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白云鄂博矿区“白云岩”成因的初步研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
白云鄂博矿区“白云岩”可以划分成“层状”磷灰石白云石碳酸岩，“层状”细粒稀土白云石碳酸岩、高硅白云石碳酸岩、低硅白云石碳酸岩、方解石碳酸岩等多种类型。它们是同一岩浆源不同演化阶段的产物。这些不同类型碳酸岩所携带的成矿物质，造就了白云鄂博矿床。 相似文献
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内蒙古巴彦查干湖白云石的成因及其环境意义 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对内蒙古南部巴彦查干湖12400cal.aB.P.以来的沉积物进行了X-衍射、扫描电镜、碳酸盐含量和自生碳酸盐氧同位素组成的研究.结果显示,沉积物中碳酸盐含量较高,6000cal. aB.P.以前为方解石,之后白云石开始出现,4800cal.aB.P.以来代替方解石成为主要的碳酸盐矿物.方解石的形态为细长的结晶棱柱体和薄片状,白云石颗粒的形态均为小球粒状,这些形态特征表明方解石和白云石是快速沉淀形成的.白云石的形态和大小与澳大利亚Coorong等地区微生物成因的白云石非常相似,表明巴彦查干湖白云石的形成可能与微生物活动有关.白云石在6000cal.aB.P.的出现是湖水咸化的直接证据,表明气候变干,这一结果与碳酸盐氧同位素和孢粉记录一致. 相似文献
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豫西登封地区寒武系第二统朱砂洞组发育了大量形态极具特色的豹斑状构造。豹斑为灰-深灰色,呈管状、斑块状或网状分布,主要成分为半自形-自形的白云石;而基质为灰白-浅灰色,主要成分为微晶方解石,与豹斑界限明显。根据其形态及发育特征,这些豹斑构造可分为条带状、花斑状、网格状3种类型。根据白云石及方解石含量,含有这3类豹斑构造的岩性分别定名为云斑状灰岩、灰质斑状白云岩、斑状白云岩。研究表明,豹斑是由Thalassinoides造迹生物对沉积物扰动改造形成复杂的潜穴系统,并在成岩期优先发生白云岩交代作用所致。朱砂洞组发育的豹斑自下而上从条带状经花斑状演化为网格状,反映其沉积时的水动力逐渐降低、环境更加稳定,潜穴系统趋于复杂化、生物扰动强度增大,后期白云化程度也逐渐增强。 相似文献
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四川盆地西部中二叠统栖霞组晶洞充填物特征与热液活动记录 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
热液环境在碳酸盐岩成岩作用中十分重要,MVT铅锌矿床和热液白云岩储层都与之有关。四川盆地西部中二叠统栖霞组普遍发育厘米级大小的晶洞,其充填物主要为晶体粗大的非平直晶面鞍形白云石,这些鞍形白云石经历了广泛的溶解作用,次生方解石充填于鞍形白云石溶解空间及其晶间孔隙中。本文在碳酸盐岩岩石学特征研究的基础上,测试了晶洞充填物的碳氧同位素组成、元素构成和包裹体均一化温度,结合川西中二叠统埋藏历史和二叠纪以来的非地热增温热事件,研究了晶洞充填物中鞍形白云石的沉淀与溶解流体,以及充填于鞍形白云石溶解空间和晶间孔隙中次生方解石的沉淀流体。研究表明:在作为晶洞充填物的碳酸盐矿物中,鞍形白云石和沉淀于白云石晶间、晶内的次生方解石具有显著不同的氧同位素组成和包裹体均一化温度,前者δ18O值-5.94‰～-4.35‰,包裹体均一化温度主要为110～210℃,后者δ18O值-10.34‰～-8.75‰,包裹体均一化温度主要为70～110℃,据此反演的鞍形白云石沉淀流体的δ18O值为+4‰～+14‰(SMOW),方解石相应值为-4‰～+5‰(SMOW),显示白云石是在高盐度和高温流体中沉淀的,方解石是在相对低盐度和低温流体中沉淀的;晶洞充填物的碳同位素分析表明,鞍形白云石和沉淀于白云石晶间和晶内的次生方解石的δ13C值大致分布在0.7‰～2.6‰的范围内,显著低于同期海水的δ13C值,两种碳酸盐矿物中的碳具有同期海水和深部CO2混合碳源的特征;中二叠世末东吴运动期间峨眉山玄武岩喷发时岩浆活动的热效应导致了当时处于浅埋藏环境的栖霞组地层中鞍形白云石的沉淀,而热事件后流体温度和盐度的同时降低则使得鞍形白云石溶解,同时伴随方解石沉淀在鞍形白云石溶解后的孔隙和晶间孔隙中。 相似文献
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鄂尔多斯盆地中东部奥陶系呈现出宽缓的盆缘含硬石膏白云岩坪与盆缘硬石膏白云岩坪相带，为孔洞型储层的成层发育、大面积展布创造了良好的条件。中部地区储层物性明显好于东部地区。本文从古岩溶地貌、古沟槽展布、压释水分布以及孔洞充填物类型的差异，系统分析了储层分布的控制因素。进而利用电子探针分析、同位素分析及包裹体测温，探讨了孔隙充填物的类型及形成环境。充填物中的白云石主要包括微成水微晶白云石、淡水白云石及马鞍状白云石三种类型，方解石主要包括微咸水粉细晶方解石、淡水方解石及铁方解石三种类型。微咸水微晶白云石和微成水粉细晶方解石主要形成于同生期层间岩溶发育期，淡水白云石及淡水方解石主要形成于裸露期风化壳岩溶发育期，马鞍状白云石及铁方解石主要形成于中深埋藏环境。 相似文献
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碳酸盐岩流体包裹体测温过程中宿主矿物的准确鉴别和包裹体形成期次的确定尤为关键,将包裹体测温与其他技术结合才能更好地解决包裹体的生源和属性。本文以川西北中二叠统栖霞组豹斑灰岩晶洞充填物中鞍形白云石和方解石为研究对象,在岩石学特征研究确定二者形成顺序基础上,借助茜素红染色正确区分流体包裹体的宿主矿物。研究结果表明,染色剂的使用对流体包裹体测温结果无影响,染色前后包裹体的均一化温度测量差值在1℃以内,而染色剂配制比例(尤其是盐酸浓度)、染色时间和染色液清除方式是茜素红染色技术能否成功应用于碳酸盐岩流体包裹体测温的关键。本研究准确获得了鞍形白云石和分布于鞍形白云石晶间和晶内的方解石的包裹体均一化温度,分别集中在110~190℃和70~130℃区间,二者具有40~60℃的温度差。研究认为,方解石的沉淀时间晚于鞍形白云石,鞍形白云石的沉淀可能与峨眉山玄武岩喷发热事件有关,热事件后的温度降低导致鞍形白云石的溶解并伴随方解石的沉淀。 相似文献
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青城子铅锌矿是辽河群变质岩系中的大型铅锌矿。矿体主要赋存在辽河群浪子山组火山碎屑岩建造和大石桥组碳酸盐岩建造中,其形态和产状严格受岩性、地层产状及构造断裂控制。矿体的直接围岩为白云质大理岩和云母条带大理岩等。矿石矿物主要是黄缺矿、闪锌矿和方铅矿等;脉石矿物主要为石英、方解石和白云石。矿石具有沉积、变质等地质作用所形成 相似文献
