共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Groundwater and surface-water interactions and impacts of human activities in the Hailiutu catchment,northwest China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Zhi Yang Yangxiao Zhou Jochen Wenninger Stefan Uhlenbrook Xusheng Wang Li Wan 《Hydrogeology Journal》2017,25(5):1341-1355
The interactions between groundwater and surface water have been significantly affected by human activities in the semi-arid Hailiutu catchment, northwest China. Several methods were used to investigate the spatial and temporal interactions between groundwater and surface water. Isotopic and chemical analyses of water samples determined that groundwater discharges to the Hailiutu River, and mass balance equations were employed to estimate groundwater seepage rates along the river using chemical profiles. The hydrograph separation method was used to estimate temporal variations of groundwater discharges to the river. A numerical groundwater model was constructed to simulate groundwater discharges along the river and to analyze effects of water use in the catchment. The simulated seepage rates along the river compare reasonably well with the seepage estimates derived from a chemical profile in 2012. The impacts of human activities (river-water diversion and groundwater abstraction) on the river discharge were analyzed by calculating the differences between the simulated natural groundwater discharge and the measured river discharge. Water use associated with the Hailiutu River increased from 1986 to 1991, reached its highest level from 1992 to 2000, and decreased from 2001 onwards. The reduction of river discharge might have negative impacts on the riparian ecosystem and the water availability for downstream users. The interactions between groundwater and surface water as well as the consequences of human activities should be taken into account when implementing sustainable water resources management in the Hailiutu catchment. 相似文献
2.
工程措施影响滑坡地下水动态的数值模拟研究 总被引：9，自引：2，他引：7
大多数滑坡的发生与地下水活动有关 ,地下水的动态变化直接关系到滑坡的稳定性状况。因此 ,在滑坡治理工程中 ,首先需要研究各种影响因素和工程治理措施对坡体地下水位的影响方式 ,从而正确分析滑坡成因机制和制定合理的滑坡治理方案。基于工程滑坡实例研究 ,利用数值模拟 ,揭示了滑坡治理工程中地下排水洞的排水效果 ,分析了地表水集中入渗和设置抗滑桩后地下水渗流场的变化特征。表明数值模拟研究 ,可以有效地揭示工程措施及主要影响因素对滑坡地下水动态的影响方式 ,为滑坡治理奠定必要的基础 相似文献
3.
应用地下水模拟软件GMS建立山东济南明水泉域的三维地下水流数值模拟模型,对泉域内岩溶地下水进行数值模拟和水平衡分析,评价了泉域岩溶地下水资源总量和在保持泉水常年喷涌条件下的岩溶地下水可采资源量。在此基础上,应用时间序列分析法对泉水水位动态进行了预测。结果表明:明水泉域多年（2003-2014年）地下水补给量为1.23×108 m3·a-1,排泄量为1.36×108 m3·a-1,均衡差为-1.30×108 m3·a-1;模型预测未来20年泉水最低水位为55.65 m,最高水位为68.72 m,平均泉流量为34.6×104 m3·d-1。 相似文献
4.
5.
西南地区隧道工程条件下岩溶地下水系统变化特征分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
岩溶山区越岭长大隧道的施工不可避免地会使当地的岩溶水系统发生改变,如地下水水位的下降、地表泉点的漏失等。基于隧道工程对岩溶地下水系统边界条件、排泄状况等天然特征的影响,依据西南地区岩溶地下水系统主要特征及隧道工程特点,考虑隧道工程条件下影响岩溶地下水系统特征的主要因素,对岩溶类型(岩溶含水岩组的埋藏条件)、构造特征、补给特征、岩溶水径流方式与隧道工程特点相组合的模式下的岩溶地下水系统的变化进行特征分析,并将岩溶地下水系统的变化归纳为3种类型。据此,选择研究区金汁河地下水系统作为典型研究对象,假设3种隧道穿越方案,将不同隧道穿越方案下的岩溶地下水系统与天然岩溶地下水系统进行对比分析,归纳概述其变化特征,最后对各隧道方案下的涌水量及其涌水危险性进行初步预测及评价。 相似文献
6.
