共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 390 毫秒
1.
利用三维非静力中尺度模式ARPS,对白洋淀地区水陆非均匀下垫面上大气边界层结构及其变动进行了模拟研究.结果表明,晴天弱背景下,白洋淀地区陆地大气比湿高于水域的情况发生在白天大部分时间内,是普遍存在的一种现象,该现象首先出现在近地层,然后不断向高空延伸,与水陆两种不同的下垫面特征密切相关.由于水陆下垫面的差异,导致水域感热和潜热通量全天较小,变化平稳,而陆地日间感热和潜热通量较大,且潜热高于感热.水陆两地近地层湍流运动状态存在较大差异,湍流输送在水陆比湿空间变动过程中起决定性作用.形成的局地环流同样影响着水陆比湿的空间变动,主要表现在环流上下支对近地层湍流发展以及水汽的垂直输送的影响.陆地上空水汽主要来源于土壤植被的蒸发蒸腾,而来自水域的仅占很少一部分. 相似文献
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3.
本文利用高分辨率中尺度WRF模式,通过改变边界层参数化方案进行多组试验,评估该模式对美国北部森林地区边界层结构的模拟能力,同时比较了五种不同边界层参数化方案模拟得出的边界层热力和动力结构.结果表明：除个别方案外,配合不同边界层方案的WRF模式都能成功模拟出白天对流边界层强湍流混合特征和夜间稳定边界层内强逆温、逆湿和低空急流等热力和动力结构.非局地YSU、ACM2方案在白天表现出强的湍流混合和卷夹,相比于局地MYJ、UW方案,模拟的对流边界层温度更高、湿度更低、混合层高度更高、感热通量更大,更接近实际观测,这表明在不稳定层结下考虑非局地大涡输送更为合理,但局地方案在风速和风向的预报上存在一定优势.TEMF方案得到的白天局地湍流混合强度为所有方案中最弱,混合层难以发展,无法体现对流边界层内气象要素垂直分布均匀的特点.对于夜间稳定边界层的模拟,不同参数化方案之间的差异较小,但是YSU方案在一定程度上高估了机械湍流,导致局地湍流混合偏强,从而影响了其对稳定边界层的模拟能力. 相似文献
4.
为研究夹卷层的湍流特性,用对流槽模拟大气对流边界层并做湍流温度测量.能谱分析表明,混合层湍流谱幂律接近“-5/3”次律;而夹卷层湍流谱幂律有明显的分段特征.利用离散正交小波对其湍流脉动信号进行去噪和尺度分解,将原始信号分成均匀各向同性小尺度涡旋成分和大尺度涡旋成分,并对分解后的信号做能谱分析.结果表明,不论是在混合层还是在夹卷层,小涡都能很好地满足Kolmogorov的“-5/3”次律;而大尺度涡旋则在混合层和夹卷层中表现出不同的特征. 相似文献
5.
沙漠绿洲陆面物理过程和地气相互作用数值模拟 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用一个已发展的陆面物理过程参数化方案与大气边界层数值模式耦合, 模拟了半干旱区沙漠绿洲非均匀下垫面的陆面物理过程及其与大气边界层的相互作用过程, 成功地模拟了局地气候效应和地表温度、净辐射、感热和潜热通量特征并与实测资料进行了比较. 给出“绿洲效应”这一自然现象的垂直剖面上更为清晰准确和细致的结构特征, 结果表明: “绿洲效应”具有明显的“冷岛效应”和“湿岛效应”; 它表现为在绿洲区域比戈壁沙漠区域环境温度低、湿度大、湍流动能输送弱, 具有下沉气流而导致与周围戈壁沙漠区域产生水平输送环流. 这些结果对于深入了解绿洲气候的形成和绿洲的维持机理具有重要的意义. 相似文献
6.
