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1.
《Ore Geology Reviews》1999,14(3-4):157-183
Remote sensing is the science of acquiring, processing, and interpreting images and related data, acquired from aircraft and satellites, that record the interaction between matter and electromagnetic energy. Remote sensing images are used for mineral exploration in two applications: (1) map geology and the faults and fractures that localize ore deposits; (2) recognize hydrothermally altered rocks by their spectral signatures. Landsat thematic mapper (TM) satellite images are widely used to interpret both structure and hydrothermal alteration. Digitally processed TM ratio images can identify two assemblages of hydrothermal alteration minerals; iron minerals, and clays plus alunite. In northern Chile, TM ratio images defined the prospects that are now major copper deposits at Collahuasi and Ujina. Hyperspectral imaging systems can identify individual species of iron and clay minerals, which can provide details of hydrothermal zoning. Silicification, which is an important indicator of hydrothermal alteration, is not recognizable on TM and hyperspectral images. Quartz has no diagnostic spectral features in the visible and reflected IR wavelengths recorded by these systems. Variations in silica content are recognizable in multispectral thermal IR images, which is a promising topic for research. 相似文献
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The Cabo de Gata Níjar Natural Park in Spain presents certain unique characteristics which make it of great geological, ecological
and environmental interest. As a prior step to the environmental study of the park and the impact produced by the mining activities
carried out up until ten years ago, the mining and waste-tip areas were defined and a lithological discrimination carried
out. For this purpose, various remote-sensing techniques were employed to create high-resolution image documents on which
the geological and environmental mapping of the area would be based, with special attention being paid to the areas of former
mining activity because of its implications for the local environment. The merging of remote-sensing images with different
spatial/spectral resolutions has become a highly useful tool, due to their increasing availability. Such is the case of the
SPOT panchromatic and Landsat Thematic Mapper multispectral images, which are two of the most commonly used images in geological
and environmental studies based on remote sensing. Of the numerous techniques described for merging remote sensing image data,
this paper analyses those based on Intensity-Hue-Saturation, Principal Component Analysis, Spherical Coordinates, High-Pass
Filters and Colour Normalized transform, using SPOT panchromatic and Landsat TM data. The research goals were (1) to analyse
and compare some of the most commonly used methods; (2) to select the most appropriate method for a detailed geological-environmental
study, and (3) to apply the methodology to the Cabo de Gata-Níjar area, the site of one of the most distinctive natural parks
in the country.
Received: 29 November 1996 · Accepted: 29 July 1997 相似文献
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航空高光谱遥感数据具有“空谱合一”的优势,深入挖掘并应用高光谱数据中蕴含的蚀变矿物地质信息具有重要意义。本文应用航空高光谱CASI-SASI数据,建立了基于“整体谱形-特征参量协同”的蚀变矿物信息提取流程,并在甘肃省敦煌市小金窝子地区开展了蚀变矿物信息提取、地质涵义分析和野外查证。基于高光谱CASI-SASI数据成功提取了褐铁矿、绿泥石、绿帘石、短波云母、中短波云母、中长波云母、长波云母共7种蚀变矿物。高光谱CASI-SASI数据提取的大面积区域性分布的蚀变矿物多为区域热液作用产物,小范围定向分布的蚀变矿物与断裂、岩脉等成矿热液活动关系密切,局部产出且具定向性的中短波云母与断裂构造及酸性脉体关系密切,基于野外地质调查和ASD光谱实测的蚀变矿物野外查证工作证实蚀变矿物提取结果可信。褐铁矿+中短波云母的蚀变矿物组合具有金矿化指示意义,为基础地质调查和矿产资源勘查提供了重要的遥感信息。 相似文献
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Uday Kumar Ghosh K. K. Naik M. P. Kesari 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2016,88(4):464-470