Impact of rehabilitation of Assiut barrage, Nile River, on groundwater rise in urban areas 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Mohamed A. Dawoud Nahed E. El Arabi Ahmed R. Khater Jan van Wonderen 《Journal of African Earth Sciences》2006,45(4-5):395-407
To make optimum use of the most vital natural resource of Egypt, the River Nile water, a number of regulating structures (in the form of dams and barrages) for control and diversion of the river flow have been constructed in this river since the start of the 20th century. One of these barrages is the Assiut barrage which will require considerable repairs in the near future. The design of the rehabilitation of the barrage includes a headpond with water levels maintained at a level approximately 0.60 m higher than the highest water level in the headpond of the present barrage. This development will cause an increase of the seepage flow from the river towards the adjacent agricultural lands, Assiut Town and villages. The increased head pond level might cause a rise of the groundwater levels and impedance of drainage outflows. The drainage conditions may therefore be adversely affected in the so-called impacted areas which comprise floodplains on both sides of the Nile for about 70 km upstream of the future barrage. A rise in the groundwater table, particularly when high river levels impede drainage, may result in waterlogging and secondary salinization of the soil profile in agricultural areas and increase of groundwater into cellars beneath buildings in the urban areas. In addition, a rise in the groundwater table could have negative impact on existing sanitation facilities, in particular in the areas which are served with septic tanks. The impacts of increasing the headpond level were assessed using a three-dimensional groundwater model. The mechanisms of interactions between the Nile River and the underlying Quaternary aquifer system as they affect the recharge/discharge processes are comprehensively outlined. The model has been calibrated for steady state and transient conditions against historical data from observation wells. The mitigation measures for the groundwater rise in the urban areas have been tested using the calibrated mode. 相似文献
7.
黑河中上游段河道渗漏量计算方法的试验研究 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
通过河道断面法对黑河中上游河段河道渗漏量进行了比测试验,结果表明:河床岩性组成、河流平面几何形态变化以及人类活动对输水方式的改变等对河道渗漏量影响显著.黑河实施全流域调水前后河道渗漏量发生显著的跳跃性变化,莺落峡至312桥区间河道渗漏量调水前为1.2543×108 m3,调水后为4.3747×108 m3,调水后较调水前河道渗漏量增加3.1203×108 m3;河道流量越小其相应损失率愈大,河道流量越大,其相应损失率愈小,由此得出各河段不同流量单位河长的损失率服从倒数函数分布.研究结果是在黑河中上游实体河道上进行上下断面流量比测试验的基础上得出的,符合该河段的实际情况,可作为黑河中游地表水、地下水转化分析、地下水流系统模拟、流域水资源重复利用、水量调度计算各种模拟模型验证河道渗漏量的基础资料. 相似文献
8.
在分析研究区地质及水文地质条件的基础上,根据对各类水样资料的研究,发现在洛河下游,对于相对惰性的组分,河水的化学成分由河水与地下水混合形成,并且从水化学的角度验证了在该区段补给河水的那部分地下水主要来自洛河以南的地下水;但对于易发生化学反应的组分,河水在向下游运动的过程中,其化学成分明显受到了化学反应的影响。论文使用Cl^-质量平衡方法,计算出洛河上游河水中地下水的补给比例在20～30％左右,下游地下水补给比例约占70％左右;并且根据研究区的具体条件及矿物饱和指数的计算结果,确定了石膏、方解石的溶解和白云石的沉淀以及碳酸平衡是河水化学成分形成的主要化学作用,通过对化学反应量的计算,恢复了河水与地下水仅发生了简单混合作用的混合水的成分。 相似文献
9.