青藏高原地-气过程动力、热力结构综合物理图象 总被引：40，自引：2，他引：40
根据第二次青藏高原大气科学试验（ＴＩＰＥＸ）３个边界层观测基地（改则、当雄。昌都）及相关的卫星、探空、地面等加密观测（ＩＯＰ）资料，综合分析了青藏高原地－气物理过程及其动力学模型，揭示了高原边界层动力学特征和高原湍流运动规律；发现高原边界层低层风向、风速具有多层次变化特征，高原边界层对流混合层较为深厚，高原边界层大气密度远小于平原特征相联系的高原湍流运动“强浮力”效应。高原深厚边界层Ｅｋｍａｎ螺线及高原边界层动力“抽吸泵”效应。研究了高原近地层局地水汽静态分布状况和水汽的侧边界平流输送特征。分析了高原近地层与边界层异常热力结构，其中包括高原强辐射现象、高原中部地面强热源特征等。综合上述青藏高原近地层与行星边界层动力、热力结构特征，提出了描述高原边界层湍流与对流混合机制的综合物理图象。揭示了显著影响中国长江流域洪涝的青藏高原对流云团的生成、发展和移动的特征，给出与高原“爆米花”云系频发相关的湍流运动和对流泡动力、热力结构概念模型。 相似文献
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《中国科学:地球科学》2020,(6)
植被是重要的城市地表覆盖类型之一,它通过蒸散降温和阻挡强冷空气,对城市风温湿大气微环境和污染物扩散特征会产生显著影响.准确预测植被环境流动和标量输运特性,理解植被与大气之间湍流交换过程,对城市环境改善具有重要意义.文章建立和发展了适用于森林植被环境湍流流动和标量场演化仿真计算的大涡模拟方法,将中尺度气象预报模式与微尺度精细大涡模拟方法耦合,利用地表能量平衡关系考虑大气辐射等多物理过程,研究了典型天气条件下复杂森林下垫面大气流动问题.通过考察不同大气稳定度条件下森林植被环境流动发现,在不稳定和稳定大气情况,浮力分别起到增强和抑制大气湍流混合作用,风切变也相应减小和增加.在北京奥林匹克森林公园的多尺度模拟试验中,通过与外场观测结果比较,文章验证了耦合模型可以较好地模拟城市复杂地表上空风速、温度和相对湿度的日变化.尤其是对于风场的模拟,耦合方案明显优于传统中尺度数值模拟,这主要是由于耦合方案既考虑了外部中尺度流动的影响,又通过降尺度方法可以精细分辨城市非均匀地表粗糙元素分布,从而较为精确的复现了城市粗糙子层内复杂大气流动和湍流通量输运. 相似文献
8.
本文利用一个已发展的陆面过程参数化方案与大气边界层模式耦合,模拟了半干旱区绿洲戈壁非均匀下垫面的陆面过程及其与大气边界层的相互作用,给出了“绿洲效应”这一自然现象垂直剖面上更为清晰、准确和细致的结构特征.数值模拟的结果与早前的许多观测实验结论相吻合,即“绿洲效应”具有明显的“冷岛效应”和“湿岛效应”;它表现为在绿洲区域比戈壁沙漠区域环境温度低、湿度大、湍流动能输送弱,具有下沉气流而导致与周围戈壁沙漠区域产生水平输送环流.而更加细致地研究这些现象对于深入了解绿洲气候的形成和绿洲的维持机理具有重要的意义. 相似文献
9.
北京城市大气边界层低层垂直动力和热力特征及其与污染物浓度关系的研究 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：9
利用2001年3月19~29日和2003年8月11~25日中国科学院大气物理研究所325m大气边界层观测塔资料,分析研讨了北京城市大气边界层低层的垂直动力结构特征及其与污染物浓度分布的关系.对比分析了北京城市大气边界层低层不同高度的风、温度和湿度梯度资料、大气湍流和大气化学观测系统资料,综合分析获取了无因次速度、温度湍流方差和湍流通量、湍能分布特征及其与污染物浓度空间分布的关系,同时分析了北京地区沙尘天气过程中城市边界层低层垂直结构特征及其污染物浓度的分布与变化特征.分析结果表明,在不稳定层结条件下,47和120m高度上无因次速度湍流方差和温度湍流方差遵循莫宁-奥布克霍夫相似规律,并给出相应的拟合公式.稳定大气边界层可按层结参数z′/L分成二分区,z′/L<0.1为弱稳定区,此时相似规律可适用,z′/L>0.1为强稳定区,在此区内无因次速度方差随稳定度增大有增大的趋势,而无因次温度方差则保持不变.白天近地层包含了47和120m,而280m已在近地层之上.对2001年3月北京地区一次沙尘天气过程的城市边界层资料分析发现,320m高度上总悬浮颗粒物浓度最高达到913.3μg/m3,在边界层内大气颗粒物从上层向低层输送,这与锋面过境时低空急流从上层向下发展过程并伴随的强下沉运动有关. 相似文献
10.
