共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 50 毫秒
1.
水资源价值是水资源可持续利用的基础,在传统的水利工程经济评价中,由于受“水资源是取之不尽用之不竭”的思想束缚,根本没有考虑水资源本身价值,导致水利工程经济评价结果失真或者可行性结论出现偏差.将水资源本身价值纳入水利工程经济评价范畴,探讨了水资源价值对水利工程经济评价的影响,结果表明,考虑水资源本身的价值,同不考虑资源本身价值相比,会对分析结果产生巨大影响,甚至可能与原有的结论相反 相似文献
2.
根据野外调查、区域地质、环境地质、水文工程地质等资料,对某中学建设项目地质灾害危险性进行现状评估、预测评估和综合性评估,并对评估区进行分区。对扩建场地适宜性进行评价,提出地质灾害防治措施,为该工程建设用地规划和开展地质灾害防治工作提供依据。 相似文献
3.
线性工程岩溶塌陷危险性评价研究 总被引：8，自引：7，他引：1
近年来,越来越多的高等级公路、铁路、石油管线等线性工程穿越岩溶发育区,岩溶塌陷已成为这些线性工程建设面临的主要隐患之一。目前,线性工程项目前期都会进行全线地质灾害危险性评价工作,但大部分是定性的,也没有专门针对岩溶塌陷的评价,因此本文从岩溶塌陷的影响因素出发,结合线性工程的各个阶段,从点、线、面三个层次提出线性工程岩溶塌陷危险性评价的方法和指标,并列举了实例,为今后穿越岩溶区的线性工程提供借鉴。面上和线上评价充分利用GIS技术和层次分析法进行。前者适合于地质资料不详细的可行性研究阶段,评价区为线路两侧1km的区域,评价因子有岩溶发育程度、地质构造发育程度、地貌类型、岩溶塌陷、地下河、垂直型岩溶形态、岩溶泉和开采井分布。后者适合于地质资料较详细的初步设计阶段,评价区为线路两侧15m的范围,以基岩岩性、线岩溶率、土层厚度、土层性质、地下水位和地下水位与基岩面的关系作为评价因子。点上评价适合于重点地段,采用岩溶塌陷动力条件与土层抗塌性能相结合的综合分析方法,以反映地下水动力特征的临界坡降、临界速度和临界水位这3个指标作为评价因子。 相似文献
4.
在国家高速公路G56杭州至瑞丽公路宣威-曲靖段前期选线研究中,以日本ALOS卫星遥感图像为主要信息源,对其进行遥感数据处理。依据遥感解译结果,结合野外调查验证资料,对宣威-曲靖段进行了工程地质区划分与评价,确定地质灾害较易发区：滑坡区、地表岩溶塌陷区、隐伏岩溶区、煤矿采空塌陷区;依据公路工程评价因素,将工程区划分为4个工程地质区、9个工程地质亚区。通过对线路走廊带及主要工点工程地质条件的评价,对工程设计推荐线与三段局部比较线（C、D、E）方案进行优选,最终确定了在推存线方案中可考虑采用C、E局部方案的理想线路。 相似文献
5.
数理统计和机器学习模型如支持向量机(support vector machine,SVM)等,在区域滑坡敏感性评价中得到广泛的应用.但这些模型的建模过程往往较复杂,如在对机器学习进行训练和测试时难以选取合理的非滑坡栅格单元,而且有较多的模型参数需要确定.为提高滑坡敏感性评价建模的效率和精度,提出基于灰色关联度的敏感性评价模型.灰色关联度模型能有效计算各比较样本与参考样本之间的定量的关联度,具有建模过程简洁和评价精度高的优点,该模型目前在区域滑坡敏感性评价中的应用还没有引起研究人员的足够关注且有待进一步拓展.拟将灰色关联度模型用于浙江省飞云江流域南田—雅梅图幅(南田地区)的滑坡敏感性评价,并将得到的评价结果与SVM模型的敏感性评价结果作对比分析.结果显示,灰色关联度模型在高和极高敏感区的滑坡预测精度优于SVM模型,而在中等敏感区的滑坡预测精度略低于SVM模型;整体而言,灰色关联度模型对整个南田地区滑坡敏感性分布的预测精度略高于SVM模型.对两个模型建模过程的对比结果显示,灰色关联度模型建模较简单,具有比SVM模型更高的建模效率,为滑坡敏感性评价提供了一种新思路. 相似文献
6.