A multi-method approach to quantify groundwater/surface water-interactions in the semi-arid Hailiutu River basin,northwest China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Identification and quantification of groundwater and surface-water interactions provide important scientific insights for managing groundwater and surface-water conjunctively. This is especially relevant in semi-arid areas where groundwater is often the main source to feed river discharge and to maintain groundwater dependent ecosystems. Multiple field measurements were taken in the semi-arid Bulang sub-catchment, part of the Hailiutu River basin in northwest China, to identify and quantify groundwater and surface-water interactions. Measurements of groundwater levels and stream stages for a 1-year investigation period indicate continuous groundwater discharge to the river. Temperature measurements of stream water, streambed deposits at different depths, and groundwater confirm the upward flow of groundwater to the stream during all seasons. Results of a tracer-based hydrograph separation exercise reveal that, even during heavy rainfall events, groundwater contributes much more to the increased stream discharge than direct surface runoff. Spatially distributed groundwater seepage along the stream was estimated using mass balance equations with electrical conductivity measurements during a constant salt injection experiment. Calculated groundwater seepage rates showed surprisingly large spatial variations for a relatively homogeneous sandy aquifer. 相似文献
10.
地表水与地下水相互转化是中国西北干旱内流盆地水循环的显著特征,转化机制研究是盆地水循环规律认知和水资源可持续管理的重要基础。以我国西北干旱内流河黑河流域中游的张掖盆地和盐池盆地为研究区,建立了黑河主干河道时变水平衡模型和地表水地下水耦合数值模型,研究了长周期水文变化和人类活动双重影响下地表水与地下水转化机制,得到如下认识:（1）补给条件由以天然条件下河流渗漏为主的线状补给演变为以河流与引水渠道渗漏的线状补给和灌区田间入渗面状补给,排泄条件由以泉水溢出和天然湿地排泄演变为以泉水溢出与地下水开采为主的排泄。（2）张掖盆地黑河干流河道入渗段和溢出段大致以G312 大桥为界,亦称为地表水与地下水转化的转折点。莺落峡—G312 大桥段为悬河渗漏段,河道入渗补给主要受控于进入河道的实际过水量。其中,莺落峡—草滩庄段河道入渗补给率为28.20 %;草滩庄—G312 大桥段河道入渗补给量与河道过水量的关系可用分段函数表达,河道过水量大于或等于0.37×108 m3/mon时呈幂函数关系,小于则呈线性函数关系。G312 大桥—正义峡段为地下水溢出段,其中G312大桥—平川大桥段地下水溢出量约占全部溢出量的70%,溢出峰值出现在高崖水文站下游约6 km处,其单长溢出量可达0.46 m3/(s·km)。（3）研究区是一个相对完整的河流—含水层系统,近31年来经历了连枯和连丰的水文变化,地下水补给排泄条件及与地表水转化机制均发生了相应的变化。地表水与地下水转化最强烈的地区为张掖盆地中部的黑河—梨园河倾斜平原。1990—2001 年连枯期,灌区引水量总体逐年减少,以河道入渗和渠系渗漏为主的补给量平均以0.06×108 m3/a速率减少,农田灌溉面积增加导致灌溉用水增加,地下水开采量显著增加,地下水水位逐年下降,储存量累计减少5.77×108 m3,地下水溢出量平均减少0.16×108 m3/a;而2002—2020 年连丰期,灌区引水量总体逐年减少,河道入渗量呈增加趋势,地下水总补给量平均增加0.15×108 m3/a,灌溉面积继续扩大,农灌开采量随之增加,以河道入渗量增加为主导,地下水水位持续上升,储存量累计增加5.45×108 m3,地下水溢出量平均增加0.08×108 m3/a。总之,补给和排泄条件变化较大,地下水储存量先减后增,地下水溢出总量变化较为平缓,反映了该区巨厚含水层系统的巨大调蓄功能。（4）位于张掖盆地东部的诸河倾斜平原地下水水位长期处于持续下降状态,这是由于地表水开发过度,补给量锐减。黑河侵蚀堆积平原地下水水位基本稳定。30 多年来盐池盆地倾斜平原地下水水位长期处于持续下降状态,这是由于移民开垦导致地下水过量开采。（5）内流盆地天然悬河入渗段是珍贵的地下水补给通道,无论连枯期还是连丰期,河道实际过水量是河道渗漏补给量的关键,保护上游天然河道和一定的河道实际过水量是内流盆地水资源可持续管理的关键。 相似文献
11.
