共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 515 毫秒
1.
Fellow and Eddington Medallist of the RAS, Fellow of the Royal Society, MBE,pioneer in radar and radio astromy.
Click HERE to view the article. 相似文献
Click HERE to view the article. 相似文献
2.
RAS Fellow and President, broad and rigorous scientist and driving force behind the Opacity Project. 相似文献
3.
《Astronomy& Geophysics》2010,51(1):1.36-1.36
Fellow and Gold Medallist of the Society, pioneering seismologist, and leader of the UK's nuclear test verification team. 相似文献
4.
J A Hudson 《Astronomy& Geophysics》2000,41(3):3.36-3.37
Fellow of the RAS, nuclear physicist, mathematician, musician and teacher.
Click HERE to view the article. 相似文献
Click HERE to view the article. 相似文献
5.
《Astronomy& Geophysics》2008,49(1):1.31-1.31
Fellow of the RAS, innovative geophysicist who developed electrical imaging methods to solve hydrological, environmental and archaeological problems. 相似文献
6.
Mike Edmunds 《Astronomy& Geophysics》2007,48(6):6.37-6.37
Fellow and Gold Medallist of the RAS; innovative observer and modeller in nucleosynthesis and chemical evolution – and enthusiastic musician. 相似文献
7.
Monica M Grady 《Astronomy& Geophysics》2007,48(4):4.39-4.39
Fellow and Treasurer of the RAS; long-standing radio and optical observer who discovered the gravitational lens; unassuming and efficient organizer for astronomy. 相似文献
8.
David Wright 《Astronomy& Geophysics》2000,41(4):4.23-4.27
Samuel Pepys' Diary of the 1660s is a rich record of the science of the time. Pepys was a Fellow of the Royal Society and met or corresponded with many leading scientists and astronomers as David Wright explains. 相似文献
9.
Collapse and/or severe damage to pile-supported structures are still observed in liquefiable soils after most major earthquakes.
Poor performance of pile foundations remains a great concern to the earthquake engineering community. This review paper compares
and contrasts the two plausible theories on pile failure in liquefiable soils. The well established theory of pile failure
is based on a flexural mechanism; where the lateral loads on the pile (due to inertia and/or lateral spreading) induce bending
failure. This theory is well researched in the recent past and assumes that piles are laterally loaded beams. A more recent
theory based on buckling instability treats the piles as laterally unsupported slender columns in liquefiable soils and investigates
the buckling instability (bifurcation). The objective of this paper is to investigate the implications to practical pile foundation
design that flow from both these theories. Provisions for design made by major international codes of practice for pile design
including the Japanese Highway Code (JRA) will be considered. The necessity for such codes to consider alternative forms of
failure mechanisms such as the buckling instability of piles in liquefied ground will be discussed.
S. Bhattacharya–Previously Departmental Lecturer in Engineering Science, University of Oxford, UK and Fellow of Somerville
College, Oxford. S. P. G. Madabhushi–Fellow of Girton College, Cambridge. 相似文献
10.
In this paper, we use the inertial coupling relation as a similarity model for the air–sea boundary layer, to predict the 10-m drag coefficient. Excellent agreement with the commonly used statistical relationship of Garratt (1992) is found for a fully developed growing wind wave sea with a constant inertial drag coefficient, KI = 1.5 × 10–3. This suggests that the inertial coupling model can be used to realistically predict the 10 m drag coefficient under more general wind wave conditions.Acknowledgements The paper was completed while JATB was a Fellow at the Hanse-Wissenschaftskolleg in Delmenhorst, Germany, in July and August 2004. The comments of two anonymous reviewers are gratefully acknowledged. 相似文献
11.
Krešimir Čolić Svetozar Petrović Hans Sünkel Miloslav Burda Miroslav Bielik Vincenc Vyskočil 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》1994,38(2):131-139
Summary The Dinarides, the Eastern Alps and the Western Carpathians being situated at the borders of the Pannonian basin, are of very
similar origin. Therefore, the results obtained in the investigation of correlations between Earth gravity field parameters
(absolute geoid undulations, gravity anomalies), the surface topography and the shape of the Mohorovičić discontinuity, were
compared. It was found that these three regions have the same basic characteristics, but also their own specific features.
While the similarities follow clearly from these investigations, the found differences might partly be a consequence of non-uniformity
and unmatched quality of data sets used for the three regions.