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羌塘盆地中央隆起带南侧隆额尼-昂达尔错布曲组古油藏白云岩稀土元素特征及成因意义 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以系统的岩石学及沉积相分析为基础,深入探讨了隆额尼—昂达尔错古油藏白云岩及其伴生灰岩的稀土元素地球化学特征,认为该区灰岩及白云岩∑REE仍受沉积相带及沉积过程的控制,且具∑REE较低的总体特征,白云岩中HREE比LREE更具贫化的特点,这些特征均系淡水淋漓作用的结果;灰岩及白云岩在配分模式上,均为相对平坦的页岩配分模式。其中灰岩在配分模式上,在∑REE较高的情况下表现出起伏较大的特点,而白云岩在∑REE较低的情况下,表现出较为平坦的特征,白云岩化过程中稀土元素有贫化和均一的趋势;灰岩与白云岩相比,灰岩δEu值较高,而白云岩δCe较高,反映出灰岩形成于水体较深的还原环境,而白云岩形成于古地理相对高点的氧化环境。该区白云岩为混合水交代成因。 相似文献
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In early calcite carbonatites of the Kovdor ore deposit four morphological types of dolomite are represented. In the first type, dolomite microcrystals occur as lamellae enclosed by optically continuous calcite. In the second, dolomite microcrystals occur as segmented rods, plates and xenomorphic grains, enclosed by optically discontinuous calcite, and in the third, dolomite is represented by grains of various morphologies, situated along calcite grain boundaries. The fourth type of dolomite occurs as a fine-grained aggregate, which develops along grain boundaries and cleavage cracks of calcite. From microscopic, scanning electron microscope and microprobe studies of these different types of dolomite microcrystals, as well as the calcite associated with them, it can be concluded that the first type of dolomite was exsolved from magnesian calcite during cooling. The second, and the third types of dolomite microcrystals were formed by recrystallization. The fourth type of dolomite was formed by metasomatic dolomitization. As the result of these two processes-recrystallization and metasomatic dolomitization-early dolomite microcrystals seldom occur. The composition of the early-formed primary magnesian calcite yielded temperatures of exsolution of dolomite from magnesian calcite between 665 and 700°C. 相似文献
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羌塘盆地隆额尼-昂达尔错古油藏的白云岩组构特征及铅同位素意义 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
以系统的岩石学及沉积相分析为基础,深入探讨了隆额尼-昂达尔错古油藏白云岩及其伴生灰岩的铅同位素特征,认为该区白云岩及伴生灰岩具有统一的铅来源,铅主要来自中央隆起带变质岩、岩浆岩及再旋回沉积的三叠系地层,为地幔、造山带、地壳等多源混合的异常铅.铅元素在含量上与沉积相带关系十分明显,仍受沉积过程的控制,后期构造作用并未带入大量深部流体进行白云岩的交代作用.该区白云岩仍保存有大量具成因意义的组构信息,主要体现在:典型混合水交代成因的雾心亮边结构、等厚环边和世代生成结构、残余鲕粒结构及藻纹层构造等,该区白云岩为混合水交代成因.构造只是起到白云岩化后期的改造作用. 相似文献
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酒西盆地下白垩统陆相碎屑岩胶结物的形成关系到油气储集的重要问题,富铁的洪积扇沉积体系和非富铁的河流一湖泊沉积体系形成两种不同的胶结物组合类型,平面上可分为三带胶结物:混合胶结带、铁镁胶结带和浓聚成岩带。盆地边缘带是以铁、泥、钙为主的混合胶结物,中间为以碳酸铁镁矿物的白云石、铁白云石为主的胶结物,盆中带形成胶结物的浓聚成岩层,事实证明过渡的铁镁胶结带是最富于聚集油气的地带。本文还在纵向上探讨了泥质粘土矿物和碳酸盐胶结物的成岩变化。 相似文献
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峡东地区的新元古界由于保存良好的“雪球地球”沉积记录及其崩解后的“盖帽碳酸盐岩”和“庙河生物群”等关键地质记录,因而成为国际新元古界研究的热点地区之一.此次报道的青林口剖面是目前在峡东地区发现的出露最为完整的新元古代地层序列,对于揭示这一关键地质时期的重大生物演变和地球环境发展历程具有重要研究价值.重点介绍该剖面的地层序列并简要分析其沉积演变特点.该剖面出露新元古代地层自下而上依次包括莲沱组、南沱组、陡山沱组和灯影组.其中,莲沱组以紫红色砂岩夹页岩为主,由两个沉积旋回组成;南沱组角度不整合在莲沱组之上,以灰绿色杂砾岩为特征,划分为3个岩性段;陡山沱组以“盖帽白云岩”的出现为底界,以黑色硅质页岩的结束为顶界,划分为4个明显的岩性段;灯影组整体具有“两白夹一黑”的特征,自下而上划分为蛤蟆井段、石板滩段和白马沱段.青林口剖面地层出露完整,各组段岩性特征明显,清晰地反映了该区域的沉积环境演变历程.沉积记录显示,本区新元古代中期开始接受沉积,最先沉积陆相莲沱组,经历成冰纪晚期南沱组代表的“雪球”事件后转为海相沉积,埃迪卡拉纪沉积的陡山沱组和灯影组均为浅海开阔碳酸盐相或局限页岩相,成为后生动物起源和宏观藻类分异发展的创新基地. 相似文献
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河南泌阳凹陷含碱段的浅水蒸发环境 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
