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1.
西秦岭造山带是我国最重要的金成矿带之一。以往研究大多认为造山型金矿床和(类)卡林型金矿床是西秦岭主要的金矿床类型,并且两类金矿床的金成矿作用主要与造山过程中的区域变质作用有关,而与岩浆活动不存在直接的成因联系。位于西秦岭造山带西段的夏河—合作地区大面积出露花岗岩类侵入体,其周缘发育有富金的夕卡岩型铜(钨)矿床。近年来该地区新发现的多个大型—超大型石英脉型金矿床和微细粒浸染型金矿床都与中酸性侵入岩的空间关系紧密,暗示这些金矿床可能和岩浆活动有成因联系。论文在作者研究结果以及总结前人成果基础上,综述了夏河—合作地区典型金(铜)矿床的地质矿化特征、地球化学特征、时空分布特征,以及中酸性侵入岩的岩性特征、形成时代和演化过程。年代学研究结果显示,夏河—合作地区的早子沟微细粒浸染型金矿床、德乌鲁夕卡岩型金(铜)矿床和老豆石英脉型金矿床均形成于250~240 Ma,与邻近的早中三叠世花岗闪长质石英闪长质侵入岩近于同时形成。拉布在卡等石英脉型金矿床略晚于区内中三叠世末期侵位的闪长玢岩脉(约230~225 Ma)形成。H、O、S、C、B、Pb等多种同位素地球化学特征指示该地区早中三叠世金矿床的成矿热液均为岩浆来源,并且显示低氧逸度的特征。早中三叠世中酸性侵入岩的还原性钛铁矿系列花岗岩类特征,以及同时代的多种金矿化类型和成矿分带性,表明夏河—合作地区在早中三叠世(约250~230 Ma)多期次侵位的钛铁矿系列I型中酸性岩浆是金成矿作用的成矿流体和成矿物质的主要来源,其中与250~240 Ma多期金成矿事件有关的准铝质弱过铝质、高钾钙碱性系列花岗岩类侵入岩均经历了幔源基性熔体和壳源酸性熔体的岩浆混合作用,而与约230 Ma的金成矿作用有关的闪长质岩浆岩则可能指示了更多幔源基性熔体的加入。与金(铜)成矿有关的早中三叠世还原性中酸性岩是在古特提斯洋俯冲过程中局部弧后伸展条件下交代富集地幔楔部分熔融形成的基性岩浆与壳源酸性岩浆混合作用的产物。夏河—合作地区形成于早中三叠世的夕卡岩型、电气石石英脉型、石英方解石脉型和微细粒浸染型金矿床共同构成了一个与还原性侵入岩有关的金成矿系统。夏河—合作地区与还原性侵入岩有关的金成矿系统的发现,丰富了西秦岭造山带区域成矿作用的类型,并为西秦岭西段其他早中三叠世岩浆岩分布区(如青海同仁地区)的金矿勘查工作提供了新的思想和方向。 相似文献
2.