A short version of this paper, entitled "Kindredness of three mountain belts at the border of the Pannonian basin — deduced
from the behavior of the Mohorovičić discontinuity" was presented at the 7th International Symposium "Geodesy and Physics
of the Earth", Potsdam, October 5–10, 1992 and published in the Proceedings.
Presently a visiting professor at the Graz University of Technology, Institute for Theoretical Geodesy, Department for Physical
Geodesy, Austria.
Presently at the Berlin University of Technology, Germany, as an Alexander von Humboldt Foundation Research Fellow. 相似文献
12.
武汉东湖和南湖沉积物中磷形态分布特征与相关分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用七步连续提取法,探讨了东湖子湖(郭郑湖、庙湖)及南湖柱状沉积物中的水环境特征、不同赋存形态磷的垂向分布特征及所占的百分比,并分析了各形态磷之间的相关性.结果表明:通过分析采样点水环境特征,发现郭郑湖和南湖间隙水中总磷含量均高于上覆水体,并有较强的释放趋势;而庙湖间隙水中总磷含量小于上覆水,有较大的沉积趋势.通过分析不同赋存形态磷的垂向分布特征,发现可交换态磷、铝结合态磷、铁结合态磷和有机磷这几种生物活性磷含量随着深度的增加逐渐减少,并且15 cm以下含量变化不大;而闭蓄态磷、碎屑磷和自生钙磷这几种相对惰性的磷含量随着深度的增加变化趋势不明显.从不同形态磷的百分含量的变化幅度发现,南湖的变化范围最大,郭郑湖其次,庙湖的变化范围最小.各形态磷相关分析表明,郭郑湖总磷的增加主要来自于无机磷,其次来自于有机磷;庙湖总磷的增加主要来自于无机磷中的生物有效磷,有机磷对其贡献并不大;南湖无机磷和有机磷与总磷的关系都非常密切. 相似文献
13.
在基于文献调研及综合考虑试验目的、试验条件、试验经费的基础上对于综合管廊横向振动台试验进行详细设计。首先,对于试验中所需的振动台、模型箱、测试元件等试验设备进行设计与选择。其次,对于试验中两大主要方面:模型相似比和模型配筋进行研究。在相似比设计中依据Bockinghamπ定理以加速度、密度、弹性模量、长度这4个参数为基本量,考虑采用忽略重力模型,从而推导出其余相似比。模型配筋设计中由于无论单层综合管廊还是双层综合管廊原型结构配筋均较为简单同时考虑受力的合理性,本次配筋采用等面积配筋率原则。再次,基于地下结构地震反应特点选用El-Centro波、Kobe波、Taft波,试验加载采用分段逐次加载,并给出详细的加载制度。最后,基于前期二维模型的数值模拟,给出单层及双层综合管廊的测试元件布置图。 相似文献
14.
研究湿地底泥污染特性及水-土界面边界层性质是明确大型人工湿地长期运行下底泥内源污染问题的关键.本文以典型人工湿地为例,通过综合布点垂向分层监测湿地底泥理化性质,明确底泥污染特性,分析水-土界面边界氧化层现象、性质及形成机理,探讨其性质成因.结果表明：与湖泊类似,长期运行人工湿地底泥也会产生氧化层,垂向由上到下分为氧化层、污染层、过渡层和健康层;运行6年的湿地底泥可形成厚约1 cm、无明显臭味、棕黄色可塑状的氧化层;与污染层相比,氧化层色味变淡、流动性减弱,含水率、d（0.9）、亚铁、总有机碳和总氮含量分别降低7.20%、54.04%、54.59%、17.89%和7.00%,氧化还原电位和总磷含量分别升高150.41%和18.17%;氧化层是由氧化、沉降协同作用下形成的底泥表层氧化态微环境,其中上覆水溶解氧水平越高越有利于提高氧化层致密程度,降低氧化层有机质、总氮含量,上覆水悬浮物浓度越高、水深越深越有利于增加氧化层厚度. 相似文献
15.
