled with a smaller peak in magnetic concentration. Fourier analysis of the 210Pb-dated lake sediment magnetics indicates the presence of a 50 year period, low amplitude variation in the Lake Lacawac, Lake Giles, and Lake Waynewood (Lott et al., 1994) magnetic concentration records. After removal of the land-use/fly ash magnetic concentration peak by Gaussian filtering, the 50 year variation correlates strongly from lake to lake even though the lakes are in different watersheds separated by up to 30 km. When this magnetic variation is compared with Gaussian-filtered rainfall variations observed in New York City and Philadelphia over the past 120–250 years there is a strong correlation suggesting that magnetic concentration variations can record regional rainfall variations with an approximately 50 year period. This result indicates that magnetics could be used to document regional variations in climatic change. 相似文献
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查格勒布鲁剖面—晚更新世以来东亚季风进退的地层记录 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
本文着重分析了查格勒布鲁剖面沉积物的粒度特征和孢粉组合特征，结合（１４）Ｃ测年、古冰缘现象和沉积物化学元素的ＳｉＯ２／Ａｌ２Ｏ３分子比值变化规律指出，晚更新世以来巴丹吉林沙漠南缘地区的气候条件随全球冰期气候的波动亦经历了由晚更新世早期的相对温湿阶段、晚更新世晚期尤其是末次盛冰期的干冷阶段向全新世温暖期的演化过程。东亚夏季风尾阎在晚更新世早期到达甚至越过本区影响到拐子湖一带，晚更新世晚期本区受冬季风的控制，全新世以来东亚夏季风尾闾又向本区推进，并于全新世大暖期对本区造成明显影响。 相似文献
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A 911-m-long sediment core from Lake Biwa, Japan, provides a record of organic matter delivery and accumulation in this large lake during a succession of tectonic and climatic changes dating back to the latest Pliocene. Sediments deposited since 430 ky are profundal; older sediments vary in setting between shallow-water and fluviodeltaic conditions, with occasional deep-water intervals. C/N ratios identify algal production as the dominant source of organic matter throughout the core, although the proportion of land-derived contributions episodically increases in the fluviodeltaic and shallow-water sediments. Rates of organic matter delivery and burial in lake sediments change in response to glacial-interglacial climate changes over the past 430 ky. Sediments deposited during interglacial intervals have organic carbon mass accumulation rates up to 9 times greater than those from glacial intervals, reflecting interglacial climates that were wetter than glacial climates. Algal production of organic matter increased during interglacial times because of greater wash-in of soil nutrients, and organic matter preservation was enhanced because of faster sedimentation rates. 相似文献
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鄱阳湖湖滨及湖口－彭泽段长江南岸有成群沙垄、沙山分布。2005年调查发现,可分为4个风成沙山期及7类沉积物。4个风成沙山期分别为95kaB. P.的老红沙山期、46kaB. P.的红沙山期、27kaB. P.~15kaB. P.左右的黄沙山期、250年来的近代沙山期。此外还有温暖时期沟谷里水动力作用下的次生堆积,湖滩上的风蚀残余沙以及黄沙山表面现代松散沙。比较不同时期风沙沉积的粒度组成,4个时期的风力大小基本呈现黄沙山期>近代沙山期>红沙山期>老红沙山期的状态,以上特点与末次间冰期以来多个亚冰期全球气候寒冷程度的变化具有可比性。 相似文献
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藏南沉错沉积物的粒度特征及其古环境意义 总被引：35，自引：2，他引：35
通过对藏南沉错粒度参数的分析 ,并结合与其它环境代用指标的比较 ,可以将本地区约 1 40 0年来环境变化分为四个阶段 :约 5 93A.D.～ 82 1 A.D.是湖泊水位相对较高而且变化频繁的时期 ,反映了波动较大且比较湿润的气候状况 ;约 82 1 A.D.～ 1 343A.D.是一个较长的气候相对稳定时期 ,粒度指示该阶段湖泊扩张 ,湖面升高 ,反映了湿润的气候状况 ;约 1 343A.D.～ 1 892 A.D.是一个气候波动十分剧烈且频繁的时期 ,其中约 1 60 2 A.D.前后可能出现了一次短时间的流水突然增加 ,而在这前后各有一个浅水阶段 ( 1 343A.D.～ 1 5 1 2 A.D.和 1 670 A.D.～ 1 892 A.D.) ,反映了湖泊补给程度的减弱 ;1 892 A.D.～1 998A.D.是一个相对稳定的时期 ,湖面变化不太明显 ,而 1 892 A.D.前后具有一个明显的补给水动力减弱的变化。粒度参数所反映的湖面波动与环境变化得到了其他环境代用指标较好的支持。 相似文献