中蒙边界地区成矿地质条件优越,是世界上重要的金属成矿省和全球3大斑岩型铜(金、钼)成矿带之一,资源潜力巨大。中蒙合作1∶100万地球化学填图采集了海量的地球化学数据,为研究该地区元素分散富集、成矿趋势、资源评价和环境变化提供基础数据,为“一带一路”资源布局提供决策依据。以X±3S为临界值一次性剔除离群值后的数据集的中位值作为背景值的估计值,计算了中蒙边界地区12个Ⅱ级构造单元和5个Ⅱ级成矿省的汇水域沉积物69种元素背景值,探讨了中蒙边界地区汇水域沉积物69种元素背景值的区域分布规律和特征。研究表明不同的地质背景导致元素的地球化学分布模式不同,不同构造单元具有显著差异的元素地球化学特征,元素的海量聚集为大型矿床的形成提供了充足的元素供给,形成特定的地球化学省。这些背景值为进一步深入开发利用中蒙边界地球化学填图数据提供了可供对比的基础数据。 相似文献
7.
Aspects of riverbed evolution including bank erosion in the Ural River basin have been considered in this paper. The natural morphodynamic types of riverbeds have been described. The spatial features of their genesis have been characterized within the Ural River basin. To study the riverbed processes, decoding of remote sensing data of the water surface has been used. The risks for the infrastructure facilities and for the residential districts have been analyzed in terms of the bank erosion in the Ural River basin. The issues concerning the border between the Russian Federation and the Republic of Kazakhstan due to riverbed reconfiguration of the Ural River have been outlined. Maps of the development of bank erosion in the Ural River basin have been created. A way to solve the problem of riverbed evolution along the border area has been proposed by organizing an Intergovernmental Specially Protected Natural Zone.
相似文献8.
9.
This paper describes how to carry out environmental impact assessment in an environmentally sensitive zone.The principles,the train of thought and methods are proposed in this paper,We have made the water environmental impact assessment on the engineering project of technical reforms in Guiyang Battery Mill.The hasis for engineering construction and environmental protection in this mill has been laid dawn. 相似文献
10.
全国重要矿产总量预测方法 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
全国重要矿产资源评价涉及25种重要矿产的近百种矿床类型,需要在1∶20万尺度水平圈定成矿预测远景区,并科学估算各远景区资源量,为国家矿产资源战略勘查和战略部署提供技术支撑。为了保证预测成果在同一层面上进行全国汇总,制定了全国一致的、标准的技术要求和方法。通过对中国以往一轮、二轮区划预测方法、全国矿产资源总量预测方法及国外最新预测方法的分析和总结,结合近年来预测理论的新发展,确定了全国重要矿产总量预测的理论基础是成矿系列理论、现代成矿动力学理论和综合信息矿产预测理论,采用的预测思路是矿床模型综合地质信息预测方法。文章陈述了总量预测的方法流程和预测技术要求,有关方法思路可供资源评价人员参考。 相似文献
11.
白龙江引水工程是我国拟建的一项重大战略工程,而代古寺水库是该工程的水源枢纽。代古寺水库及其周围地区(本文研究区)活动断层发育、大地震频发,故亟需开展可靠的地震危险性评估,为该研究区内的工程建设和运营保驾护航。由于传统评估方法物理依据不足,难以正确评估研究区的地震危险性,故本文采用了基于地震物理预测的地震危险性评估新方法。研究结果表明,该研究区位于海原地震区,未来100年内该研究区的地震危险性主要源于海原地震区的下一次MS8.5标志性地震。根据断层地震活动、发震潜力与展布特征,我们预判了该标志性地震的可能发震断层和震中位置;应用地震烈度衰减关系,考虑不同震中位置,分别计算了其产生的地震烈度。为确保“百年大计”的白龙江引水工程代古寺水库水资源枢纽安全,我们建议该研究区的抗震设防烈度不宜低于8度。 相似文献
12.
