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水利水电工程的大坝结构对工程运行过程的稳定性与安全性有着较为重要的影响。大坝工程安全监测控制措施的优化,有助于大坝自身工程质量的提升。本文针对水利水电工程中的大坝工程安全监测控制措施、安全监测控制方式和大坝工程安全监测控制强化措施等内容进行分析,结果发现:大坝工程安全监测控制工作的推进,可为大坝工程效益的发挥提供保障,有助于我国水利水电工程技术的发展进步。 相似文献
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水库大坝安全评价就是利用系统工程原理和方法,对拟建或已有水库大坝工程及系统可能存在的危险性及其可能产生的后果进行综合评价和预测,提出相应的安全对策措施,以达到工程及系统安全的过程。本文在对云南某水库大坝现场调查的基础之上,结合室内试验土工试验结果,综合分析该评估区的地质环境和工程地质条件,对大坝坝基、坝肩、坝体现状进行安全性评价,并提出了相应的工程建议。 相似文献
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《水文地质工程地质》2007,34(2):F0002-F0002
李焯芬，男，汉族，1945年出生，祖籍广东中山。在香港完成小学，中学及大学本科教育，1972年获加拿大西安大略大学博士学位，主修岩土工程。曾任教西安大略大学及多伦多大学。长期服务于安大略省水电局及省电力公司，历任高工、总工、工程部门总经理等职；负责水电核电建设、大坝安全评估、核电站及大坝抗震、核废料地质处理等研究课题。1994年回香港任香港大学土木工程系教授，讲座教授；1999年开始担任副校长职务。 相似文献
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Kenneth S. Johnson 《Environmental Geology》2008,53(5):945-950
Gypsum is a highly soluble rock and is dissolved readily to form caves, sinkholes, disappearing streams, and other karst features
that typically are also present in limestones and dolomites. Gypsum karst is widespread in the USA and has caused problems
at several sites where dams were built, or where dam construction was considered. Gypsum karst is present (at least locally)
in most areas where gypsum crops out, or is less than 30–60 m below the land surface. These karst features can compromise
on the ability of a dam to hold water in a reservoir, and can even cause collapse of a dam. Gypsum karst in the abutments
or foundation of a dam can allow water to pass through, around, or under a dam, and solution channels can enlarge quickly,
once water starts flowing through such a karst system. The common procedure for controlling gypsum karst beneath the dam is
a deep cut-off trench, backfilled with impermeable material, or a close-spaced grout curtain that hopefully will fill all
cavities. In Oklahoma, the proposed Upper Mangum Dam was abandoned before construction, because of extensive gypsum karst
in the abutments and impoundment area. Catastrophic failure of the Quail Creek Dike in southwest Utah in 1989 was due to flow
of water through an undetected karstified gypsum unit beneath the earth-fill embankment. The dike was rebuilt, at a cost of
US $12 million, with construction of a cut-off trench 600 m long and 25 m deep. Other dams in the USA with severe gypsum-karst
leakage problems in recent years are Horsetooth and Carter Lake Dams, in Colorado, and Anchor Dam, in Wyoming. 相似文献
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Dwayne D. Tannant 《Georisk: Assessment and Management of Risk for Engineered Systems and Geohazards》2015,9(3):148-157
The Testalinden earth dam in southern British Columbia failed in June 2010 and created a huge debris flow. Homes were destroyed and property was damaged. The failure of this small dam resulted in a comprehensive review of over 1000 dams in the province, evaluation of dam safety management practices, changes to the Water Act and improvements in how data on dams are collected, archived and communicated. The provincial dam inventory was re-evaluated to ensure that appropriate consequence classification, and therefore attention, is assigned to dams. Increased scrutiny was placed on dam owners to ensure they complied with dam safety policies and to ensure they submitted annual inspection reports and formal dam safety reviews in a timely manner. Dam owners and professionals engaged in dam safety activities have received new guidelines and better education and training. 相似文献
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山区特大地震往往导致大量堰塞湖,例如2008年汶川地震形成了至少257个堰塞湖,并且主震后发生了大量余震,这些余震可能会影响堰塞坝体的安全状态。通过大型振动台模型试验,研究了余震及库水耦合作用下堰塞坝体的破坏及溃决机理和过程。共进行了两组不同材料的振动台模型试验,分别模拟含黏粒较多且颗粒较小（坝体Ⅰ）和基本不含黏粒且颗粒较大（坝体Ⅱ）的两种坝体。在不同水位条件下进行振动台试验。研究成果表明:（1）地震和库水耦合作用下堰塞坝体的主要溃决方式是漫顶溢流,主要溃决过程为地震力使松散的堰塞坝体发生沉陷,库水渗入使沉陷加剧,最终水位上升漫过坝顶发生溢流冲蚀破坏。（2）地震一般不会直接引起堰塞坝体的破坏。地震力对坝体稳定性的主要影响是使坝体发生沉陷变形。在地震和库水耦合作用下,坝体沉陷比单一因素作用下更为剧烈,因此地震作用会使漫顶溢流提前发生。（3）地震和库水耦合作用下坝体Ⅰ沉陷量大于坝体Ⅱ,说明现实中由大粒径岩土体组成的堰塞坝体具有更好的稳定性。 相似文献
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The Tabarak Abad Dam on the river Tabarak, a branch of Atrak river, is located about 25 km of northeast of Quchan city in the northeast of Iran. The dam is now under construction and will be completed in 2002. The Tabarak Abad Dam has been designed as an earthfill dam with a clay core. The dam and its associated concrete structures are mainly founded on limestone and shale of the Shoorigeh formation of Upper Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous age and limestone and sandstone of the Tirgan formation of Lower Cretaceous age. These rocks are affected by high jointing and faulting especially in the surface. This paper discusses the site investigation for the dam. 相似文献