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江苏海安青墩地区新石器时代环境考古 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
通过对海安青墩遗址剖面进行磁化率、粒度、孢粉、14 C测年等指标分析 ,结果表明 ,剖面第 8层至第 7层是一个海退过程 ,同时微体古生物分析表明这两层均无有孔虫 ,可知当时此区域离海较远。第 8层到第 7层气候向暖湿方向转化 ,良好的气候环境条件为后来该区域人类活动的发展创造了条件。测年资料表明第 6层为距今 3790± 10 5 14 CaB .P .,是大暖期后面的一个气候波动和缓的亚稳定暖湿期 ,当时中国绝大部分地区气候要比现今暖湿。剖面的第 3、 4、 5层 ,即 4 0 0 0 14 CaB .P .以来的一个时期 ,该区出现了一洪水泛滥期 ,正是这一洪水期导致该区域人类文明的衰落。 相似文献
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Sedimentary cores BDP 96 and 98 and VER 96-2 St. 3 from Academician Ridge in Lake Baikal were investigated to investigate the effect of climatic fluctuations on rock weathering and clay formation in the Baikal drainage basin. Illite, smectite, vermiculite, and kaolinite were identified as the major clay minerals in the sediments by X-ray diffraction analysis. Biotite in gravels in alluvial soils of the Baikal drainage area weathers through illite to vermiculite, smectite, and finally to kaolinite. To investigate the relationship between weathering and climate, we measured the clay content and the concentration of biogenic silica in the sediments. High surface productivity (increased biogenic silica) and high chemical weathering (decreased clay content) occurred simultaneously, showing that crustal weathering and soil formation were enhanced under warm climatic conditions.Clay formation was enhanced in the watershed from the Late Miocene to the Middle Pliocene, and mechanical weathering of rocks increased during glacial intervals after the climate began to cool in Late Pliocene time. This change in the weathering mode in the watershed reduced the nutrient flux and aquatic productivity of Lake Baikal. 相似文献
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Jaume Llopart Roger Urgeles Carl Fredrik Forsberg Angelo Camerlenghi Maarten Vanneste Michele Rebesco Renata Giulia Lucchi Denise Christina Rüther Hendrik Lantzsch 《Basin Research》2019,31(3):487-513
Using a combination of geophysical and geotechnical data from Storfjorden Trough Mouth Fan off southern Svalbard, we investigate the hydrogeology of the continental margin and how this is affected by Quaternary glacial advances and retreats over the continental shelf. The geotechnical results show that plumites, deposited during the deglaciation, have high porosities, permeabilities and compressibilities with respect to glacigenic debris flows and tills. These results together with margin stratigraphic models obtained from seismic reflection data were used as input for numerical finite element models to understand focusing of interstitial fluids on glaciated continental margins. The modelled evolution of the Storfjorden TMF shows that tills formed on the shelf following the onset of glacial sedimentation (ca. 1.5 Ma) acted as aquitards and therefore played a significant role in decreasing the vertical fluid flow towards the sea floor and diverting it towards the slope. The model shows that high