共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 796 毫秒
1.
The key water-management and environmental problems of the Lower Volga are considered. The items discussed include the characteristics of intake and utilization of water resources and wastewater discharges in Lower Volga Region from 1990 to 2013. The current state of the key participants of water management complex is analyzed. The quality of Lower Volga water and ecosystems is shown, and the problems of maintaining the biodiversity are discussed. The key regional programs pertaining to the rational use and protection of water resources, as well as the development of water-management complex are considered. 相似文献
2.
Data on water withdrawal and use in different economic branches in the Volga basin in 1970–2000 are analyzed. Time variations in the removed volumes of waste, mine, and drainage waters, as well as in their chemistry, are considered. Characteristics of water use in 2010 are forecasted based on predictions of the socioeconomic development of Russia and extrapolation of the tendencies established in the dynamics of the analyzed indices. 相似文献
3.
The structure of a hydrodynamic model of the Lower Volga, which has been developed for solving water management problems, and some results of computer simulation of variations of water level at the reach from the Volgograd HPP to the Caspian Sea are considered. The conditions under which the one-dimensional hydrodynamic model, developed in Delft Hydraulic Laboratory of Technical University based on Saint-Venant equations, can be successfully applied in the Lower Volga are determined. 相似文献
4.
The Lower Volga is a Russian region, which has a unique natural resources and a territory which is the area of collision of the interests of different economic branches that use water resources. The economic development of the region requires effective water resources management in harmony with natural conditions and the operation of the Volga-Kama reservoir system. A reliable management tool is a computer decision support system for the Lower Volga. The problems to be solved with this system answer the current water problems of the region. Data on the programs under implementation and to be developed are given; water apportioning model is given; and the way of coordinated choice of management regime of the Volga-Kama reservoir system and water resources use in the Lower Volga is demonstrated. 相似文献
5.
With the help of a stationary balance model, the mean annual amounts of P retained in the chain of the Volga water reservoirs are sequentially calculated. It is found that with the current anthropogenic load, the Volga River regulation leads to a twofold decrease in the P runoff into the Caspian Sea. 相似文献
6.
The article presents a new information technology for the analysis of problems and the support of decision making regarding the availability of water resources for the users of the water management complex of the Lower Volga and the entire Volga–Kama chain of HPPs. A procedure is proposed to search for compromise decisions in water resources management in the interests of various water users (hydropower engineering, transport, ecology, agriculture, fishery, etc.). Modern methods of multicriteria analysis and the theory of compromises a used. The issues considered in the study include the determination of the potentially possible levels of meeting the requirements of the water users mentioned above and the effect produced on these levels by possible changes in the Management Rules of the Volga–Kama Chain of Reservoirs. 相似文献
7.
Data of long-term microbiological studies of bottom deposits in the Upper Volga reservoirs and their tributaries are given. Specific features in variations in the structural and functional characteristics of bactriobenthos in individual areas are established depending on a complex of physicochemical characteristics of water and soil and the environmental state of each water body as a whole. 相似文献
8.
Water Resources - Estimates of pollution of Volga mouth area in 2016 are given. Data on the distribution of water flow into the Lower Volga and the results of state environmental monitoring were... 相似文献
9.
The Efficiency of Water Resources Management in Volga Basin 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A. P. Demin 《Water Resources》2005,32(6):594-604
The main characteristics of the socioeconomic development of Volga basin are given. Data on the use of water resources and the development of economic branches in the basin in 1980–2002 are analyzed. The dynamics of variations in the efficiency indices of water use in industry, agriculture and municipal economy in the upper, middle, and lower Volga. 相似文献
10.
Results of studying spatial and temporal variability in plant pigments in the Volga River water from the upper sections of the Ivankovo Reservoir downstream to the Rybinsk Reservoir Main Reach, as well as the applicability of different groups of indices of the absolute and relative concentration of pigments (chlorophylls, phaeo-pigments, and carotenoids) are presented. To differentiate water masses, these pigments have been assessed using the standard spectrophotometric method. It has been found that waters of individual river sections, singled out according to their hydrological features, and waters of different reservoirs on the whole can be reliably distinguished according to the concentration of pigments in the plant suspension. 相似文献
11.