大气边界层是地球大气重要物理特征之一.干旱气候背景下的大气边界层特征与人们以往对典型大气边界层的认识有很大不同,其形成机制也比较特殊.本文利用冬、夏两季典型时段在极端干旱区敦煌开展的大气边界层和陆面过程综合观测试验,对大气边界层厚度与净辐射、地-气温差和感热通量等陆面热力因素的日变化特征进行了对比分析,研究了大气边界层的发展和维持衰退过程与陆面热力和动力过程的关系,发现发展过程消耗的能量要比维持衰退过程高得多,而且进入残余层后对流边界层发展对陆面热力作用更敏感,发展也更迅速.风速的动力作用对大气边界层发展也有一定的影响,尤其对冬季稳定大气边界层影响较大.极强的陆面热力作用是我国干旱区形成深厚大气边界层的主导因素. 相似文献
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In this study,the characteristics of turbulence transport and intermittency and the evolutionary mechanisms were studied in different pollution stages of heavy haze weather from December 2016 to January 2017 in the Beijing area using the method developed by Ren et al.(2019) as the automatic identification of atmospheric spectral gaps and the reconstruction of atmospheric turbulence sequences.The results reveal that turbulence intermittency is the strongest in the cumulative stage(CS)of heavy haze weather,followed by in the transport stage(TS),and it is the weakest in the dissipation stage(DS).During the development and accumulation of haze pollution,buoyancy contributes negatively to turbulent kinetic energy(TKE),and horizontal wind speed is low.The classical turbulent motion is often affected by submesoscale motion.As a result,the calculation results of turbulence parameters are affected by submesoscale motion,which causes intensified turbulence intermittency.During the dissipation of pollution,the downward momentum transfer induced by low-level jets provides kinetic energy for turbulent motion in the near surface layer.The turbulent mixing effect is enhanced,and intermittency is weakened.Due to the intermittency of atmospheric turbulence,turbulence parameters calculated from the original fluctuation of meteorological elements may be overestimated.The overestimation of turbulence parameters in the CS is the strongest,followed by the TS,and the DS is the weakest.The overestimation of turbulent fluxes results in an overestimation of atmospheric dissipation capability that may cause an underestimation of pollutant concentrations in the numerical simulations of air quality. 相似文献
12.
Robust classification for the joint velocity‐intermittency structure of turbulent flow over fixed and mobile bedforms 
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下载免费PDF全文 Christopher J. Keylock Arvind Singh Jeremy G. Venditti Efi Foufoula‐Georgiou 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2014,39(13):1717-1728
Two datasets of turbulence velocities collected over different bedform types under contrasting experimental conditions show similarity in terms of velocity‐intermittency characteristics and suggest a universality to the velocity‐intermittency structure for flow over bedforms. One dataset was obtained by sampling flow over static bedforms in different locations, and the other was based on a static position but mobile bedforms. A flow classification based on the velocity‐intermittency behaviour is shown to reveal some differences from that based on an analysis of Reynolds stresses, boundary layer correlation and turbulent kinetic energy. This may be attributed to the intermittency variable, which captures the local effect of individual turbulent flow structures. Locations in the wake region or the outer layer of the flow are both shown to have a velocity‐intermittency behaviour that departs from that for idealized wakes or outer layer flow because of the superposition of localized flow structures generated by bedforms. The combined effect of this yields a velocity‐intermittency structure unique to bedform flow. The use of a time series of a single velocity component highlights the potential power of our approach for field, numerical and laboratory studies. The further validation of the velocity‐intermittency method for non‐idealized flows undertaken here suggests that this technique can be used for flow classification purposes in geomorphology, hydraulics, meteorology and environmental fluid mechanics. © 2014 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. 相似文献
13.