塔里木盆地地下水系统划分 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在分析塔里木盆水地质条件的基础上，利用地下水系统理论对其地下水进行了系统划分．塔里木盆地为封闭的内陆干旱盆地，属一级地下水系统，根据盆地的沉积环境条件、地表水流域特征，结合地下水补径排条件，进一步划分出二、三级地下水系统．地下水系统边界和地表水流域边界基本吻合，大流域划分为二级地下水系统，在大流域中，将相对独立的小流域结合地层沉积特点划分为三级地下水系统．盆地内共划分8个二级地下水系统，其中Ⅱ、Ⅳ、Ⅵ3个二级地下水系统可进…步划分出8个三级地下水系统．地下水系统边界有峡口状输入边界、输入(输出)边界、输出边界、扇问活动边界、地下水分水岭5种类型。 相似文献
13.
Jason Phillips 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2012,67(6):1587-1603
The theory and practice of sustainability involves the understanding and management of the coupled relationship between the environment and humans. This relationship is very evident in respect to mining where the impacts of operations, both positive and negative, are environmental and socioeconomic in nature. In recent years, evaluating the sustainability of a mining operation has grown within the literature due to the impacts that mining has upon a local community. However, the literature has been often characterised by a variety of case study-specific approaches to define and evaluate the sustainability of mining operations. This is due to the fundamental problem of defining what is sustainability. The paper applies, based on our previous research, a mathematical model of sustainability to the environmental impact assessment (EIA) of a proposed bauxite mining project in the Andhra Pradesh province, India. The model??s application to the impact assessment, which used the rapid impact assessment matrix, was undertaken for the purpose of determining the level and nature of sustainability (if appropriate) of the proposed project. The results indicated that the project was considered as unsustainable in its current form, based on an obtained E value of 0.249 and an H NI value of 0.500. The results suggested that the project would greatly benefit from an environmental management plan in order to mitigate the extensive negative environmental and social impacts of the project. The results also indicated the potential of the model in assisting in the resolution of questions of the sustainability of local projects, which are assessed through quantitative-based EIA. 相似文献
14.
A. P. Marchant V. J. Banks K. Royse S. P. Quigley G. P. Wealthall 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2011,64(2):483-495
Groundwater is the primary source of potable water in southeast England. Its protection in urban environments is of paramount
importance. Following a scoping study the British Geological Survey (BGS) established a project to develop an initial screening
tool (IST) to assist the planning community in the assessment of the potential risk to ground and surface waters from contaminants
mobilised as a consequence of redevelopment. The tool has been designed in the context of the source-pathway-receptor paradigm
that informs Part IIa of the UK Environmental Protection Act (1990). Building on the work of previous screening tools and
in particular ConSEPT, a BGS contaminated site evaluation and prioritisation tool, the IST incorporates significant refinements
to scoring methodologies and takes the prioritisation approach into the 3-D environment. Implemented as a customised GIS application
and utilising surfaces extracted from 3-D geological modelling, the tool collates and interrogates a range of geoscientific
information, including contaminant scale, geological, historic land use, groundwater level and hydrogeological domain data.
The IST facilitates the ranking of various proposed development scenarios through a semi-quantitative assessment of contamination
potential, via a number of pollutant linkages, providing planners with reports on the type, spatial distribution and hazards
associated with potential contaminant sources within their area. To achieve this, a range of evaluation factors applied to
the sources, pathways and receptors are scored through a combination of spatial and attribute queries, then assessed on the
basis of potential linkages. The initial research area selected for the application of the IST was the Olympic Park site,
London. 相似文献
15.
16.
缝洞型碳酸盐岩油气藏储量计算是目前国际研究的难点。中国近年来发现了这类规模巨大的油气藏,储量计算始终是一个难题而未能有效解决。通过对塔里木油田目前缝洞型碳酸盐岩油气藏储量评估方法的梳理,结合缝洞型碳酸盐岩油气藏认识及缝洞型油气藏识别技术的进展,认为缝洞型碳酸盐岩油气藏储量评估的发展趋势是强调缝洞单元雕刻（解决非均质性、合理的指导开发井部署）和储量参数的随机性。在了解缝洞型碳酸盐岩油气藏识别技术进展基础上,吸收国内外油气储量评估经验,提出了塔里木油田缝洞型碳酸盐岩油气藏概率法储量评估方法。评估思路是发挥缝洞雕刻油气面积置信度高的优势,充分利用孔隙度、饱和度样本点容量大的特点,合理建立其概率分布。缝洞雕刻和概率法的有机结合可以合理地评估缝洞型油气藏的储量。目前,缝洞型碳酸盐岩油气藏储量评估对象、裂缝处理方法、概率法储量计算高置信度确定性参数取值方法、概率法储量计算随机变量参数分布规律及合理性等方面的研究已取得一定的经验和进展。 相似文献
17.
