共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 156 毫秒
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采用高渗透压渗流试验装置,模拟已被污染的浅层地下水越流通过弱透水层污染深层地下水的过程,研究不同矿化度、不同pH条件下有机污染物（菲）通过饱和黏性土弱透水层时的质量浓度变化特征。结果表明：矿化度的增加有利于弱透水层吸附截留渗滤液中的菲;高矿化度水中的Na+交替土层中的Ca2+、Mg2+,使水中的Ca2+、Mg2+质量浓度增加,与HCO-3、菲组合形成络合物;不同pH条件下,Ca2+、Mg2+、HCO-3对菲的迁移有阻滞作用,SO2-4参与还原反应并可与菲形成络合物,对菲迁移有促进作用。菲在弱透水层中的迁移能力很弱,衰减率达82％～96％,高渗透压下菲的污染锋面迁移速度为0.714 m/d,pH=8时菲通过弱透水层的迁移质量浓度最小。控制渗滤液的pH、组分可有效阻止菲在弱透水层中的迁移。 相似文献
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为了研究硝酸盐在不同Eh条件下通过弱透水层的迁移机理及转化形式,用天然黏土作为渗透介质弱透水层,在高渗透压条件下进行室内实验,模拟地下水中硝酸盐通过弱透水层的迁移转化过程。结果表明：单位质量黏土截污容量为1.45 mg/g,阻截率R=92%,不同Eh条件下（Eh分别为0、-100、-200 mV）弱透水层对硝酸盐的阻截能力都很强;低氧化还原电位有利于弱透水层吸附硝酸盐。弱透水层中硝酸盐的转化途径表明,弱透水层对硝酸盐的阻截能力很强,是微孔隙截留作用、机械过滤、离子吸附、协同吸附以及较弱的微生物共同作用的结果。 相似文献
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为研究渗透水pH 值对有机磷通过弱透水黏土层迁移转化的影响规律,采用黏性土层充压渗透装置模拟污染潜水中有机磷渗透通过弱透水层的迁移转化过程。研究发现,有机磷组分通过弱透水层的迁移能力总体较弱,不同pH 值条件下有机磷的矿化率为93. 5% ～ 99. 95%; 在进水pH 值为5. 5 ～ 8. 5 时,进水pH 值越高,土层中磷酸酶的活性也越高,降解转化有机磷的能力也越强; 黏土对有机磷的阻滞能力也增强。进水pH 值为5. 5 时,迁移率为6. 5%; 当pH 达到8. 5 时,矿化率明显增加,迁移率＜ 0. 05%,使其不易渗入深层地下水引起污染。 相似文献
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厚度大且为强-弱-强渗透性组合的覆盖层在我国西南河流中分布较广。为研究此类夹层型水文地质结构覆盖层中坝基渗流场的特征及其影响因素,利用Visual MODFLOW模拟了给定覆盖层厚度下强弱渗透性层组的不同渗透性比值、不同厚度比值,和变覆盖层厚度下不同弱透水层厚度这两种类型16种工况下的渗流场,通过监测坝基渗流场中弱透水层顶底板的水头差和水力坡度,研究弱透水层渗透性和厚度对渗流场的影响。结果表明:强-弱-强夹层型水文地质结构的坝基平面渗流场受上层强透水覆盖层性质控制;给定覆盖层厚度工况中,弱透水层顶底板的水头差与强弱透水层渗透性比值相关,两者先表现出正相关的关系,当强弱透水层渗透性比值大于500时,弱透水层顶底板的水头差变化不再明显;变覆盖层厚度工况中,弱透水层顶底板的水头差也呈现出先增大后趋于稳定的趋势,转折点发生在弱透水层厚度20m的工况条件下;变覆盖层厚度工况中水力坡度则有着随着弱透水层厚度增大而变小的规律。综上所述,在夹层型水文地质结构中,弱透水层厚度与渗透性对渗流场起控制作用。研究结果可为深厚覆盖层河谷区的水电水利工程坝基水害防治提供依据。 相似文献
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地面沉降模型是地面沉降研究的重要内容,由于弱透水层的变形量占地层全部变形量的比重较大,因此对弱透水层固结模型的研究是地面沉降模型研究中的重要部分。笔者通过对深部弱透水层中粘性土孔隙水类型进行分析,得出深度弱透水层中孔隙水类型并对该类型孔隙水变形特性进行了研究,总结出深部弱透水层固结机理。在机理分析的基础上,提出采用非达西流计算模式对深部弱透水层计算模型进行了修正,并提出了深部弱透水层固结计算模型建议：孔隙水类型主要为扩散层内结合水时,可以采用利用非达西流修正的太沙基固结方程对深部弱透水层变形进行计算,可以参考给出的采用非达西定律修正过的一维固结方程 孔隙水类型主要为吸附结合水时,可以利用弹性本构关系模型对深部弱透水层进行变形计算。 相似文献
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深厚覆盖层坝基往往都是强弱互层结构,坝基中存在弱透水层。弱透水层既是隔水层又是软弱夹层,是否利用其作为控渗依托层关系到工程难度、进度及成本。绝大多数工程都将全封闭式防渗体作为控渗首选方案,保守的设计理念导致采用半封闭式防渗体控渗的工程少之又少。西藏多布水电站采用土工膜-防渗墙-弱透水层三位一体半封闭式联合防渗体,在国内外少见,具有一定代表性,其防渗效果具有重要的参考价值和借鉴意义。本文基于详细的地质构造资料,以非饱和土体渗流、比奥固结理论和土体的非线性流变理论为基础,考虑土体水力学及土力学参数随双场耦合的动态变化关系,借助ADINA建立流固耦合模型,全方位分析多布水电站的渗流场、应力场,以及弱透水层的承载力和液化性。研究表明:土工膜-防渗墙-弱透水层三位一体半封闭式防渗体能有效降低渗透速度、渗流量和抑制渗透坡降,各渗流参量满足控渗要求;大坝及防渗墙的水平位移、沉降和应力相对悬挂式防渗体有一定增大,需提高防渗墙的强度。弱透水层是防渗体系中最重要的部分,经分析弱透水层承载力满足要求,且不会发生液化。对比分析三种防渗体系,多布水电站现采取的土工膜-防渗墙-弱透水层三位一体半封闭式联合防渗体是最佳方案,可减小防渗墙深度近193m。该研究成果对类似工程具有重要的参考价值和借鉴意义。 相似文献
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通过对一个滨海多层含水层系统的考察,该含水层系统由上、下弱透水层和介于中间的承压含水层组成,海底露头处被淤泥层覆盖.建立了描述该系统中地下水水头随潮汐波动的数学模型,并得到其解析解.该解析解与六个基本参数有关,分别是承压含水层的海潮传播参数,淤泥层的无量纲透水系数,上下弱透层与承压含水层贮水率的比率 (无量纲)和上下弱透层的无量纲越流.当这些参数取某些特殊值时,我们的解便化简为前人考虑的几种简单情形对应的解.分析表明,承压含水层中地下水水头波幅是上、下弱透水层贮水率和越流系数的减函数,是淤泥层相对透水系数的增函数;波动相位(时滞)是上、下弱透水层贮水率和越流系数的增函数,是淤泥层相对透水系数的减函数. 相似文献