M. V. Isupova 《Water Resources》2008,35(6):615-634
Long-term water level variations in the Volga mouth area and the effect exerted on them by the river’s flow and the Caspian Sea’s level variations are considered. Quantitative relationships were identified between the mean annual water levels at different gages in the mouth and the sea level. A backwater component was isolated in the long-term variations in water level in the Volga mouth area. Relationships between the daily water levels in the mouth and the Caspian Sea’s level at fixed water flow in the delta apex are presented. The magnitude and the propagation distance of backwater from the sea into the delta are specified. The responses of the mouth areas of rivers emptying into the Caspian Sea to sea level variations in the past century are compared. 相似文献
12.
The paper presents the structure of information support technology and algorithms of the decision-making process in managing the Volga–Kama cascade of reservoirs, as well as the results of implementing into the operational practice of a technology for regulating reservoirs and the prospects of its use for solving water problems. 相似文献
13.
Conditions of fish reproduction in the Volga–Caspian Basin depending on the hydrological regime in the Volga lower reaches, transformed by water withdrawals and regulatory impact of reservoirs are considered. 相似文献
14.
The Caspian Sea (CS), the world's largest inland sea, may also be considered as large-scale limnic system. Due to strong fluctuations of its water level during the 20th century and the flooding of vast areas in a highly vulnerable coastal zone, economic and environmental risk potentials have to be considered. Since the major water input into the CS is attributed to the Volga river, the understanding of its long-term flow process is necessary for an appropriate risk assessment for the CS and its coastal area. Therefore, a top-down approach based on statistical analyses of long-term Volga flow series is pursued. For the series of annual mean flow (MQ) of the Volga river basin during the 20th century, a complex oscillation pattern was identified. Analyses for multiple gauges in the Volga river basin and Eurasian reference basins revealed that this oscillation pattern resulted from the superposition of oscillations with periods of ∼30 years (MQ) in the western part of the Volga river basin, and ∼14 years (flow volume of snowmelt events) and ∼20 years (flow volume of summer and autumn) in the eastern part of the Volga river basin (Kama river basin). Almost synchronous minima or maxima of these oscillations occurred just in the periods of substantial changes of the Caspian Sea level (CSL). It can thus be assumed that the described mechanism is fundamental for an understanding of the CSL development during the 20th century. Regarding the global climate change, it is still difficult to predict reliably the development of the CSL for the 21st century. Consequently, we suggest an ongoing, interdisciplinary research co-operation among climatology, hydrology, hydraulics, ecology and spatial data management. 相似文献
15.
Samples characterizing the horizontal distribution of bottom deposits of different types in the Upper Volga reservoirs were used to study the statistical relationship between the indicators of the potential and actual trophy of water bodies. These indicators are the amount of biogenic elements (the total nitrogen and phosphorus) and phyto-pigments (in the dry and wet masses of soil and in its organic fraction). The relationship between the above indicators for the channel deposits from the Upper Volga reservoirs and for the deposits in the lake hollows is found to he linear. 相似文献
16.
Specific features of CH4 distribution and the extent of its transformations in the water of reservoirs in the Upper Volga basin are considered. Methanogenesis was detected in water at some stations. The quantitative characteristics of CH4 and methane oxidation are shown to correlate with the environmental conditions of the reservoir. 相似文献
17.
Estimates of the chemical load of reservoirs in the water divide reach of the Moscow Canal in terms of phosphates, ammonium
ion, nitrates, chlorides, organic matter (by permanganate oxidability), and BOD are given. Matter fluxes for lateral tributaries
are compared with the fluxes along the canal, and the obtained relationships are used to evaluate seasonal variations in the
role of lateral inflow in water quality formation in the reservoirs. The role of tributaries is shown to increase with decreasing
volumes of Volga water transfer. 相似文献
18.
19.
Long-term observational data are used to compare and analyze time and space variations in the concentrations of nutrients in the water of major rivers flowing into the Caspian Sea and assess the nutrients runoff into the sea. Annual variations in the normal monthly values of river runoff and nutrient compound concentrations and input into the sea are considered (18 compounds and considered for the Volga, Ural, Terek, Sulak, and Samur, and 7 compounds are considered for the Kura). The Volga contribution to nutrient input into the sea is found to vary from 77 to 94% with the average of 86%. 相似文献
20.
Data on water bodies with different trophic status in the Upper Volga basin are used to analyze the relationship between the algological and pigment characteristics of blue-green alga development. The examined relationships for the phytoplankton of highly eutrophic Lake Nero are shown to feature higher correlation coefficients as compared with meso- and mesoeutrophic reservoirs. 相似文献