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1.
A case of mesoscale convective complex(MCC)which evolved into a vortex is documented in this paper.As theMCC entered into the dissipating phase,a well-defined spirally banded structure became visible in the satellite image.The blackbody temperature(TBB)of the residual cold-cloud-shield indicates the vortex existed in the layer from 400 to250 hPa.According to the upper air analysis,the upper level vortex was an anticyclone.The MCC-generated vortex wasvisualized in the satellite images because it was located in the subtropical high where the wind field was very weak. 相似文献
2.
Tao Zuyu Wang Hongqing Bai Jie Zhu Wenqin Shi Dingpu Yang Hongmei 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》1995,9(2):184-189
A case of mesoscale convective complex(MCC) which evolved into a vortex is documented in this paper.As the MCC entered into the dissipating phase,a well-defined spirally banded structure became visible in the satellite image.The blackbody temperature(TBB) of the residual cold-cloud-shield indicates the vortex existed in the layer from 400 to 250 hPa.According to the upper air analysis,the upper level vortex was an anticyclone.The MCC-generated vortex was visualized in the satellite images because it was located in the subtropical high where the wind field was very weak. 相似文献
3.
A Simulation Study of the Mesoscale Convective Systems Associated with a Meiyu Frontal Heavy Rain Event 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2 
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下载免费PDF全文 In this study, evolution of the mesoscale convective systems （MCSs） within a Meiyu front during a particularly heavy rainfall event on 22 June 1999 in East China was simulated by using a nonhydrostatic numerical model ARPS （Advanced Regional Prediction System）. Investigations were conducted with emphasis on the impact of the interaction among multi-scale weather systems （MWSs） on the development of MCSs in the Meiyu frontal environment. For this case, the development of MCSs experienced three different stages. （1） The convections associated with MCSs were firstly triggered by the eastward-moving Southwest Vortex （SWV） from the Sichuan Basin, accompanying the intensification of the upper-level jet （ULJ） and the low-level jet （LLJ） that were approaching the Meiyu front. （2） Next, a low-level shear line （LSL） formed, which strengthened and organized the MCSs after the SWV decayed. Meanwhile, the ULJ and LLJ enhanced and produced favorable conditions for the MCSs development. （3） Finally, as the MCSs got intensified, a mesoscale convective vortex （MCV）, a mesoscale LLJ and a mesoscale ULJ were established. Then a coupled-development of MWSs was achieved through the vertical frontal circulations, which further enhanced the MCV and resulted in the heavy rainfall. This is a new physical mechanism for the formation of Meiyu heavy rainfall related to the SWV during the warm season in East China. In the three stages of the heavy rainfall, the vertical frontal circulations exhibited distinguished structures and played a dynamic role, and they enhanced the interaction among the MWSs. A further examination on the formation and evolution of the MCV showed that the MCV was mainly caused by the latent heat release of the MCSs, and the positive feedback between the MCSs and MCV was a key characteristic of the scale interaction in this case. 相似文献
4.
江苏一次锢囚状MCS和相关中涡旋MCV的观测分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
利用常规地面和高空气象观测资料,结合气象卫星云图和雷达回波,分析了2009年6月14日15—23时(北京时,下同),造成江苏强对流天气的一个中尺度对流系统(MCS)的锢囚状特征的形成过程及其垂直结构。地面中尺度分析表明,雷暴高压东侧在飑前倒槽北端发展的闭合低压环流的东南气流将暖湿空气输送到冷性雷暴高压的北侧形成东南一西北向的暖舌,从而形成锢囚状的结构。长三角探空网资料的垂直结构分析表明,在对流层下部地面到850 hPa为冷性的雷暴高压,在对流层中部700 hPa为冷性的α中尺度涡旋(MCV),而500 hPa已转变为暖性的MCV。静力学关系可以说明MCV仅仅存在于700~500 hPa的原因和MCS下冷上暖的热力结构密切相关。 相似文献
5.