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《岩土力学》2017,(5):1359-1364
弱透水层是含水层系统的重要组成部分,要准确计算弱透水层释水量和变形量需事先确定弱透水层的渗透系数和贮水率值。基于一维含水层系统概念模型,在相邻含水层降深随时间线性增大的边界条件下,推得了无量纲形式的弱透水层降深解析解,分析了弱透水层中滞后降深消散规律。根据水量均衡方程得到了弱透水层累计压缩变形量随时间变化的标准曲线,并提出了一种配线法用以确定弱透水层的渗透系数和贮水率,该配线法能够反映弱透水层释水变形过程的滞后性。以上海含水层系统为例,运用配线法确定了f_(10-7)分层标处第2弱透水层的渗透系数为4.26×10~(-10)m/s,贮水率为2.22×10~(-4)m~(-1)。对于具有长序列变形和水位观测资料的含水层系统,该方法具有一定的适用性。 相似文献
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本文研究了层状结构边坡体中,相对弱透水层对其中地下水运动的作用。在这类边坡体中,当地下水位整体下降,且相对弱透水层的渗透性小于相邻透水层一定倍数时,则不同渗透性地层内的水位下降速度不一致,最终就会造成垂直剖面上水位的不连续现象。对这种现象的形成过程,文中提出了一个在垂直二维剖面上的有限元近似模拟方法,并用于一个实际例子的计算。结果表明,在层状结构边坡体中,相对弱透水层的存在对其中的地下水位分布有着不可忽视的影响;同时,计算结果也证实了所提出的有限元模拟方法是切实可行的。 相似文献
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The drainage of the aquitard and its implication for groundwater exploitation in Hengshui City 
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下载免费PDF全文 SU Chen WANG Ying ZHENG Zhao-xian CHENG Zhong-shuang CHEN jiang HAO Qi-chen 《地下水科学与工程》2018,6(2):84-91
The deformation and the drainage of the aquitard is the main concern in the North China Plain(NCP), and the water released from aquitard compaction may be a large portion of the exploited groundwater. The skeletal specific storage of aquitard is the element parameter to the drainage of aquitard, and the undisturbed core samples are the best choice for the measurement of the physical parameters. In this study, the consolidation test was employed to analyze the skeleton specific storage of the clay sample drilled from Hengshui City, and the contribution from the drainage of aquitard to the groundwater exploitation. The results suggest the consolidation test can be utilized to understand the skeletal specific storage of aquitard, which is about 3.92×10-4 m-1 in the Hengshui. The water-saturation content of the aquitard was less than 100%, and the amount of the drainage of the aquitard was about 69% of the volume of land subsidence. The water released from aquitard compaction was about 35% of the groundwater exploitation to the deep aquifers. 相似文献
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ZHUANG Chao Lü Chenyang YAN Long LI Yabing ZHOU Zhifang WANG Jinguo DOU Zhi Walter A. ILLMAN 《《地质学报》英文版》2024,98(2):477-490
In groundwater hydrology, aquitard heterogeneity is often less considered compared to aquifers, despite its significant impact on groundwater hydraulics and groundwater resources evaluation. A semi-analytical solution is derived for pumping-induced well hydraulics and groundwater budget with consideration of vertical heterogeneity in aquitard hydraulic conductivity (K) and specific storage (Ss). The proposed new solution is innovative in its partitioning