The extraction of spectral signature through remote sensing data in geological studies is very limited in Indian terrain. The present research is an attempt to delineate alteration and associated minerals using high resolution multispectral advanced space borne thermal emission and reflection (ASTER) data in Sakoli volcano-sedimentary sequence. The alteration zones are generally associated with certain types of mineral and mineral aggregates and are localized in the ground that can be mapped remotely using spectral mapping techniques. The band ratio and selective PCT were applied on calibrated ASTER image to extract spectral signature of index mineral. The results showed that high abundance of these minerals within pixels is corresponding to the alteration zones. The field observation, petrography and XRD analysis of the alteration zones confirmed the presence of dominant mineral phases that were identified remotely. 相似文献
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能源勘查、岩石矿物识别、矿物丰度制图以及成矿远景区圈定是高光谱技术发展和应用的主要方向。CASI/SASI航空高光谱数据可以在同一平台下同时获取覆盖可见光-近红外-短波红外光谱段的光谱信息, 且光谱分辨率和空间分辨率远远优于多光谱及星载高光谱数据, 所以在矿物蚀变信息提取中具有广泛的应用前景。以柳园研究区为研究对象, 对CASI/SASI航空高光谱遥感矿物过程中的关键技术进行了实验研究, 确定出航空高光谱矿物蚀变信息提取流程, 并对研究区蚀变矿物进行识别、填图。通过与研究区地质资料和前人实地勘探资料对比得出, 研究区CASI/SASI航空高光谱遥感蚀变异常结果与现实状况相当吻合。 相似文献
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Mohamed G Abdelsalam Robert J Stern Woldegabriel G Berhane 《Journal of African Earth Sciences》2000,30(4):2037
Massive sulphide deposits in the Neoproterozoic Arabian-Nubian Shield are exposed at the surface as Fe-rich crusts termed gossans. Gossans are typically a few tens of metres across but are surrounded by wider clay- and Fe-rich alteration zones. Although Fe-rich gossans have characteristic reflectance spectra and surface roughness, they are often too small to be directly detected by Landsat TM or SIR-C images, both of which have about 30 m spatial resolution. In this paper, a procedure is described whereby gossans and the surrounding alteration zones can be identified and mapped by Landsat TM and SIR-C data using the Beddaho Alteration Zone and the Tebih Gossan in northern Eritrea as an example. Clay and Fe alteration index maps were generated by density slicing for Landsat TM band-ratios
and
, respectively. Landsat 5/7-4/5-3/1 TM images characteristically depict small (tens of pixels) gossans in blue and the more extensive alteration zones in pinkish purple. Chh-LhhLhh/Chh SIR-C images succeeded in identifying the gossan due to enhanced back-scattering of the radar shorter wavelength (6 cm) C-band by the rough gossan surfaces. This enhanced back-scattering might also be partially due to the characteristic dielectric property of the Fe-rich minerals forming the gossans. Choosing known gossans from both 5/7-4/5-3/1 Landsat TM and Chh-Lhh-Lhh/Chh SIR-C images as training sites for supervised classification helped to outline areas with reflectance spectra and radar back-scattering properties similar to those of the training sites. These results show significant correlation between supervised classifications based on the two data sets, suggesting a way to use combined visible and near infrared (VNIR) and radar imagery to explore for mineral deposits in arid regions. 相似文献
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It is well known that L andsat TM im ages and remote-sensing data sets are widely used in the geological fields.There are7different bands of wavelength,of which the sixthone has a much lower ground resolution compared with thoseof the other six bands.Nevertheless,the L andsat TM imagesare of important significance of the rock spectrum reflectionand geothermal exploration.The raising of the ground resolu-tion of TM band6 to those of the other bands is not only in-teresting but also valuable.… 相似文献
8.