Sid-Ali Ouadfeul Mohamed Hamoudi Leila Aliouane Said Eladj 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2013,6(6):1669-1680
In this paper, we have analyzed the geomagnetic anomaly field reduced to the pole by the 2D directional continuous wavelet transform (DCWT). The objective is to identify geological contacts. The proposed idea has been applied firstly at a synthetic model, the obtained results showed the robustness of the proposed technique, after that the synthetic data has been noised; analysis shows that contacts identified by DCWT are affected by noise. To resolve this problem, we have proposed an algorithm to reduce the noise effect in the contacts model. Application on the real geomagnetic data of In Ouzzal area located in the West of Hoggar (Algeria) shows clearly the robustness of the proposed method. Comparison with the analytic signal solutions exhibits a difference between the two models of contacts. Our method gives results that are accurate with the structural geological map. 相似文献
18.
F. Calitz 《Environmental Geology》2002,42(5):499-504
Recent engineering geological studies conducted in the vicinity of the important residential, legislative and industrial town of Lebowakgomo has revealed that the area may exhibit a potential for sinkholes and subsidence formation. A regional study is proposed to evaluate the risk of the formation of these features in an area underlain by dolomite and chert formation extending between the towns of Potgietersrus and the border between the Northern and Mpumalanga Provinces of the Republic of South Africa. Several mines, industries, agricultural development, residential settlements and a portion of an important highway are located in this area. This document serves to define the scope, necessary project actions and proposed end-products of the study, and highlights the envisaged advantages of the implementation of the results. A preliminary study has shown that karst-related surface instability features are indeed present at localised positions throughout the study area, with some of these features already impacting on human activities and the natural environment. The results of a preliminary field survey, which included the evaluation of a number of existing sinkholes and a visit to caves located in the Makapans Valley near Potgietersrus, are discussed in detail, and the way forward is sketched. 相似文献
19.
A decision support system (DSS) has been developed to assist expert and non-expert users in the evaluation and selection of
eco-engineering strategies for slope protection. This DSS combines a qualitative hazard assessment of erosion and mass movements
with a detailed catalogue of eco-engineering strategies for slope protection of which the suitability is evaluated in relation
to the data entered. The slope decision support system (SDSS) is a knowledge based DSS in which knowledge is stored in frames
containing rules that can evaluate the available information for a project, stored as project specific information (PSI) in
a data file. The advantages of such a system are that it accepts incomplete information and that the qualitative nature of
the information does not instil the user with a sense of unjustified exactitude. By its multidisciplinary and progressive
nature, the DSS will be of value during the initial stages of an eco-engineering project when data collection and the potential
of different eco-engineering strategies are considered. The accent of the output of the DSS is on the application of eco-engineering
strategies for slope protection as an environmentally-friendly solution aiding sustainable development. For its acceptance
within the engineering community, the DSS needs to prove its predictive capacity. Therefore, its performance has been benchmarked
against successful and unsuccessful cases of slope stabilisation using eco-engineering. The target audience and the areas
of application of this DSS are reviewed and the strategies for further development in this area suggested. 相似文献
20.
引入变动积雪覆盖高程(FSCE)描述积雪/裸地下垫面分界线在多年平均意义下的年内变化特征,通过参数无雪期中期Tm和无雪期持续时间ΔT对其进行量化,建立了藏东拉萨河流域、尼洋河流域和昌都地区的FSCE回归模型.统计分析表明,在25km×25km雪产品栅格分辨率下,研究区域内近80%的面积上,积雪的时空分布可以通过FSCE刻画:1)无雪期中期Tm的多年平均值为一年的7月31日,与地理地形因素相关性较弱;2)无雪期持续时间ΔT的多年平均值约为5个月(151d),与栅格平均高程显著负相关;3)一年的4月下旬积雪开始消融、6月下旬至9月中旬为无雪期,11月中旬至次年3月为积雪覆盖期.将来更高空间分辨率的雪产品数据,将有助于揭示小尺度上的FSCE精细特征. 相似文献