This investigation examined plant survival and water sources for small depressions excavated to build an earthen dam and nature
trail in north-central Texas, USA. These “inadvertent wetlands” occupy part of an outdoor education facility, overlying alluvial
deposits of the Trinity River. A large lake behind the earthen dam strongly influences surface water and groundwater levels
in the area. Excavated depressions receive direct precipitation, runoff, and groundwater inputs, losing water by seepage and
evapotranspiration. Hydroperiods varied with location and water input: excavations receiving groundwater held water year round;
others periodically desiccated. Groundwater-fed depressions had higher salinity; however, the highest average value (1,304 μS/cm)
was within the freshwater range. A total of 66 to 75% of emergent and floating wetland species planted in three depressions
survived after 2 years. The developing wetlands appear viable under hydrologic conditions typical of the study period. Ultimately,
variable hydroperiods among wetlands, and water level fluctuations within individual wetlands, may foster diverse plant-species
compositions. Depressed lake levels following long-term drought or increased water demands pose the greatest threat to the
developing wetlands. 相似文献
12.
数值模型在黑河干流中游水资源管理中的应用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以黑河干流中游水资源管理为例,利用地下水数值模型研究了天然和人工活动作用下泉水、地下水向地表水排泄量的变化规律;预测分析了不同情景下的水资源开发利用状况.研究表明,地下水向河-泉的排泄量呈衰减趋势,且地下水的增采量和渠系防渗节约的水量主要来源于地下水储存量的消耗;指出在目前有限的水资源条件下,为保护生态地质环境,必须限制地下水的持续超采. 相似文献
13.
Groundwater flow and the associated surface water flow are potential negative factors on underground tunnels. Early detection of environmental impacts on water resources is of significant importance to planning, design and construction of tunnel projects, as early detection can minimize accidents and project delays during construction. The groundwater modeling software package Groundwater Modeling System (GMS), which supports the groundwater numerical codes MODFLOW and FEMWATER, was utilized to determine the impact of tunneling excavation on the hydrogeological environment in a regional area around the tunnel and a local hot springs area, at the “Tseng-Wen Reservoir Transbasin Diversion Project”, in Taiwan. A hydrogeological conceptual model was first developed to simplify structures related to the site topography, geology and geological structure. The MODFLOW code was then applied to simulate groundwater flow pattern for the hydrogeological conceptual model in the tunnel area. The automated parameter estimation method was applied to calibrate groundwater level fluctuation and hydrogeological parameters in the region. Calibration of the model demonstrated that errors between simulated and monitored results are smaller than allowable errors. The study also observed that tunneling excavation caused groundwater to flow toward the tunnel. No obvious changes in the groundwater flow field due to tunnel construction were observed far away in the surrounding regions. Furthermore, the FEMWATER code for solving 3-D groundwater flow problems, in which hydrogeological characteristics are integrated into a geographic information system (GIS), is applied to evaluate the impact of tunnel construction on an adjacent hot spring. Simulation results indicated that the groundwater drawdown rate is less than the groundwater recharge rate, and the change to the groundwater table after tunnel construction was insignificant for the hot spring area. Finally, the groundwater flow obtained via the GMS indicated that the hydrogeological conceptual model can estimate the possible quantity of tunnel inflow and the impact of tunnel construction on the regional and local groundwater resources regime of the transbasin diversion project. 相似文献
14.