The Liziyuan gold deposit, situated on the south side of the Shangdan suture zone, West Qinling Orogen, occurs in metamorphic volcanic rocks(greenschist facies) of the early Paleozoic Liziyuan Group and in Indosinian Tianzishan monzogranite. Orebodies in the Liziyuan gold field are controlled by the ductile-brittle shear zone, and by thrusting nappe faults related to the Indosinian orogeny. In detail, this paper analyzed the geological characteristics of the Liziyuan gold field, and the Pb isotopes of the Lziyuan host rocks, granitoids(Tianzishan monzogranite and Jiancaowan syenite porphyry), sulfides, and auriferous quartz veins by multiple-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(MC-ICPMS). In addition, previous data on the sulfur, hydrogen, and oxygen isotopes were employed to discuss the possible sources of the ore-forming fluids and materials, and to further understand the tectonic setting of the Liziyuan gold deposit. The sulfides and their host rocks(Lziyuan Group), Tianzishan monzogranite and Jiancaowan syenite porphyry, and auriferous quartz veins have similar Pb isotopic compositions.Zartman's plumbotectonic model diagram shows that most of the data for the deposit fall near the orogenic Pb evolutionary curve or within the area between the orogenic and mantle Pb evolutionary curves. In the△β-△γ diagram, which genetically classifies the lead isotopes, most of the data fall within the range of the subduction-zone lead mixed with upper crust and mantle. This indicates that a complex source of the ore lead formed in the orogenic environment. The δ~(34)S values of the sulfides range from 3.90 to 8.50‰(average6.80‰), with a pronounced mode at 5.00‰-8.00‰. These values are consistent with that of orogenic gold deposits worldwide, indicating that the sulfur sourced mainly from reduced metamorphic fluids. The isotopic hydrogen and oxygen compositions support a predominantly metamorphic origin of the oreforming fluids, with possible mixing of minor magmatic fluids, but the late stage was dominated by meteoric water. The characteristics of the Liziyuan gold deposit formed in the Indosinian orogenic environment of the Qinling Orogen are consistent with those of orogenic gold deposits found worldwide. 相似文献
3.
Predicting realistic targets in underexplored regions proves a challenge for mineral explorers. Knowledge-driven prospectivity techniques assist in target prediction, and can significantly reduce the geographic search space to a few locations. The mineral prospectivity of the underexplored west Kimberley region was investigated following interpretation of regional gravity and magnetic data. Emphasis was placed on identifying geological structures that may have importance for the mineral prospectivity of the region. Subsurface structure was constrained through combined gravity and magnetic modelling along three transects. Crustal-scale structures were interpreted and investigated to determine their depth extent. These interpretations and models were linked to tectonic events and mineralization episodes in order to map the distribution of minerally prospective regions using a knowledge-driven mineral systems approach. A suite of evidence layers was created to represent geological components that led to mineralization, and then applied to each mineral system where appropriate. This approach was taken to provide a more objective basis for prospectivity modelling. The mineral systems considered were 1) magmatic Ni-sulphide, 2) carbonate-hosted base metals, 3) orogenic Au, 4) stratiform-hosted base metals and 5) intrusion-related base metals (including Sn–W, Fe-oxide–Cu–Au and Cu–Au porphyry deposits). These analyses suggest that a geologically complex belt in the Kimberley Basin at the boundary to the King Leopold Orogen is prospective for magmatic-related hydrothermal mineral systems (including Ni, Au and Cu). The Lennard Shelf is prospective for carbonate-hosted base metals around a feature known as the 67-mile high, and parts of the King Leopold Orogen are prospective for stratiform-hosted base metals. These results show that knowledge-driven mineral system modelling is effective in identifying prospectivity in regional-scale studies of underexplored areas, as well as drastically reducing the search space for explorers working in the west Kimberley. 相似文献
4.
Systematic spatial analysis of mineral deposit point patterns can reveal significant spatial properties of mineral systems, with major implications for regional mineral prospectivity modelling. For valid results, a study area needs to be clearly defined, taking into account permissiveness of the geological units for a particular mineral system and effects of cover. Standard statistical tests assuming an isometric contiguous study area with regionally homogeneous distribution of deposits are likely to produce invalid results. Analysis of regional uniformity of spatial deposit density is required for adequate design and interpretation of tests for clustering. Spatial distribution of orogenic gold deposits in the Hodgkinson Province in Queensland and the Western Lachlan Orogen in Victoria (Australia) indicates the presence of significant regional linear metallogenic zones, probably controlled by deep crustal domain boundaries oblique and not related to any recognised major faults. Within the metallogenic zones in both regions, individual gold occurrences are strongly clustered into ore fields, but the distribution of ore fields is random. 相似文献
5.