Robert M. Banta 《Acta Geophysica》2008,56(1):58-87
This paper reviews results from two field studies of the nocturnal stable atmospheric boundary layer (SBL) over the Great
Plains of the United States. Data from a scanning remote-sensing system, a High-Resolution Doppler Lidar (HRDL), provided
measurements of mean and turbulent wind components at high spatial and temporal resolution through the lowest 500–1000 m of
the atmosphere. This data set has allowed the characteristics of the low-level jet (LLJ) maximum (speed, height, direction)
to be documented through entire nights. LLJs form after sunset and produce strong shear in the layer below the LLJ maximum
or nose, which is a source of turbulence and mixing in the SBL. Simultaneous HRDL measurements of turbulence quantities related
to turbulence kinetic energy (TKE) has allowed the turbulence in the subjet layer to be related to LLJ properties. Turbulence
structure was found to be a function of the bulk stability of the subjet layer. For the strong-LLJ (> 15 m s−1), weakly stable cases the strength of the turbulence is proportional to the strength of the LLJ. For these cases with nearly
continuous turbulence in the subjet layer, low-level jet scaling, in which lengths are scaled by the LLJ height and velocity
variables are scaled by the LLJ speed, was found to be appropriate. For the weak-wind (< 5 m s−1 in the lowest 200 m), very stable boundary layer (vSBL), the boundary layer was found to be very shallow (sometimes < 10
m deep), and turbulent fluxes between the earth’s surface and the atmosphere were found to be essentially shut down. For more
intermediate wind speeds and stabilities, the SBL shows varying degrees of intermittency due to various mechanisms, including
shearinstability and other gravity waves, density currents, and other mesoscale disturbances. 相似文献
14.
The SOFIA (Surface of the Ocean: Flux and Interaction with the Atmosphere) experiment, included in the ASTEX (Atlantic Stratocumulus Transition EXperiment) field program, was conducted in June 1992 in the Azores region in order to investigate air-sea exchanges, as well as the structure of the atmospheric boundary layer and its capping low-level cloud cover. We present an analysis of the vertical structure of the marine atmospheric boundary layer (MABL), and especially of its turbulence characteristics, deduced from the aircraft missions performed during SOFIA. The meteorological situations were characteristic of a temperate latitude under anticyclonic conditions, i.e., with weak to moderate winds, weak surface sensible heat flux, and broken capping low-altitude cloud cover topped by a strong trade inversion. We show that the mixed layer, driven by the surface fluxes, is decoupled from the above cloud layer. Although weak, the surface buoyancy flux, and the convective velocity scale deduced from it, are relevant for scaling the turbulence moments. The mixed layer then follows the behavior of a continental convective boundary layer, with the exception of the entrainment process, which is weak in the SOFIA data. These results are confirmed by conditional sampling analysis, which shows that the major turbulence source lies in the buoyant moist updrafts at the surface. 相似文献
15.
A new multi-telescope scanning Raman lidar designed to measure the water vapor mixing ratio in the atmospheric boundary layer for a complete diurnal cycle with high resolution spatial (1.25 m) and temporal (1 s) resolutions is presented. The high resolution allows detailed measurements of the lower atmosphere and offers new opportunities for evaporation and boundary layer research, atmospheric profiling and visualization. This lidar utilizes a multi-telescope design that provides for an operational range with a nearly constant signal-to-noise ratio, which allows for statistical investigations of atmospheric turbulence. This new generation ground-based water vapor Raman lidar is described, and first observations from the Turbulent Atmospheric Boundary Layer Experiment (TABLE) are presented. Direct comparison with in-situ point measurements obtained during the field campaign demonstrate the ability of the lidar to reliably measure the water vapor mixing ratio. Horizontal measurements taken with time are used to determine the geometric characteristics of coherent structures. Vertical scans are used to visualize nocturnal jet features, layered structures within a stably stratified atmosphere and the internal boundary layer structure over a lake. 相似文献
16.