为便于在大陆上研究板块构造,作者提出了几项原则,作为参考:1.板块接触带时常表现为一条大断层或断裂带,延伸至少数百公里,经常超过一千公里;2.在两个相邻的板块上,沉积岩相和古生物群有显著的划分;3.有混杂堆积的出现;4.有蛇绿岩带的出现;5.有蓝片岩的出现;6.侵入岩与喷出岩具有规律性的分布;7.地震震中的分布;8.两个相邻板块所指极向的不同移动轨迹. 根据上述原则,结合中国地质情况进行分析,作者认为我国有几条山脉和地区可能是板块构造接触带.这些是:1.秦岭东西构造带,2.台湾省东岸,3.西藏的雅鲁藏布江,4.金沙江上游,5.龙门山及“康滇地轴”,6.祁连山北部边缘. 在工作中也遇到了以下几个有待进一步研究的问题:1.大陆板块对大陆板块互相碰撞的说法,似应作一定的修改.因为几乎所有大陆上的俯冲带都是沿着地槽的一边或两边发生的,而不是两个大陆板块直接相互接触.它和大陆边缘的海洋板块对大陆板块的移动,极为相似。2.超基性岩是否能侵入到大陆地壳,还是只能生成于地幔?3.如果说超基性岩只出现于地槽,则古老地块中有超基性岩出现时,是否可以说,这是以前地槽沉积的变质岩,而不是古老的岩浆岩体,例如秦岭的大华群和大别山的淮阳地盾等。 相似文献
16.
实际的地球介质十分复杂,远非当今人们所采用的理想模型可以概括,因为其属性和结构的变异是非均匀、非线性和各向异性的.在研究地球内部壳幔介质与结构、构造与属性差异、金属矿产资源和油、气、煤能源的勘查中,无论是区域构造格局、岩相和结构特征(如裂缝、破碎带、不同尺度的洞穴以及一些不规则几何体)均十分复杂.近年来基于成山、成盆、成矿、成岩和成灾研究的不断深化,对地下介质各向异性的研究受到广泛的关注.地震波动传播理论和介质与结构的物理属性研究结果表明:地震各向异性在成因上主要是由岩石、矿物和晶体的晶格优势取向、应力场异常变异和构造裂缝与深部物质运移造成的.为此,本文对14次地震各向异性会议的主体内涵进行分析,在此基础上,指出了在各向异性研究的发展进程中、特别是在应用中尚存在着的一些问题.在深化认识地球内部物质物理属性的基础上,探讨了S波分裂和偏振效应与地震各向异性与介质结构分区、构造活动,油气田勘探与岩相特征,裂隙与构造精细刻划和地震活动区(带)深部介质与构造环境的深层过程和动力学响应的关系.最后提出了地震各向异性在地球物理学发展中的作用和今后的任务. 相似文献
17.
汶川MS8.0地震科学考察数据库存储了大量的野外调查数据,主要包括野外地质观测点、地表破裂带、震区第四纪断层的展布及其活动性地质观测点、古地震探槽、断错地貌测量等数据,以及搜集来的地层数据、汶川地震及其余震、重新定位余震、历史强震等数据。文中利用ArcGis将这些野外数据进行了录入、编辑、分析和制图输出,初步构建了一个包含基础地震地质信息的汶川地震科学考察数据库,实现了数据的空间位置和属性特征的综合管理,可根据需要对相关专题的数据进行查询、分析和处理,并绘制了汶川地震构造图及地表破裂分布图,为灾后重建避让带的确定提供了依据,为进一步构建汶川地震地理信息系统奠定了数据基础 相似文献
18.