引发梅雨锋暴雨的频发型中尺度低压(扰动)的诊断研究 总被引：17，自引：6，他引：11
利用再分析资料及加密观测资料,对1999年6月下旬有利大尺度环境条件下长江中下游地区梅雨锋上频发的5个中尺度低压(扰动)进行了诊断研究.由合成分析得到了长江中下游地区中尺度低压(扰动)的基本特征(共性);依其特征将之归纳为两种类型;之后选择两个典型个例分析了它们各自发生发展过程中特征的异同(个性).分析结果揭示了梅雨锋中尺度低压(扰动)的动力和热力结构特征、暴雨过程中对流活动的详细过程及典型雨团的路径和生命史.此外,高山站每小时的风记录等信息反映出低空西南急流和其上大风速中心同中尺度低压(扰动)及暴雨发生演变过程有密切关系.高空急流对中尺度低压(扰动)的发展及暴雨有明显的作用,有无高空西风急流与低空急流的耦合似乎是未来发展与不发展中尺度低压(扰动)之间重要的动力学区别之一. 相似文献
6.
An analysis was conducted on the evolutional process of a mesoscale convective vortex (MCV) and associated heavy rainfall in the Dabie Mountain area on 21-22 June 2008,as well as their structural characteristics in different stages,by using the mesoscale reanalysis data with 3 km and 1 h resolution generated by the Local Analysis and Prediction System (LAPS) in the Southern China Heavy Rainfall Experiment.The results showed that the latent heat released by convection in the midtroposphere was the main energy source for the development of a low-level vortex.There was a positive feedback interaction between the convection and the vortex,and the evolution of the MCV was closely related to the strength of the positive interaction.The most typical characteristics of the thermal structure in different stages were that,there was a relatively thin diabatic heating layer in the midtroposphere in the formative stage;the thickness of diabatic heating layer significantly increased in the mature stage;and it almost disappeared in the decay stage.The characteristics of the dynamic structure were that,in the formative stage,there was no anticyclonic circulation at the high level;in the mature stage,an anticyclonic circulation with strong divergence was formed at the high level;in the decay stage,the anticyclonic circulation was damaged and the high-level atmosphere was in a disordered state of turbulence.Finally,the structural schematics of the MCV in the formative and mature stage were established respectively. 相似文献
7.
北京7·21暴雨暖区中尺度对流系统的数值模拟 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
许多业务模式对北京2012年7月21日特大暴雨的预报均是以锋面降水为主。在冷锋过境前,实际北京西南部强降水主要以暖区降水为主。本文利用30个成员的中尺度非静力数值模式（WRF）,通过3次集合卡尔曼滤波(EnKF)同化地面和探空资料,对这次暴雨过程进行了集合数值模拟。通过对比分析模拟降水较好与较差成员发现,好的成员能够模拟出河北中西部及北京西南地区触发出的暖区中尺度对流系统（MCS）以及相对稳定的系统配置,使得MCS在北京上空充分发展,从而较好地模拟了这次特大暴雨过程中的暖区降水;而较差的成员则没能模拟出暖区降水过程,降水以锋面降水过程为主,并且雨带位置偏南、出现时间滞后。集合成员间模拟结果出现的较大差异,和初始场中低值系统位置的较大差异有直接关系,因此通过EnKF提高模式成员初始场的准确率,从而准确模拟后期主要影响系统的移动和发展,是成功模拟暖区对流系统触发和维持的关键所在。 相似文献
8.
运用1998～2000年夏季青藏高原上182天的极轨气象卫星资料,研究了由计算机客观自动追踪中尺度对流系统(MCS)方法和由此得到的28685个MCSs及提取的相关信息,较为全面地揭示了夏季高原上MCS初生阶段的日频数、强度、形状、日变化、地理分布等诸多特征。得到了高原上每日平均有163个MCSs生成,其中约有76 %的面积仅为数百km2,>104 km2的极少(占4 %);它们的形状多为带状、逗点状以及其他不规则形状,圆形和椭圆形只占近30 %,云顶平均亮温为-51 ℃左右;午后MCS数是上午前期的2倍以上,并且云顶亮温≤-54 ℃的多达5倍以上;它们主要活动在33 oN以南的高原南部,其中在雅鲁藏布江中上游地区和川西至横断山一带各有一个高频中心,这充分展示出南亚季风活动对MCSs初生的主导作用。 相似文献
9.