山西太原西山汾河二库的泉域归属及其渗漏量计算 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
山西省汾河二库是建于汾河中上游的一座大型水库。由于水库处于晋祠兰村泉域交界地带的碳酸盐岩河段,水库蓄水并淹没了天然条件下出流的悬泉寺泉群,造成库区岩溶水文地质条件发生根本性改变,直接影响到泉域岩溶水的水资源评价、开发管理和以泉水复流为目标的生态修复的措施制定。本文针对汾河二库修建后的以下两个问题开展了讨论。第一,利用最新调查与勘探资料分析二库修建对岩溶水文地质条件的影响,并对二库库区的泉域归属问题进行了划定,认为悬泉寺泉水的出流受控于汾河河谷内向西倾斜的下奥陶统区域相对隔水层的阻水作用,汾河二库蓄水水位提高近40 m,天然条件下挟持于晋祠-兰村泉域间相对独立循环的悬泉寺泉域降落漏斗被“充满”,泉水消失,形成对岩溶地下水渗漏反补给,水库渗漏水量通过中奥陶统主要进入晋祠泉域,汾河二库以寺头-下槐间下奥陶统出露的地段为界,下槐泉以上划归晋祠泉域,下槐泉以下则划归兰村泉域;第二,利用二库上游寨上水文站、下游的上兰村水文站资料和二库蓄水水位系列资料,由均衡法建立了二库蓄水水位与渗漏量之间的非线性方程,并据此预测,当二库水位提高至905.7 m时的渗漏量为2.862 m3·s-1,而对兰村泉域岩溶水及山前西张水源地的补给量有限。 相似文献
15.
Gennaro A. Stefania Marco Rotiroti Letizia Fumagalli Fulvio Simonetto Pietro Capodaglio Chiara Zanotti Tullia Bonomi 《Hydrogeology Journal》2018,26(1):147-162
A groundwater flow model of the Alpine valley aquifer in the Aosta Plain (NW Italy) showed that well pumping can induce river streamflow depletions as a function of well location. Analysis of the water budget showed that ～80% of the water pumped during 2 years by a selected well in the downstream area comes from the baseflow of the main river discharge. Alluvial aquifers hosted in Alpine valleys fall within a particular hydrogeological context where groundwater/surface-water relationships change from upstream to downstream as well as seasonally. A transient groundwater model using MODFLOW2005 and the Streamflow-Routing (SFR2) Package is here presented, aimed at investigating water exchanges between the main regional river (Dora Baltea River, a left-hand tributary of the Po River), its tributaries and the underlying shallow aquifer, which is affected by seasonal oscillations. The three-dimensional distribution of the hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer was obtained by means of a specific coding system within the database TANGRAM. Both head and flux targets were used to perform the model calibration using PEST. Results showed that the fluctuations of the water table play an important role in groundwater/surface-water interconnections. In upstream areas, groundwater is recharged by water leaking through the riverbed and the well abstraction component of the water budget changes as a function of the hydraulic conditions of the aquifer. In downstream areas, groundwater is drained by the river and most of the water pumped by wells comes from the base flow component of the river discharge. 相似文献
16.
塔里木河干流河道水均衡模型研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过对河道水面蒸发量、渗漏量、漫溢量的分析,建立了以月为单位的塔里木河干流河道水均衡模型.该模型以阿拉尔来水量为输入,输出包括干流主要水文站点的水量、各河段的蒸发量、渗漏量、漫溢量等.利用1981—1995年逐月的水文资料进行了模型参数率定,以1996—2000年的水文资料进行了模型验证,结果表明模型具有较好的适应性.利用该模型分析塔里木河干流水资源转化消耗的规律,得出河道漫溢尤其是中游的漫溢是塔里木河干流主要的水量消耗.考虑堤防建设对模型进行了修正,并利用修正后的水均衡模型分析了堤防建设的影响. 相似文献
17.