《China Geology》2022,5(4):614-625
Landsat 8 Oli, ASTER, and Sentinel 2A satellite images processing was used to map geological formations, lineaments and hydrothermal alteration minerals in the Aouli inlier, as a case study to illustrate the application of digital images processing and Geographic Information System (GIS) in geological mapping and mining prospecting. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) applied to the Landsat images allowed good lithological discrimination and contributed to the updating of available geological maps. The Automatic lineament extraction from Sentinel images revealed the main tectonic structures affecting Aouli inlier. The ratio bands (b5+b7)/b6 and the false color composite (b4/b6, b2/b1, b3/b2) allowed the hydrothermal alteration minerals mapping from Aster images. Combined with available geological data and field observations, the satellite derived data were integrated and analyzed in a GIS software to establish mining prospecting guides. The results showed that the anomaly zones are intimately linked to NNE –SSW and NW –SE oriented faults and to highly fractured areas developing argillic and Fe rich alterations. Verified via field survey, this approach was successfully applied to the Aouli inlier to rapidly target potential areas to be explored in the tactical phase. This provides a model for future prospecting efforts for similar mineral deposits in other areas.©2022 China Geology Editorial Office. 相似文献
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卫星图像处理技术在蒙阴地区金刚石找矿预测中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
文章针对研究区内金伯利岩的特征,运用OIF系数确定最佳季相波段,用最小二乘法设计的大气散射校正、比值—分段线性扩展等处理程序,使处理后图像增大了对比度,展宽了与金伯利岩有关的地质体的光谱范围,提取出了与金伯利岩有关地质体的波谱信息。经处理后图像及不同比例尺的遥感图像对应分析,圈定了区内优选靶区,其中在两县色形图像异常内发现的碳酸角砾岩脉,经野外工作和室内重砂、岩石化学、REE、碳氧同位素分析表明,可能是后期碳酸岩化的角砾金伯利岩脉。两县色形异常是寻找金刚石原生矿床的有利靶区。 相似文献
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高光谱遥感技术是近年来兴起并逐渐成熟的蚀变矿物研究方法。盘龙沟金矿床围岩蚀变发育,主要蚀变类型包括硅化、绿泥石化、绢云母化、碳酸盐化、钠长石化、褐铁矿化等,蚀变与金矿化关系密切。文章通过航空高光谱遥感数据和地面光谱数据,提取和诊断盘龙沟金矿床的不同地段、不同地质体的蚀变矿物信息,研究分析金矿区的航空和地面高光谱蚀变矿物、蚀变矿物组合特征,以及矿区围岩蚀变特征,总结航空和地面光谱蚀变矿物分带找矿标志规律,结合金矿床地质矿产特征,系统剖析金矿床的综合找矿标志特征,构建盘龙沟金矿床高光谱蚀变矿物找矿标志;同时依据绢云母、绿泥石的诊断光谱,研究两种蚀变矿物的光谱变化特征,分析了金矿床围岩蚀变的形成条件和蚀变矿物的温压条件,进而初步推测盘龙沟金矿床为中低温热液型金矿,其矿体与围岩形成的环境条件不同。 相似文献
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Lineament extraction from multi-resolution satellite imagery: a pilot study on Wadi Bani Malik, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Mohammed H. T. Qari 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2011,4(7-8):1363-1371
The study of structural lineaments is important for mineral exploration, geotectonic and geotechnical studies, and for the mitigation of geologic hazards. The present work deals with the extraction of lineaments from satellite imageries of different spatial resolutions as well as the analysis of these extracted lineaments. Wadi Bani Malik area located to the east of Jeddah city on the Red Sea coastal plain is chosen for such a study. Six types of digital satellite imagery