In recent years, the Coulomb stress change induced by large earthquakes has attracted extensive attention in seismology. Many scientists at home and abroad have made remarkable achievements in the research on it. It is well known that North China is densely populated and industrially developed. More importantly, the Chinese capital city, Beijing, lies in the hinterland of North China. At the same time, there are abundant active faults and earthquakes in North China. The capital Beijing is China's political, economic, cultural, and transportation center. It is the center of all social activities and economic activities in the country, and is also a region where population, wealth, and information are highly concentrated. With the integration of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and the construction of Xiong'an New District, the consequences of big earthquake in Beijing and surrounding areas are unimaginable. Due to its special geographical location, frequent seismic activities in North China capture much attention. From the physical principle, the occurrence of earthquakes releases the accumulated stress, but the stress does not completely disappear. Some of the stresses are transmitted and transferred to other areas, resulting in stress concentration in some areas, which in turn affects the occurrence of earthquakes in the area. This is the idea of stress triggering of earthquakes. According to this hypothesis, the enhancement of Coulomb stress corresponds to the additional loading of the fault and promotes the occurrence of earthquakes; conversely, the weakening of the Coulomb stress in the stress shadow zone corresponds to partial unloading of the fault, which will delay the occurrence of the earthquake. In order to study the future seismic activity of North China, this paper estimates risks of future strong earthquakes in the region. To this end, we calculate the coseismic Coulomb stress changes and postseismic viscoelastic relaxation stresses of the events with MS ≥ 6.0 that occurred in the North China region since 1820, using elastic dislocation theory and hierarchical lithosphere model, respectively, in order to examine whether the cumulative Coulomb stress change can explain the spatiotemporal pattern of large earthquakes. Also we project the Coulomb stress change onto the specific active faults in North China and assign the present and future Coulomb stress change state to the faults to provide a dynamics reference for analyzing whether the areas will be hit by strong earthquakes in the future. The simulated results show that the effect caused by the effective friction coefficient changes is not significant on the spatial distribution of Coulomb stress changes induced by coseismic and postseismic viscoelastic relaxation effect of the medium of earthquakes in the North China region. Although the variation of the effective friction coefficient has an impact on the Coulomb stresses for some sections of faults, the general pattern of the spatial distribution of the Coulomb stress changes keeps unchanged. Consequently, 19 of the 24 earthquakes since the 1888 Bohai Bay earthquake have fallen in the positive region of Coulomb stress changes, with a triggering rate of 79%. In particular, considering the seismogeological data and the Coulomb stress calculation results, we assume that Luanxian-Yueting Fault, Panzhuangxi Fault, Dongming-Chengwu Fault, Yuncheng Fault, Longyao Fault of Ninghe-Xinxiang seismic belt, the Yingkou-Weifang Fault of Tanlu seismic belt, the Xiadian Fault, and the Huangzhuang-Gaoliying Fault in the Capital area have higher seismic risk and deserve in-depth study. 相似文献
19.
本文利用EIGEN-6C4重力数据和ETOPO1地形数据,在考虑物质密度横向不均匀的情况下,在东北亚地区展开地壳均衡研究,并重点分析了长白山的隆升机制.首先,针对穿越长白山和库页岛的两条近乎东西向的剖面（剖面A、B）展开详细研究,以CRUST1.0模型为初始条件,利用布格重力异常数据,基于Airy模型和Airy-Pratt模型分别反演了相应剖面的地壳密度结构,发现两剖面的地壳密度呈现一定程度的横向不均匀特性;接着基于上述密度结构和高程数据,利用Airy均衡理论计算了相应剖面的均衡面深度,并进一步比较莫霍面（Moho）和均衡面的差异,计算了剖面的垂向构造应力分布;然后,把上述方法应用到整个东北亚地区,计算了1°采样的21条东西向剖面的垂向构造应力,插值得到整个东北亚地区的垂向构造应力分布.结果表明,东北亚大部分地区垂向构造应力基本为零,总体处于均衡状态,长白山地区垂向构造应力为-15~-25 MPa,日本列岛垂向构造应力为-40~-50 MPa,太平洋海沟垂向构造应力为15~25 MPa;最后,本文运用自由空气重力异常导纳方法,计算了长白山地区的有效弹性厚度（Te）和加载比,发现长白山地区的Te为10 km,表明该地区的岩石圈较为柔软;加载比结果显示,岩石圈初始加载主要来自莫霍面,占总加载的78%,表明长白山的隆升主要源自地幔物质上涌. 相似文献
20.
为评估黄土高原地区地震滑坡致灾区域,提出一种基于模糊信息优化处理的地震滑坡滑距预测方法。在野外调查、室内试验和分析的基础上,对黄土高原的地震滑坡类型、性质和影响因素进行分析。以摩根斯坦-普莱斯法计算黄土边坡的稳定性,建立边坡最小安全系数与影响因素的关系,其影响因素主要包括地震烈度、比高、坡角、容重、内黏聚力、内摩擦角等,并在此基础上得到纯黄土地震滑坡滑距的影响关系。将黄土高原地区数次大震中采集到的93个样本数据进行归纳分析,建立模糊信息优化处理模型。所得的计算结果通过误差校验和与其他滑坡滑距预测方法进行对比,来证明本模型有较高的准确性。最后对天水市22个潜在滑坡的边坡进行滑距预测。 相似文献