本文通过对泌阳凹陷含碱段岩心的研究,描述了含碱段地层的细-粉砂岩、油页岩、白云岩和重碳钠盐岩四种岩石类型,详细描述了发育在含碱地层中的波状层理、冲刷构造、层面波痕和干裂等沉积构造以及白云岩的内碎屑结构。对这些岩石类型、沉积构造、沉积韵律和岩相分布进行了分析,得出了与前人不同的结论:核二段底部含碱段沉积时是蒸发的浅水环境,碱矿层是在极浅水的盆地中心湖区--干盐湖环境中沉积的。 相似文献
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湘西花垣李梅铅锌矿区古热液卡斯特特征及其成因研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
发育于湘西花垣县李梅铅锌矿区内下寒武统清虚洞组藻灰岩中的一套角砾岩,具古卡斯特特征。溶蚀洞穴、溶蚀崩解、溶蚀变形构造以及特殊的洞穴充填角砾和洞穴矿物可作为鉴别和区分不同于一般沉积角砾岩的主要特征。X衍射、包体测温、包体成分及氢氧同位素组合分析表明:本区古卡斯特为一种低温(150℃±)、高盐度(14.89～39.24％)、弱酸性(pH=5.75.t=150℃)至弱碱性(pH=6.88、t=150℃)、还原型(Eh:-0.7721～-0.8699)的CaCl型深层热卤水的溶蚀作用所造成。 相似文献
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Petrographic investigations on the light yellow marble outcrops in the Griesscharte, Tyrol, Austria/Italy revealed them to be dolomite. The white to blue-grey veins in these marbles were those of calcite. Inside these calcites and along the calcite-dolomite phase boundaries minute and microscopically unidentifiable crystallites (? 10 μ) were observed. These crystallites were recognised by X-ray diffractometry as dolomite and their form and distribution were established by scanning electron microscopy. Trace-element distributions on the calcite-dolomite neighbours were studied by neutron-activation method to elucidate the formation mechanism of these calcites in the marble.Genetic relationships of the dolomite crystallites, the calcite host and the surrounding dolomite marble have been discussed in the light of the petrographic and chemical studies. These findings substantiate a deposition of a new formed vein of calcite from the solution circulating in the fissures of the dolomite marble during prograde metamorphism rather than a simple deposition of mobilized sedimentary calcite. The dolomite crystallites in the calcite seem to have been formed post-tectonically, partly by the nucleation in the calcite cleavage planes during Mg-metasomatism and partly from the exsolutions during retrograde metamorphism. 相似文献
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Carbonate concretions, lenses and bands in the Pleistocene, Palaeogene and Upper Triassic coalfields of Japan consist of various carbonate minerals with varied chemical compositions. Authigenic carbonates in freshwater sediments are siderite > calcite > ankerite > dolomite >> ferroan magnesite; in brackish water to marine sediments in the coal measures, calcite > dolomite > ankerite > siderite >> ferroan magnesite; and in the overlying marine deposits, calcite > dolomite >> siderite. Most carbonates were formed progressively during burial within a range of depths between the sediment-water interface and approximately 3 km. The mineral species and the chemical composition of the carbonates are controlled primarily by the initial sedimentary facies of the host sediments and secondarily by the diagenetic evolution of pore water during burial. Based on the regular sequence and burial depth of precipitation of authigenic carbonates in a specific sedimentary facies, three diagenetic stages of carbonates are proposed. Carbonates formed