Renguang ZUO 《Resource Geology》2011,61(3):296-303
An exploration targeting model for Gangdese porphyry copper deposit in Tibet, China, is constructed based on (i) the age of porphyry intrusions within Gangdese magmatic arc; (ii) the regional‐scale normal E–W, N–S and N–E striking faults; and (iii) comprehensive anomalously high concentrations of Cu‐Mo‐Au‐Ag‐Pb‐Zn. These targeting elements are derived from geological map and geochemical dataset, and are integrated by weights of evidence with the aid of geographic information system (GIS). The resulting prospectivity for porphyry copper deposits delineated by posterior probability demonstrates that the target areas extend along the Yaluzangbujiang River and contain the two large deposits, Qulong and Chongjiang, located in the eastern and central part of the Gangdese belt, respectively. These results indicate that the proposed exploration targeting model is a potential tool to map regional‐scale mineral prospectivity. The target areas with high values of favorability, especially where high concentrations of Cu‐Mo‐Au‐Ag‐Pb‐Zn are present, are the potential areas for finding undiscovered porphyry copper deposits. 相似文献
6.
GIS-based 3D prospectivity mapping: A case study of Jiama copper-polymetallic deposit in Tibet,China
This paper reports a deposit-scale GIS-based 3D mineral potential assessment of the Jiama copper-polymetallic deposit in Tibet, China. The assessment was achieved through a sequential implementation of metallogenic modelling and 3D modelling of geology, geochemistry and prospectivity. A metallogenic model for the Jiama deposit and 3D modelling workflow were used to construct multiple 3D layers of volumetric and triangular mesh models to represent geology, geochemistry and ore-controlling features in the study area. A GIS-based 3D weights-of-evidence analysis was then used to estimate the subsurface prospectivity for Cu (Mo) orebodies in the area, which led to the identification of three prospective deep-seated exploration targets. Additionally, the geochemical modelling indicates three potential fluid flow pathways based on the 3D zonation of major geochemical elements and their ratios, particularly the Zn/Pb ratios, which support the results of the weights of evidence model. 相似文献
7.
A prospectivity model for magmatic Ni–Cu deposits was created by integrating spatially referenced geophysical and geochemical datasets based on a simple and practical exploration model. The study area is the Central Lapland Greenstone Belt, Northern Fennoscandian Shield, Finland. Magmatic nickel deposits are related to rock types that are typically characterized by local magnetic and gravity anomalies. These deposit types can also be a source of nickel, copper and cobalt anomalies in the overlying glacial till cover. This straightforward exploration criterion was translated into a fuzzy logic prospectivity model. The model validation is an essential step in justifying the validity of the prospectivity model. This was accomplished by using receiver operating characteristics (ROC) technique. We used the known Ni–Cu occurrences and deposits as true positive cases and other deposit type locations or random points as true negative cases in the validation process. It appears that the ROC technique provides a robust model validation and optimization technique, providing that suitable validation data exists. 相似文献
8.
Buffer zones in bo\th two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) spaces are commonly used in prospectivity mapping. The method completes a modelling that starts with a real example and progresses to the development of a virtual model. This includes the consideration of lithological or structural contacts at depth, which is a theoretical concept based on extrapolation of data collected in the field, rather than an empirical observation of the feature based on physical samples. This contribution documents an improved buffer analysis method for the study of 3D-space that is implicit (rapid), precise (smooth) and based on triangulated characteristics, which can be used to construct influence domains of geological models. As traditional 2D GIS-based mineral potential mapping is gradually becoming limited with time, mineral potential mapping in three dimensions (3D) is increasingly becoming an important tool in finding concealed economic mineralization. This contribution documents an improved methodology of buffer analysis for prospectivity mapping processing mineralized favourable models rather than describing an advance in the geometry of surface rendering of “geological complexity”. Measures used in this buffer analysis include the: (1) voxelization of geological objects (i.e. assigning numerical values of features on a regular cube in 3D-space); (2) revision of the 3D Euclidean distance transform and the calculation of signed distance field; (3) extracting surfaces from the field; and (4) construction of a buffer-surface based on a “discrete smooth interpolation” (DSI) algorithm. Furthermore, this contribution constructs 3D models using a buffer analysis algorithm and prospectivity mapping introduced here, which is based on real data from the Jiama Cu-polymetallic deposit in Tibet and Daye Fe deposit in the Hubei Province, China. This contribution also presents a comparison between voxel and irregular triangle models, which illustrate that irregular triangle mesh buffer analysis (ITB) can improve modelling techniques for GIS-based 3D mineral potential mapping. The outcome is an increase in the accuracy of prospectivity mapping. 相似文献
9.