ISENTROPIC POTENTIAL VORTICITY ANALYSIS ON THE MESOSCALE CYCLONE DEVELOPMENT IN A TORRENTIAL RAIN PROCESS* 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 The mesoscale model MM4 is used to simulate the torrential rain associated with Meiyu front occurring on 5-6 July.1991 in the Changjiang-Huaihe Basin.Based on the outputs of the model,the cause of the mesoscale cyclogenesis on the lower troposphere is investigated in terms of the potential vorticity principle.The results show that because of the favorable pattern of moist isentropic surface,the absolute vorticity increases when cold air with high moist potential vorticity value rapidly slides down southwards along the moist isentropic surface,and then causes the cyclonic vortex development. 相似文献
10.
根据郭晓岚的对流加热方法，计算积云对流对ＭＣＣ和加热，增湿的贡献，估计其降水效率，从而推算ＭＣＣ的降水量，计算结果与实际降水量及降水分布比较接近，可用于ＭＣＣ６－１２ｈ的降水估计和预报。 相似文献
11.
东北地区MCC雷达回波特征分析 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
2005年7月16日在黑龙江省北部地区出现中尺度对流辐合体(MCC),产生了雷暴、冰雹、龙卷、暴雨等强对流天气,尤其是齐齐哈尔北部间隔1小时10分钟发生了2个龙卷。利用雷达、FY-2卫星云图和相关资料,对这次MCC过程进行了分析,并对比高纬度MCC和非MCC强降雨的区别。结果表明:高纬度MCC雷达回波速度场上有明显中气旋,龙卷发生在MCC的发展阶段。物理量分析发现高纬度MCC比非MCC强降雨在水汽条件和动力因子上要求更高。地形在高纬度MCC的形成过程中起到很重要的作用,相同的背景条件下,在山脉的背风坡系统明显加强。 相似文献
12.
The mesoscale model MM4 is used to simulate the torrential rain associated with Meiyu frontoccurring on 5—6 July.1991 in the Changjiang-Huaihe Basin.Based on the outputs of the model,the cause of the mesoscale cyclogenesis on the lower troposphere is investigated in terms of thepotential vorticity principle.The results show that because of the favorable pattern of moistisentropic surface,the absolute vorticity increases when cold air with high moist potential vorticityvalue rapidly slides down southwards along the moist isentropic surface,and then causes thecyclonic vortex development. 相似文献
13.
中国大陆中尺度对流复合体的环境场演变特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用合成分析方法,将中国大陆中尺度对流复合体的生命史划分为７ 个子阶段,详细探讨ＭＣＣ演变过程中的能量生消特征。结果表明：在ＭＣＣ的持续阶段,５００ｈＰａ 以下始终有深厚不稳定层存在,不稳定度渐渐减小,水汽、热量从西南和偏南方进入ＭＣＣ,最大通量值出现在９００～５００ ｈＰａ 高度。高、低、中空环流配合对ＭＣＣ的启动和发展有重要意义。 相似文献
14.
青藏高原上中尺度对流系统(MCS)的数值模拟 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
A mesoscale convective system (MCS) developing over the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau on 26 July 1995 issimulated using the fifth version of the Penn State-NCAR nonhydrostatic mesoscale model (MM5). Theresults obtained are inspiring and are as follows. (1) The model simulates well the largescale conditionsin which the MCS concerned is embedded, which are the well-known anticyclonic Qinghai-Xizang PlateauHigh in the upper layers and the strong thermal forcing in the lower layers. In particular, the modelcaptures the meso-α scale cyclonic vortex associated with the MCS, which can be analyzed in the 500 hPaobservational winds; and to some degree, the model reproduces even its meso-β scale substructure similarto satellite images, reflected in the model-simulated 400 hPa rainwater. On the other hand, there aresome distinct deficiencies in the simulation; for example, the simulated MCS occurs with a lag of 3 hoursand a westward deviation of 3-5° longitude. (2) The structure and evolution of the meso-α scale vortexassociated with the MCS are undescribable for upper-air sounding data. The vortex is confined to thelower troposphere under 450 hPa over the plateau and shrinks its extent with height, with a diameter of4° longitude at 500 hPa. It is within the updraft area, but with an upper-level anticyclone and downdraftover it. The vortex originates over the plateau, and does not form until the mature stage of the MCS. Itlasts for 3-6 hours. In its processes of both formation and decay, the change in geopotential height fieldis prior to that in the wind field. It follows that the vortex is closely associated with the thermal effectsover the plateau. (3) A series of sensitivity experiments are conducted to investigate the impact of varioussurface thermal forcings and other physical processes on the MCS over the plateau. The results indicatethat under the background conditions of the upper-level Qinghai-Xizang High, the MCS involved is mainlydominated by the low-level thermal forcing. The simulation described here is a good indication that itmay be possible to reproduce the MCS over the plateau under certain large-scale conditions and with theincorporation of proper thermal physics in the lower layers. 相似文献
15.