during Stage I (< 500 m) strongly reflect the initial sedimentary facies, e.g. low Ca-Mg siderite in freshwater sediments which are initially rich in iron derived from lateritic soil on the nearby landmass, and Mg calcite and dolomite in brackish-marine sediments whose pore waters abound in Ca2+ and Mg2+ originating in seawater and calcareous shells. Carbonates formed during Stage II (500–2000 m) include high Ca-Mg siderite, ankerite, Fe dolomite and Fe–Mg calcite in freshwater sediments. The assemblage of Stage II carbonates in brackish-marine sediments in the coal measures is similar to that in freshwater sediments. This suggests similar diagenetic environments owing to an effective migration and mixing of pore water due to the compaction of host sediments. Carbonates formed during Stage III (> 2000 m) are Fe calcite and extremely high Ca-Mg siderite; the latter is exclusively in marine mudstones. The supply of Ca is partly from the alteration of silicates in the sediments at elevated burial temperatures. After uplift, calcite with low Mg content precipitates from percolating groundwater and fills extensional cracks. 相似文献
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The Muzkol metamorphic complex in the Central Pamirs contains widespread occurrences of corundum mineralization, sometimes with gem-quality corundum. These occurrences are spatially related to zones of metasomatic alterations in calcite and dolomite marbles and crystalline schists. The calcite marbles contain corundum together with muscovite, scapolite, and biotite; the dolomite marbles contain corundum in association with biotite; and the schists bear this mineral coexisting with biotite and chlorite. All these rocks additionally contain tourmaline, apatite, rutile, and pyrite. The biotite is typically highly aluminous (up to 1.9 f.u. Al), and the scapolite is rich in the marialite end member (60–75 mol %). The crystallization parameters of corundum were estimated using mineral assemblages at T = 600–650°C, P = 4–6 kbar, X CO 2 = 0.2–0.5 at elevated alkalinity of the fluid. The Sr concentration in the calcite and dolomite marbles is low (345–460 and 62–110 ppm, respectively), as is typical of recrystallized sedimentary carbonates. The variations in the 87Sr/86Sr ratio in the calcite and dolomite marbles (0.70852–0.70999 and 0.70902–0.71021, respectively) were controlled by the introduction of radiogenic 87Sr during the metasomatic transformations of the rocks. The isotopic-geochemical characteristics obtained for the rocks and the results of numerical simulations of the fluid-rock interactions indicate that the corundum-bearing metasomatic rocks developed after originally sedimentary Phanerozoic carbonate rocks, with the desilication of the terrigenous material contained in them. This process was a manifestation of regional alkaline metasomatism during the closing stages of Alpine metamorphism. In the course of transformations in the carbonate reservoir, the juvenile fluid flow became undersaturated with respect to silica, which was a necessary prerequisite for the formation of corundum. 相似文献