10.
西天山位于中亚增生型造山带的西南缘,夹于准噶尔地块和塔里木克拉通之间.西天山造山带的构造演化与天山洋的俯冲?关闭过程密切相关.西天山地质构造复杂,成矿作用独特,既可形成与活动陆缘有关的斑岩铜金矿和火山?沉积岩型铁锰矿,也可发育与伸展构造有关的海底热水沉积型铅锌矿和浅成低温热液型金矿等多个集中区.西天山地质构造演化和成矿作用一直是地质学家关注和研究的热点,近年来的地质找矿和基础研究工作也取得一系列重大进展,但同时也存在一些急待解决的问题.本文通过对区域地质背景、沉积建造、岩浆演化、成矿地质特征与物质来源、控矿因素等方面资料的综合研究,认为西天山造山带从前寒武纪到晚古生代经历了古陆边缘裂解、洋?陆俯冲增生、陆?陆碰撞及后造山伸展等地质过程;与此相应形成了多个成矿区带,主要包括:（1）哈尔达坂前寒武纪古陆边缘裂陷盆地环境的铅锌成矿带,（2）与博罗科努古生代洋?陆俯冲、碰撞?碰撞后伸展环境有关的金铜铅锌多金属成矿带,（3）与阿吾拉勒晚古生代岛弧?弧后盆地有关的铁多金属成矿带,（4）那拉提古生代岛弧金铜多金属成矿带.在此基础上建立了西天山主要成矿区带的成矿模式,厘定了与西天山沉积建造?构造活动?岩浆活动有关的成矿序列,总结了西天山铁铜铅锌金等优势矿产时空结构模型. 相似文献
11.
A Mamdani-type fuzzy inference system for prospectivity modeling of mineral systems is described. The system is a type of knowledge-driven symbolic artificial intelligence that is transparent, intuitive and is easy to construct by geologists because they are built in natural language and use linguistic values. No examples are used for training the system and expert-opinions are incorporated indirectly in terms of objective mathematical functions, which reduce the possibility of over-emphasizing the known deposits usually used as training data. The cognitive reasoning of the exploration geologist is captured in explicit if–then type of statements written in natural language using linguistic values. Conditional dependencies in the exploration data sets are managed through the use of fuzzy operators. A case study for surficial uranium prospectivity modeling in the Yeelirrie area, Western Australia, is used to demonstrate the approach. In the output prospectivity map, the SE-NW trending Yeelirrie and E-W trending Hinkler's Well palaeochannels show high prospectivity, while other channels show very low prospectivity ranges. The known surficial uranium deposits fall in high prospectivity areas, although minor showings and anomalies in the southern part of the study area fall in low prospectivity areas. A comparison of the prospectivity model with the radiometric image shows that several channels showing high surface uranium concentrations in the NW and NE quadrants may not be prospective. 相似文献
12.