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《Geoforum》2016
River restoration through dam removal provides an opportunity to investigate the changing nature of environmental conflicts and politics in long-humanized landscapes. In New England, where over 14,000 dams fragment the region’s rivers, dam removals are often highly contested. This is due, in part, to how the intertwined roles of history, identity, and aesthetics coalesce to create attachment to place and inspire the defense of dammed landscapes. Dam removal provides a useful lens to consider the following: How do the historical and geographical contingencies of this region shape and alter conflicts over dam removal in specific ways? In instances where conflicts emerge, what do the conflicts reveal about the politics of ecological restoration in highly altered landscapes? We use a political ecology approach to reveal how complex cultural dynamics, competing interpretations of science and the environment, micropolitics, and the role of multiple actors generate and shape conflicts over dam removal. We show that the historical geography of New England influence conflicts over removal in important ways, particularly with regard to the roles of aesthetics and identity in landscapes that are characterized largely by consumptive as opposed to productive uses. Our findings also suggest that restoration in long-humanized landscapes will embroil new constellations of human and nonhuman actors, requiring attention to the political and cultural, as well as the ecological, dimensions of restoration. This paper contributes to research on the political and social dimensions of dam removal, as well as to research at the nexus of ecological restoration and environmental politics. 相似文献
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运用爆破振动测试与混凝土声波检测相结合的方法,对汤渡河水库大坝混凝土拆除爆破进行了有效的控制,在保证大坝安全的前提下,大大加快了施工进度,是一种行之有效的方法,对同类工程有较大的借鉴作用。 相似文献
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The dams are built to supply water needs of people, to produce electricity and to supply irrigation water in agricultural activities since ancient times. They are very important because of their contribution to energy production. The construction of dams is very difficult and costly. It is vital that they are resistant to all kinds of effects, since they are built to prevent flooding in the region. The most important and dangerous of these effects are earthquake forces. It is very important that the dams are designed to be durable. In this study, the Darideresi-II Dam reservoir located in Isparta was examined in terms of the behavior under various earthquake loads. To reflect the behavior of the dam in a more realistic way, the finite element method is used. While developing this model, the material specifications and boundary conditions are taken into account. The dam reservoir was modeled using ANSYS program, and its behavior under different earthquake accelerations was investigated. The deformation and stress forces under earthquake accelerations are taken into account. By examining these results, it is interpreted how the Darideresi-II Dam reservoir will behave during earthquake. 相似文献
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土石坝震害将导致严重后果,目前国内外修筑于地震区的土石坝在抗震设计时都进行了动力分析。室内动力试验提供土石料可靠的动强度和动力参数是土石坝地震动力分析准确性的关键。水牛家心墙土石坝坝高100多米,大坝设防烈度9度,采用动三轴仪,对其坝基②层细砂砾料和心墙防渗土料进行大量的动力特性试验研究,分析两种土料的动模量阻尼特性,并简述其影响因素。分析试验结果有：使用一个试样完成三个不同的围压力?3c或固结比Kc,与《土工试验规程》推荐方法相比,大大减小了试验和分析工作量, 且有相当的规律性和准确程度;动模量阻尼比的主要影响因素是动应变幅、围压力、固结主应力比、孔隙比等。动应变水平影响动模量阻尼成倍增减,动模量随围压力?3c增减而增减,阻尼比D随?3c的升高而略有减小,动模量和阻尼比随固结比Kc增减而增减,Kc从1到2可使心墙土料的Edmax增加60％左右;土类不同,模量阻尼也不尽相同。水牛家心墙料的动模量较高,阻尼比较小,不易产生动力破坏。 相似文献
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铁岭柴河1#尾矿坝数值模拟及其稳定性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
铁岭柴河1#尾矿坝位于辽宁省开原市靠山镇猴石社区的关门山沟内,由初期坝和尾矿堆积坝组成。本文在该尾矿坝现场勘察的基础上,将坝体实测主轴剖面进行合理地概化和延伸,建立有限差分数值模型,并以Duncan—Chang双曲线模型来反映尾矿坝岩土体应力—应变本构关系,对处于正常运行条件下的坝体进行数值分析,从而揭露坝体内部应力状态,同时在数值分析结果的基础上,采用基于极限平衡理论的条分法——Fellenius法和Biship法对尾矿坝的稳定性进行计算,从而实现对尾矿坝稳定性的定量分析,对尾矿库的安全生产具有重要指导意义。 相似文献