of the aquitard into multiple homogeneous sub-layers to enable consideration of various forms of vertically heterogeneous K or Ss. Two scenarios of analytical investigations are explored: one is the presence of aquitard interlayers with distinct K or Ss values, a common field-scale occurrence; another is an exponentially depth-decaying aquitard Ss, a regional-scale phenomenon supported by statistical analysis. Analytical investigations reveal that a low-K interlayer can significantly increase aquifer drawdown and enhance aquifer/aquitard depletion; a high-Ss interlayer can noticeably reduce aquifer drawdown and increase aquitard depletion. Locations of low-K or high-Ss interlayers also significantly impact well hydraulics and groundwater budget. In the context of an exponentially depth-decaying aquitard Ss, a larger decay exponent can enhance aquifer drawdown. When using current models with a vertically homogeneous aquitard, half the sum of the geometric and harmonic means of exponentially depth-decaying aquitard Ss should be used to calculate aquitard depletion and unconfined aquifer leakage. 相似文献
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Groundwater flow in a peninsula or an elongated island is influenced by tidal fluctuations on both sides of the peninsula or island, which is named as dual tidal fluctuations. In this study, semianalytical solutions of transient groundwater flow in response to dual tidal fluctuations in an aquifer–aquitard system were presented for cases with and without the aquitard storage. These solutions were first derived using the Laplace transform and subsequently computed by the Fourier series numerical inverse Laplace transform. The derived solutions were found to agree very well with the results of numerical simulations by MODFLOW. The solution ignoring the aquitard storage approached the quasi‐steady state solution quickly when the mean sea level initial condition was used. The solutions with and without the aquitard storage were nearly the same at the early time and were separated from each other during the intermediate time, and the difference of solutions became constant at late time for small aquifer/aquitard storativity ratio and large tidal frequency. The propagation bias, which is the departure from the theoretical ratio of tidal attenuation to tidal lag, was enhanced not only with increase of the dimensionless specific leakage (aquitard/aquifer hydraulic conductance ratio) but also with decrease of the aquifer/aquitard storativity ratio and with the increase of the dimensionless tidal frequency. The solution with the aquitard storage was more sensitive to these three parameters. The newly developed solutions were capable of handling realistic initial conditions that might be approximated by piecewise linear functions. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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弱透水层储存的地下水是地下水资源的重要组成部分,弱透水层水文地质参数对地下水资源管理与评价以及地面沉降等具有重要意义。通过室内试验对定降深条件下弱透水层水流运移规律进行了研究,并探讨了弱透水层释水过程中的变形规律和释水规律。试验结果表明,在相邻含水层定降深条件下,弱透水层固结变形滞后于相邻含水层的降深变化,且变形速度逐渐变小并趋于零。基于室内试验,利用配线法求得弱透水层不同应力状态下的水文地质参数,对比分析,大变形和小变形试验中土层的渗透系数变化不大,但贮水率明显变小,土层的固结系数变大。因此,土层的应力历史对土层的渗透系数影响不大,而对贮水率有较大的影响。 相似文献