西秦岭李坝金矿床地质、同位素地球化学及其成因探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
李坝金矿床位于西秦岭造山带中的礼-岷矿集区内,赋矿围岩为泥盆系浅变质细碎屑岩,矿床产于中川岩体的外侧热接触变质带内,矿体主要受断裂破碎带控制。本文在李坝金矿床地质特征研究的基础上,对赋矿围岩、花岗斑岩岩脉、矿石硫化物进行了LA-MC-ICPMS原位微区硫同位素测试及化学溶样法分析,对不同地质体的铅同位素进行了系统测定与示踪,测定了成矿流体的氢-氧同位素组成,并对与矿体相伴产出花岗斑岩脉进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年。研究表明,李坝金矿床花岗斑岩脉中黄铁矿δ34S值范围为8.19‰~10.06‰,赋矿围岩中金属硫化物δ34S值范围为4.94‰~9.81‰,矿石硫化物的δ34S值范围为4.94‰~10.82‰,矿石硫化物的硫同位素组成与矿区花岗斑岩及赋矿围岩的硫同位素组成相似,暗示成矿流体中的硫源主要来自受改造或变质的地层岩石与岩浆热液硫的混合。不同地质体的铅同位素组成变化范围较小,在Zartman铅构造模式图解中,样品投影点均落于造山带与上地壳演化线附近,矿石铅投影点与赋矿围岩及矿区岩脉的投影点重合,表明矿石中的铅可能来源于赋矿围岩和岩浆作用的混合。氢-氧同位素研究表明,成矿流体可能为变质流体、岩浆流体及地层建造水的混合热流体。矿区花岗斑岩脉与矿体相伴产出,花岗斑岩的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为223 Ma,与金矿化时间一致,暗示成矿作用与岩浆活动同时发生。李坝金矿床与矿区岩浆岩同为造山作用的产物,并且其矿床地质特征、同位素地球化学特征与造山型金矿床相似,为形成于秦岭造山带由碰撞向伸展转变环境下成矿物质来源复杂的造山型金矿床。 相似文献
13.
西藏铁格隆南铜(金)矿床三维模型分析与深部预测 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
铁格隆南铜(金)矿床是近年来在班公湖-怒江成矿带西段多龙矿集区新发现的超大型Cu(Au-Ag)矿床。本文针对铁格隆南矿区深部找矿问题,以现代成矿地质理论和多元地学信息综合分析技术为支撑,以构建矿床找矿模型为指导,依托数据库技术、3S技术、三维建模与可视化技术及地质统计学理论与方法,开展基于矿产地质、地球物理、地球化学等成矿条件及找矿标志的三维地质实体建模与矿化异常三维空间重构,将铁格隆南矿床的预测评价研究拓展到三维空间,揭示了区内成矿地质特征、地球化学及地球物理异常表征,据此探讨了矿床的成因及矿体分布特征。并在此基础上,开展了矿区的地质-地球化学-地球物理综合信息分析与预测评价,以期减少单一信息多解性和成矿条件不确定性,为铁格隆南矿区深部找矿工作提供参考。研究结果表明:在地质找矿模型指导下,基于深部成矿空间三维结构重构基础上的三维地质、地球物理、地球化学异常信息提取与综合分析,可以有效的识别成矿地质体和矿致异常信息,实现深部矿产资源靶区空间定位预测,为深部找矿预测研究提供了新思路。综合分析结果显示铁格隆南矿床深部找矿潜力巨大。 相似文献
14.
黑刺沟金矿床以富As和Sb的微细浸染蚀变岩型金矿化和部分石英脉型锑－金矿化为特征,典型矿物组合为黄铁矿-毒砂(辉锑矿)-石英;贾公台金矿床以少硫化物石英脉型金矿化和蚀变岩型金矿化为特征,As和Sb的质量分数不高,典型矿物组合为黄铁矿-自然金(方铅矿)-石英-钾长石;鸡叫沟金矿床以蚀变岩型金矿化为主,次之为石英脉型金矿化,典型矿物组合为黄铁矿-黄铜矿-石英.3个金矿床的成因均与岩浆岩有密切联系,但各矿区的岩浆岩在岩石学、岩石化学、微量元素及稀土元素特征具有差异,表明其成因不尽相同.这可能是造成3个金矿床地质特征差异的主要原因. 相似文献
15.