S. G. Gopalakrishnan Frank Freedman Maithili Sharan T. V. B. P. S. Rama Krishna 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2005,162(10):1795-1809
With the exception of intermittency and waves, a brief review of the observed and modeled mean structure of the nocturnal boundary layer (NBL) is presented. The effect of gentle slopes on strong and weak wind NBL was investigated here using a one-dimensional model, with a simple correction term to account for the slope effects, identical to the one used by Brost and Wyngaard (1978). The study indicates that the wind profiles, temperature profiles and surface layer turbulence characteristics are extremely sensitive to the imposed geostrophic wind when small slopes are present especially for light winds. This is due to the complex interaction between the buoyancy driven slope flow and the imposed geostrophic wind that in turn influence the shear generation of turbulence. Finally, the current issues in the modeling of weak wind boundary layer are discussed. 相似文献
17.
Double-averaging methodology and its application to turbulent flow in and above vegetation canopies 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Double averaged equations for atmospheric boundary layer flows are introduced as natural extensions of single averaged Reynolds equations. We show that in circumstances where double averaged equations are needed, the two fundamental properties of Reynolds averaging are violated. First, we consider double-averaging in free air turbulence, where the aim is to separate coherent motions from background turbulence. We illustrate the different properties of the main operators that have been used and the physical meaning of the terms that result. Second, in canopy flows, the multiply connected nature of the canopy airspace leads to a different set of departures from the standard Reynolds equations. We establish the physical meaning of the extra terms that arise. Finally we briefly discuss the problems, both practical and theoretical, that arise when we use double averaged equations to interpret real data. 相似文献
18.
While rainfall intermittency is a dynamical phenomenon, little progress has been made in the literature on the link between rainfall intermittency and atmospheric dynamics. We present the basic dynamical models of intermittency that are phenomenologically most similar to rainfall: Pomeau–Manneville Type-III and On–Off. We then illustrate each type with both a 1-D iterative map and a corresponding stochastic process stressing the appearance of these dynamics in high-dimensional (stochastic) systems as opposed to low-dimensional chaotic systems. We show that the pdf of rainfall intensities, the pdf of “laminar phases” (periods of zero rainfall intensity), and the spectrum of the rainfall series all have power-law behavior that is broadly consistent with intermittency in the classic types. Using a seasonal analysis, we find that summer convective rainfall at daily and sub-daily scales seems consistent with features of Type-III intermittency. The correspondence with Type-III intermittency and a preliminary entropic analysis further suggest that rainfall may be an example of sporadic randomness, blending deterministic and stochastic components. 相似文献
19.
For a patchy snow cover the advective heat transport and the near-surface boundary layer decoupling, which have an opposite effect on sensible heat transport onto the snow surface, are both expected to increase in magnitude. The main aim of this study is to investigate the effects of locally developing atmospheric stratification over a discontinuous snow cover which can result in a decoupling from the warm atmosphere. We are particularly interested in the effect of boundary layer decoupling on the net sensible heat flux into the snow. We therefore applied local eddy flux measurements over snow patches at three different heights above the snow surface. We identified wind velocity, turbulence intensity, fetch distance and topographical curvature as the main factors driving the boundary layer depth and the efficiency of advective heat transport to contribute to snow ablation. The atmospheric decoupling is thus shown to be a key mechanism in snow patch survival. 相似文献
20.
We examine the potential of the MST (mesosphere-stratosphere-troposphere) radar technique for obtaining detailed information on the middle atmosphere. This technique-which uses very sensitive coherent VHF and UHF radars-is capable of detecting signal returns arising from weak fluctuations in the atmospheric refractive index. With certain limitations the MST technique is capable of continually observing winds, waves, turbulence and atmospheric stability over the height range 1–100 km with good-to-excellent time and space resolution. We examine the relatively large body of literature that has been written over the past few years and outline some aspects of a promising future. 相似文献