data were used in the present study. These comprise satellite imagery of low spatial resolution (LSR) including Landsat MSS of 80-m resolution, Landsat TM of 30-m resolution, and Landsat TM of 25-m resolution; satellite imagery of moderate spatial resolution (MSR) including Landsat ETM+ panchromatic of 15-m resolution and SPOT panchromatic of 10-m resolution; and satellite imagery of high spatial resolution (HSR) including the Indian Remote Sensing satellite IRS data of 5-m resolution. As expected, the analysis of the extracted lineaments from different data sets shows that the imagery data of HSR of the Indian IRS data give the highest frequency of the extracted structural lineaments (N?=?3,235), while the imagery data of LSR of the Landsat MSS data give the lowest frequency of the extracted lineaments (N?=?89). The imagery data of MSR give moderate frequency (N?=?1,643) in average. Due to the present study, it is recommended to use the imagery data of HSR and MSR for the extraction of structural lineaments for detailed and regional studies, respectively. The imagery data of LSR are not recommended for such studies due to the fact that most of the real structural lineaments framework cannot be extracted; accordingly, it is not useful in the analyses of lineaments for geological purposes. 相似文献
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为深入研究和探讨高分五号(GF-5)航天高光谱遥感技术在铀矿地质找矿中的应用效果和潜力,基于龙首山成矿带航天高光谱数据,开展高光谱数据处理和蚀变信息提取工作,创新实现了GF-5高光谱波段修复,通过构建标准光谱库和诊断光谱,运用MNF算法、PPI算法,结合SAM光谱角填图技术,完成蚀变矿物端元提取和光谱匹配,实现研究区钠长石、方解石、石英、绿泥石、赤铁矿和高岭土蚀变矿物的提取,综合区域铀矿成矿地质背景,通过开展地面波谱测量和野外调查,在验证蚀变准确度的基础上,剖析航天高光谱蚀变信息和成矿规律,构建了区域找矿定位模型,圈定找矿预测区3处,取得了较好的找矿效果,为国产GF-5高光谱遥感在地质找矿中的应用提供了参考。 相似文献
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基于地物光谱特征的成像光谱遥感矿物识别方法 总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16
成像光谱技术是遥感技术发展的前沿技术之一 ,它是在可见光、近红外及短波红外上 ,集图像、光谱于一体的具有高光谱分辨率的纳米遥感技术。文中从岩矿光谱特性的研究入手 ,通过光谱特征识别准则 ,利用机载的可见光、近红外及短波红外成像光谱 (HyMap)数据 ,开展成像光谱遥感矿物识别的试验研究。试验识别的矿物有绿泥石、绿帘石、橄榄石、绢云母、滑石、石膏及黑云母等。试验结果表明 ,通过矿物光谱特征分析与其识别原则进行成像光谱遥感矿物识别获得了很好的效果。因此 ,基于地物光谱特征进行成像光谱矿物直接识别确实可行 ,有利于矿产资源评价中成矿物源和矿化蚀变信息分析。 相似文献
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利用遥感技术可以经济、有效地获取地质找矿信息。基于多光谱遥感数据的蚀变信息提取已在地质填图和找矿工作中广泛应用,近几年,中国高分五号（GF-5）高光谱数据以其较高的光谱分辨率为地表蚀变矿物的精细化识别提供了基础数据。文章结合Landsat-8 OLI多光谱和GF-5高光谱数据,对内蒙古苏莫查干敖包萤石矿及周边开展蚀变信息提取,分析有利成矿区域,并进行野外验证,进一步发掘外围矿产资源潜力并探究遥感地质勘查的可信度。笔者基于Landsat-8多光谱数据,利用主成分分析方法提取了铁染、羟基类蚀变,并对其异常等级进行了划分;基于GF-5高光谱数据运用最小噪声分离（MNF）算法、纯净像元指数（PPI）算法、混合调制匹配滤波（MTMF）填图方法,在研究区内提取出白云母、绿泥石、高岭石、磁赤铁矿和褐铁矿5种矿物。将两者蚀变信息提取结果叠加,笔者发现苏莫查干敖包萤石矿区及外围存在热液蚀变特征,具备金属成矿潜力,野外验证发现研究区除萤石外,还伴生有铅锌多金属矿。因此,笔者认为多光谱和高光谱遥感数据结合的蚀变信息提取在地质矿产资源勘查领域具有一定应用潜力。 相似文献
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由于境外铁矿床位置偏远, 现场研究困难, 旨在探讨苏必利尔湖型铁矿的高光谱遥感蚀变信息提取方法, 为境外找矿提供依据.鉴于传统蚀变信息提取方法的局限性, 研究了在二维光谱特征空间中提取蚀变信息的方法.高光谱影像经主成分变换后, 包含较多地物信息的两个主成分的二维光谱特征空间体现了各向异性的特点, 不同地物的聚类常呈类似椭圆分布.在蚀变信息的聚类椭圆中圈定散点, 并应用波谱特征拟合, 将异常散点的平均光谱与美国地质调查局(United States Geological Survey, USGS)光谱库中的矿物光谱匹配, 确定蚀变矿物类型.以苏必利尔湖型铁矿——巴西Aguas Claras铁矿区为例, 提取了赤铁矿、绿泥石等蚀变矿物, 结果表明矿物的类型和分布与该区地质概况吻合. 相似文献