中尺度对流复合体的热力学特征分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
用合成分析方法探讨ＭＣＣ热力学结构的演变规律,结果表明：ＭＣＣ整个生命史里,对流层中下部为正涡度区,２００ｈＰａ以上为负涡度区;发展时刻辐合区突然抬升;ＭＣＣ前期的垂直上升速度最大中心高度低于后期的;ＭＣＣ的高低空的冷心、中层暖心的温度结构在成熟期以后不明显 相似文献
16.
Mesoscale Analysis of a Heavy Rainfall Event Along the Huaihe River Valley During 8-9 July 2007 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 During 8-9 July 2007,several successively developed rainstorms along the Meiyu front produced heavy rainfall in the Huaihe River Valley,which led to the most catastrophic flooding in this region since 1954.Through mesoscale analysis of both conventional and intensive observations from upper air and surface stations,automatic weather stations,Doppler radars,and the FY-2C satellite,the current study examines the developing style and environmental conditions of the mesoscale convective systems(MCSs)that led to the development of the rainstorms.Our analysis showed that this event went through three phases.The first phase of the heavy rainfall(Phase Ⅰ)was caused by a meso-α-scale wind shear in the lower troposphere during 0200-1700 BT(Beijing Time)8 July.Phase Ⅱ was characterized by a reduction in rain rate and the formation of a low-level vortex between 1700 BT 8 and 0200 BT 9 July.In Phase Ⅲ,the well-organized mature meso-α-scale low-level vortex brought about intensified rains during 0200-0800 BT 9 July.Satellite and raclar observations showed a backward development of MCSs(new convective cells were generated at the back of the system)in PhaseⅡ,a forward development in Phase Ⅲ,and a spiral organization of the convective lines in Phase Ⅱ.The heavy rainstorm systems were initiated continuously along a surface mesoscale dew-point front with a horizontal scale of～300 km(as part of the Meiyu front)in the upper reaches of the Huaihe River Valley near Fuyang City,Anhui Province and then gradually decayed in the middle and lower reaches.It is hypothesized that lifting by strong low-level convergence is sufficient to trigger convection in the high CAPE(convective available potential energy)environment. 相似文献
17.
一次长历时特大暴雨多普勒雷达中尺度分析 总被引：11，自引：9，他引：2
2008年7月22日湖北省襄樊市出现了一次长历时的特大暴雨过程,9小时内降水量301 mm,占年平均降水量的三分之一,为当地有气象记录以来最大、最强的一次降水过程。利用多普勒雷达资料等对这次特大暴雨的回波结构特征、中尺度系统活动和地形作用进行了分析。结果表明:(1)在低涡、切变线共同作用下,影响襄樊地区特大暴雨的回波系统有两个,一是稳定维持在鄂西北地区的切变线带状降水回波,二是低涡东北侧发展的具有螺旋回波带结构的涡旋回波,两者构成涡带结合型回波结构形态。在涡带结合处,对流回波的不断新生、向北移动导致襄樊地区持续性的强降水。(2)襄樊特大暴雨过程的发生与其北部115 km处的一支东北风中尺度超低空急流的建立,及其南部低涡东侧强偏南暖湿气流的向北发展有密切关系。由于襄樊西侧武当山的屏障作用,超低空东北急流折向东南,与偏南暖湿气流在静止锋附近形成中尺度气旋性辐合上升运动。两支急流的维持对襄樊附近持续性的辐合上升运动起到关键作用。 相似文献
18.