A Sugeno-type fuzzy inference system is implemented in the framework of an adaptive neural network to map Cu–Au prospectivity of the Urumieh–Dokhtar magmatic arc (UDMA) in central Iran. We use the hybrid “Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System” (ANFIS; Jang, 1993) algorithm to optimize the fuzzy membership values of input predictor maps and the parameters of the output consequent functions using the spatial distribution of known mineral deposits. Generic genetic models of porphyry copper–gold and iron oxide copper–gold (IOCG) deposits are used in conjunction with deposit models of the Dalli porphyry copper–gold deposit, Aftabru IOCG prospect and other less important Cu–Au deposits within the study area to identify recognition criteria for exploration targeting of Cu–Au deposits. The recognition criteria are represented in the form of GIS predictor layers (spatial proxies) by processing available exploration data sets, which include geology, stream sediment geochemistry, airborne magnetics and multi-spectral remote sensing data. An ANFIS is trained using 30% of the 61 known Cu–Au deposits, prospects and occurrences in the area. In a parallel analysis, an exclusively expert-knowledge-driven fuzzy model was implemented using the same input predictor maps. Although the neuro-fuzzy analysis maps the high potential areas slightly better than the fuzzy model, the well-known mineralized areas and several unknown potential areas are mapped by both models. In the fuzzy analysis, the moderate and high favorable areas cover about 16% of the study area, which predict 77% of the known copper–gold occurrences. By comparison, in the neuro-fuzzy approach the moderate and high favorable areas cover about 17% of the study area, which predict 82% of the copper–gold occurrences. 相似文献
16.
This paper presents a review of the available information on the significant porphyry, epithermal, and orogenic gold districts in Argentina, including the tectonic, geological, and structural settings of large deposits or deposits that have been exploited in the past. Based on this review of the geology and mineralization, targeting models are developed for epithermal and orogenic gold systems, in order to produce GIS-based prospectivity models. Using publically available digital geoscience data, weights of evidence and fuzzy logic prospectivity maps were generated for epithermal and orogenic gold mineralization in Argentina. The results of the prospectivity mapping highlight existing gold deposits within known mineralized districts throughout Argentina, as well as other highly prospective areas with no known deposits within these districts. Additionally, areas within Argentina that have no known gold mineralization (based on publically available information) were highlighted as being highly prospective based on the models used. 相似文献
17.
320铀矿床隐爆成矿特征及其找矿意义 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
３２０铀矿床控矿地质体是一种由岩浆气液隐爆作用所形成的硅质角砾岩体，矿床严格受其控制，属隐爆角砾岩型铀（钼）矿床。同位素组成、稀土元素配分及微量元素等地球化学研究数据表明，成岩成矿物质（除围岩破碎产物外）来源于混合源型岩浆房顶部的＂挥－硅岩岩浆体系＂，成岩成矿作用大体同步。湖南地区以及全国不少地区都存在有与此类似的硅质角砾岩体，因而具十分重要的找矿意义。 相似文献
18.
海沟金矿床具有多源、多期、多阶段成矿特点,成矿主要与燕山早期花岗闪长岩及闪长玢岩有关.成矿物质主要来自中元古界色洛河群,也有部分来自岩浆岩.成矿水为岩浆水和大气降水的混合.成矿热源为燕山期花岗闪长岩.成因类型应属混合岩化热液型铀金大型矿床. 相似文献
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羊拉铜矿是金沙江成矿带内规模最大的铜矿床。文章在大量分析研究前人在该区已有工作成果的基础上,综合分析羊拉铜矿区及其南部地区已有地表工程及深部工程成果,从地层、构造、岩浆岩、地球物理、地球化学特征及遥感影像特征等方面对羊拉铜矿及其南部通吉格-虽丁-加仁地区铜矿床(点)成矿地质特征进行对比研究,认为羊拉铜矿体往南进行了延伸。同时通过对羊拉铜矿以南地区铜矿床(点)成矿条件、控矿因素和矿化分布特征等进行总结,初步建立了羊拉铜矿以南地区铜矿体成矿模式,并依据成矿模式和地质条件进行了找矿预测,提出了格日-通吉格找矿靶区及虽丁-加仁找矿靶区。 相似文献