基于数值模拟的汾河二库对晋祠泉岩溶水系统渗漏补给作用研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
汾河二库的下闸蓄水，改变了晋祠泉域汾河地表水对岩溶水的渗漏补给条件，对区域岩溶水流场变化有着长远的影响。本研究通过系统梳理库区水文地质条件，勾画地表水渗漏补给岩溶水范围，考虑地层岩性、蓄水高度等因素，确定二库不同蓄水水位下晋祠泉域获渗漏量占比；构建晋祠泉三维岩溶地下水流模型，研究二库渗漏对泉域岩溶地下水补给作用，并预测不同蓄水情景下晋祠泉口水位变化趋势。结果表明:晋祠泉域获渗漏量占比随二库蓄水位非线性变化，最低为92.8%，在二库蓄水位达902 m后稳定在93.7%，而渗漏量与二库蓄水高度呈正相关；泉域岩溶水径流区受渗漏补给作用最显著，其次为排泄区、北部补给区；渗漏补给作用下，地下水位回升值受二库水位和补水距离影响；维持设计水位（905.7 m）和2017年水位（895.9~902.4 m）时，预计晋祠泉口水位分别在2021年7月和2023年1月达到泉口高程。 相似文献
18.
黑河干流浅层地下水与地表水相互转化的水化学特征 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
通过分析黑河干流地表水与地下水的水化学特征,识别沿黑河干流不同地带地下水与地表水的相互转化关系.研究结果表明:(1)在祁连山区,地下水与地表水的转化以地下水向河流排泄为主.(2)南部盆地,在山前戈壁带,出山河水入渗转化为地下水;溢出带地下水以泉的形式转化为地表水;进入细土平原后,汛期河水补给地下水,非汛期地下水补给河水;在农灌区引河水通过田间入渗补给地下水.(3)北部盆地,在金塔灌区,地下水主要接受引水灌溉入渗补给;在金塔灌区到额济纳旗,河流入渗转化为地下水. 相似文献
19.
深埋隧道外水压力计算的解析-数值法 总被引：16，自引：5，他引：16
在高水头富水区，抗水压衬砌设计的关键在于外水压力的计算。深埋隧道排水时，沿轴线方向上流入隧道的水量来自于隧道掌子面的前方，当隧道施工足够长度后，可以认为已施工断面的地下水只从隧道两侧向断面内运动，此时可将三维问题处理为二维。对于深埋隧道，当其断面远小于水头时，可处理为一个点井；隧道全断面排水时，隧道断面线可处理为定流量边界。首先建立隧道排水的水文地质概念模型，采和经验解析法预测隧道的涌水量，然后将涌水量代入隧道围岩渗流的剖面二维模型，模拟隧道排水时围岩渗流场的分布，再采用作用系数的方法计算出隧道衬砌的外水压力。 相似文献
20.
水质分析在重庆笔架山隧道防腐设计中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
我国是拥有隧道数量最多及总长度最长的国家。同时也是隧道病害最严重的国家之一。由于隧道的主体是处于天然介质环境中的人工地下结构，在运营中会出现衬砌腐蚀等多种病害和危害。进行合理的防腐设计对隧道的安全、舒适、正常运营具重大意义。在南方富含腐蚀性介质地区，地下水容易沿衬砌的各种孔洞渗流到衬砌内侧，成为隧道渗漏水，对衬砌混凝土等产生侵蚀作用，造成衬砌腐蚀。故地下水对混凝土的侵蚀性是隧道防腐设计的重要组成部分。作者在掌握笔架山隧道工程地质、水文地质资料及查明环境水含腐蚀性介质的来源、成分基础上，利用隧道水简(化学)分析、地质调查、裂隙水统计等手段定性及定量评价环境地下水对衬砌混凝土腐蚀程度。认为基岩地下水不会对衬砌产生化学腐蚀。从而科学地修正了隧道的防腐设计。此结论及时反馈于施工，在后来的施工中取消了耐腐蚀混凝土及其它混凝土外加剂，节省了投资，加快了施工进度。 相似文献