为满足华中区域对高分辨率数值预报的业务需求,华中区域中尺度数值天气预报系统于2014年4月1日业务运行。该系统以命令行方式提交和运行,存在监控管理不直观、故障难定位和处理复杂、运行效率低等问题。针对存在的问题,运用SMS(Supervisor Monitor Scheduler,监控管理调度系统)技术进行了流程化调度开发,构建了客户端/服务器结构的华中区域中尺度数值天气预报系统。新系统充分考虑各流程间的关联,将整个业务系统的运行过程串联为一个整体。相比原系统,其具有以下特点:可提供友好的图形化维护界面,整个运行流程结构清晰,能方便、快捷地定位和解决故障,大幅度提升业务系统的运行效率,较原系统整体运行时间缩短约35.4%,节约时间主要集中在数据获取、后处理与产品制作上。 相似文献
19.
一次强暴雨过程地闪活动特征与中尺度对流系统和强降水的关系 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用2007年8月8日18时至9日02时发生在陕西关中强暴雨期间的地闪、卫星TBB、雷达回波和地面加密降水资料,通过统计和对比分析的方法,分析了地闪活动特征及其与中尺度对流系统（MCS）和强降水的关系。地闪活动特征分析显示,暴雨过程中负地闪占绝对优势,为总地闪的97.7%。负闪频数和总闪频数的逐时演变趋势完全一致且呈现两峰一谷的趋势,正闪频数的变化呈现三峰两谷的趋势,但是正闪频数最大值与总闪、负闪频数峰值时间一致。负闪活跃期正负闪6 min演变均表现为多峰结构,正闪的波峰提前于负闪的波峰12 min。负闪频数变化和MCS、雷达反射率因子演变对比分析表明,负闪发生区是未来对流云团和对流发展加强区,负闪频数密集区位于对流云团前部TBB等值线密集区,负闪频数的急剧增加意味着未来对流系统的猛烈发展;负闪主要出现在回波强度大于40 dBz的区域,正闪则落到强回波中心两侧30～40 dBz的回波区,中尺度对流系统快速发展加强期,负闪密集区位于回波单体的前沿,中尺度系统发展稳定少动期,负闪大部分集中在各对流单体的强回波中心附近。对比分析地闪与暴雨发生发展的关系可见,地闪的发生和急剧增加对暴雨发生和发展加强有很好指示意义,初闪的发生提前于强降水发生,地闪急剧增加与降水强度猛增密切关联,负地闪发生密集区是未来强降水发生区。 相似文献
20.
2002年中国暴雨试验期间一次低涡切变上发生发展的中尺度对流系统研究 总被引：35，自引：10，他引：25
采用常规观测和"973"中国暴雨试验资料,对2002年6月22～23日一次由中尺度对流系统(MCS)发展而产生的低涡,以及伴随其发生发展的对流系统进行了分析和模拟研究.结果表明:MCSA东移到河南西部时,由于对流层中层正涡度中心的强迫和潜热释放产生了气旋,低层的暖平流可能是低涡东移发展的原因之一.模拟结果显示低涡东部的对流系统发生在气旋东部的暖切变上,西部对流系统发生在冷切变附近.在低涡的南部偏南风与偏北风之间形成辐合线,辐合线上有低层偏东风与高层偏西风的垂直切变,对流沿辐合线由西南向东北方向移动形成对流带.对流系统发展强盛时除了低层的强辐合外,高层较深厚的强辐散是其维持的重要原因,当系统倾斜时表明开始减弱.试验加密资料分析也表明:降雨发生前有明显的增湿过程,而降雨开始后,整层可降雨量迅速减少;对流系统南侧强的西南低空急流向对流区输送了大量水汽;气旋东移后,西北风(冷空气)的侵入使降雨结束. 相似文献