overpressure ratios (up to λ ca. 0.6) developed below the shelf edge and on the middle slope. A more detailed model for the last 220 kyrs accounting for ice loading during glacial maxima shows that the formation of these aquitards on the shelf focused fluid flow towards the most permeable plumite sediments on the slope. The less permeable glacigenic debris flows that were deposited during glacial maxima on the slope hinder fluid evacuation from plumites allowing high overpressure ratios (up to λ ca. 0.7) to develop in the shallowest plumite layers. These high overpressures likely persist to the Present and are a critical precondition for submarine slope failure. 相似文献
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内蒙古嘎顺诺尔湖泊沉积物磁化率与粒度的古环境意义 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
湖泊沉积物磁化率和粒度已被广泛地应用于古环境和古气候研究,但在不同地区两者的关系不同,一般与磁性矿物来源、种类和赋存粒级有关。查明磁性矿物来源和赋存状态是利用粒度和磁化率恢复古环境的重要基础。通过测定干旱区嘎顺诺尔GXN剖面湖泊沉积物的磁化率与粒度及两者的相关关系,结合代表性样品的岩石磁学特征,揭示此类地区湖泊沉积物磁性矿物来源和赋存状态,探讨它们在干旱区湖泊沉积物中所反映的环境变化信息。结果显示,剖面下部（200~105 cm）和上部（36~0 cm）沉积物磁化率与粗砂含量呈正相关,中部（105~36 cm）与粉砂含量呈正相关,表明磁性矿物主要富集于粗颗粒和较粗颗粒组分中。剖面下部和中部沉积物以顺磁性矿物为主,含少量亚铁磁性矿物（如磁铁矿+磁赤铁矿）,含少量顺磁性矿物;剖面上部沉积物以亚铁磁性矿物为主（如磁赤铁矿+磁铁矿）,含少量顺磁性矿物。根据嘎顺诺尔晚全新世湖泊沉积物剖面的岩性、磁化率和粒度组合特征,可将其划分为河漫滩相沉积（200~105 cm）、浅湖相沉积（105~36 cm）和滨浅湖相沉积（36~0 cm）3个阶段。该湖粒度组分中<4 μm和4~64 μm颗粒主要反映了湖泊水动力的变化,受碎屑物来源和水动力条件的控制;而河漫滩相中>64 μm粗颗粒组分的峰值是风力作用的结果。河漫滩相及滨浅湖相的磁化率高值则指示了湖面较低,水动力较强,有较多的磁性矿物随粗颗粒入湖;浅湖相的磁化率低值则指示该时期湖面较高,水动力较弱,磁性矿物随入湖粗颗粒含量的减少而降低。 相似文献
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Krzysztof Pleskot Rik Tjallingii Mirosław Makohonienko Norbert Nowaczyk Witold Szczuciński 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2018,59(4):443-459
Western Poland is located in the central European climatic transition zone, which separates the mild and humid Atlantic climate of Western Europe and the East European continental climate. This region is sensitive to lateral shifts of the European climate zones and is particularly suitable for reconstructing Holocene climate variability. This paper presents detailed analyses of the sedimentary record from Lake Strzeszyńskie since the Late Pleistocene. These include smear-slide and thin-section observations, X-ray fluorescence core scanning, magnetic susceptibility measurements, pollen analyses, and radiocarbon dating. The sediment record reveals three distinct sedimentary units consisting of: (1) an alternation of sand layers and laminated silt and clay deposits accumulated prior to 14,600 cal yr BP; (2) faintly laminated calcareous sediments intercalated with organic matter-rich layers deposited between 14,600 and 10,200 cal yr BP; and (3) massive calcareous mud deposited after 10,200 cal yr BP. The Holocene period is marked by nine phases of organic-rich sedimentation and enhanced Fe deposition, which occurred at ca. 10.1, 9.3, 6.4–6.1, 5.5–5.1, 4.7–4.5, 2.7–2.4, 1.3–1.2, 0.8–0.6, 0.4–0.2 kyr cal BP. These phases are associated with high lake levels and correspond with wet periods recognized in several other records from Poland and central Europe. These phases partly coincide with North Atlantic cold periods, which may suggest that high lake levels are triggered by an ocean-continent linking mechanism. 相似文献