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弱透水层与含水层相互作用是国际水文地质学界关注的热点问题,特别是黏性土弱透水层与孔隙含水层的相互作用。近年来,在自然沉积、过量开采地下水、现代化农业机械与建筑业重型机械应用等自然与人为活动影响下,黏土弱透水层会发生有效应力增加、孔隙结构变形和孔隙度减少、渗透性降低、溶解氧和贮水能力减少以及侧向和垂向排水等的压实作用,导致地下水污染、地面沉降等环境问题的发生。本文重点介绍了黏性土弱透水层压实作用的原理,分析了地下水系统中4种不同状态下沉积物压实与孔隙流体压力的关系,基于压实物理模拟和数值模拟两个方面对压实作用的研究方法与技术进行了系统总结,随后探讨了压实作用下黏性土弱透水层对地下水水量与水质的影响,并对此研究的发展趋势及其在地球科学、环境科学等研究领域的潜在应用提出了展望。 相似文献
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Tatsuhiro Nishikiori Takejiro Takamatsu Ayato Kohzu Yasuhiro Nakajima Mirai Watanabe 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2012,67(5):1531-1545
Geological and geographical parameters including land use, stratigraphic structure, groundwater quality, and N- and O-isotopic compositions of nitrate in groundwater were investigated to elucidate the mechanism of groundwater pollution by NO3 ? in the agricultural area of Katori, Chiba, Japan. An aquitard distributed in the western part of the study area has produced two unconfined aquifers. The average concentrations of NO3 ? and dissolved oxygen (DO) were high in the aquifer above the aquitard (7.5 and 7.6 mg/L, respectively) and in the aquifer of the eastern part of the study area that was not influenced by the aquitard (11.9 and 7.8 mg/L, respectively); however, the levels in the aquifer under the aquitard were relatively low (2.2 and 3.7 mg/L, respectively). The δ15N and δ18O values of NO3 ? generally increased exponentially in the groundwater that flowed into the aquifer under the aquitard as the concentration of NO3 ? decreased, although this decrease in NO3 ? also occasionally occurred without isotopic changes. These results indicated that the aquitard prevented the penetration of NO3 ?, DO, and gaseous O2. Under the aquitard, denitrification and dilution with unpolluted water that entered from natural forested areas reduced the NO3 ? concentrations in the groundwater. The major sources of NO3 ? in groundwater in the study area were estimated to be NH4-chemical fertilizer, livestock waste, and manure. 相似文献
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弱透水层是含水层系统的重要组成部分,其水文地质参数的准确获取一直以来都是研究难点,传统室内试验难以克服应力状态及环境变化对土层参数的影响,因此如何在原位状态下评价其水文地质参数有着重要意义。选取呼和浩特盆地某淤泥层为研究对象,基于抽水试验和溶质运移试验获得的多源数据,采用基于控制体积有限差分法的非结构化网格（Unstructured Grid）方法,建立三维地下水流-溶质运移耦合模型,对弱透水层水文地质参数进行反演。结果显示:模型计算的抽水井中水位和溶质浓度变化规律与实际观测数据能够较好拟合,模型识别出的抽水含水层渗透参数（4.8 m/d）与通过解析法计算得出的结果（4.17 m/d）相近,建立的数值模型符合实际水文地质条件;反演得到淤泥质弱透水层垂向渗透系数为1.2×10?4 m/d、储水率为1.0×10?5 m?1。基于多源数据的参数反演方法可为弱透水层参数研究提供借鉴。 相似文献