共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 193 毫秒
1.
浑善达克沙地全新世沉积特征与环境演变 总被引：44，自引：9，他引：44
浑善达克沙地全新世沉积主要有风成砂－古土壤和河湖相－古土壤－风成砂沉积序列，其中保存了大量粒度，化学元素，孢粉及披毛犀化石等环境变化证据。据此可把全新世气候划分为８个旋迥，经历了升温波动期（１０～７．１ｋａＢ．Ｐ．）、温暖期（７．１～３．２ｋａＢ．Ｐ．）和温干冷干频繁波动期（３．２ｋａＢ．Ｐ．至今）三个演变阶段。 相似文献
2.
晚冰期以来毛乌素沙漠环境特征的湖沼相沉积记录 总被引：24，自引：8，他引：16
毛乌素沙漠南缘靖边海则滩湖沼相沉积剖面,真实地记录了晚冰期以来东亚季风气候和沙漠演化历史。在地层沉积相划分和测年基础上,据地球化学元素和孢粉等气候指标分析表明,该区古气候变迁序列为：１２ｋａＢＰ前干燥寒冷;１２～１０ｋａＢＰ气候转暖湿;１０～８．５ｋａＢＰ以温湿为主,在１０～９．５ｋａＢＰ出现ＹｏｕｎｇｅｒＤｒｙａｓ冷干事件;８．５～３．０ｋａＢＰ温暖湿润;３．０ｋａＢＰ后气候趋于半干旱与现代气候较接近。这种气候演化规律是受地球轨道因素影响,通过东亚冬夏季风的强弱变化来实现的 相似文献
3.
通过对东南极普里兹湾陆坡区ＮＰ９５－１及西南极长城湾ＮＧ９３－１两柱样系统的环境磁学研究，获得了南极地区１５．０～５．５ｋａＢ．Ｐ．以来的古气候变化序列。结果表明，磁学参数较好地记录了古气候变化及沉积环境变化的信息。ＮＰ９５－１柱样较好地记录了Ｈｅｉｎｒｉｃｈ１事件、新仙女木事件以及波令－阿罗德暖期，其中Ｈｅｉｎｒｉｃｈ１事件发生于１４．３ｋａＢ．Ｐ．，新仙女木冷期为１１．７～１０．３ｋａＢ．Ｐ．，１０．３ｋａＢ．Ｐ．以后，南极地区进入全新世。在全新世，两柱样记录了在１０．０ｋａＢ．Ｐ．及６．０ｋａＢ．Ｐ．前后两个暖期，其间夹有小幅气温下调的时段；６．０ｋａＢ．Ｐ．后，两柱样均有气候颤动变冷的记录。 相似文献
4.
5.
对南极普里兹湾ＮＰ９５１柱样的元素地球化学特征及其古环境意义进行了研究。结果表明，本区沉积物在沉积过程中受冰盖消融、淡水涌入和陆源物质的影响较大；沉积物中ＳｉＯ２、Ａｌ２Ｏ３、Ｆｅ２Ｏ３、ＣａＯ、ＭｇＯ、Ｐ、Ｓ、Ｃｏｒｇ等元素组分较好地记录了由古气候变化而引起的物源改变，这些元素组分在地层中的分布规律与古海洋沉积环境及古气候变迁相一致；自晚更新世末期以来的气候大致可分为温暖期、寒冷期、高温期、转冷期和转暖期五个区段；在柱样的１４５ｃｍ（１４．４ｋａＢ．Ｐ．）、８５ｃｍ（１０．３ｋａＢ．Ｐ．）和２５ｃｍ（６．３ｋａＢ．Ｐ．）处出现了古气温的高值点，指示了气候的变化；８５ｃｍ处元素含量的突变指示了异常事件的发生，该层位正好对应于哥德堡地球磁场漂移，全球气温突然变暖，标志着１０．３ｋａＢ．Ｐ．以后南极地区进入了全新世。 相似文献
6.
毛乌素沙地全新世地层化学元素特点及其古气候意义 总被引：13，自引：6，他引：13
系统采集毛乌素沙地东、西部各一个全新世地层剖面样品作全量化学分析。根据景观地球化学特征的变化，推论一万年以来气候的变化过程：１０．５—１０ｋａ，Ｂ．Ｐ．、６—５０ｋａ，Ｂ．Ｐ．、３．５ｋａ，Ｂ．Ｐ．、２．５ｋａ，Ｂ．Ｐ．和１．５—１ｋａ，Ｂ．Ｐ．期间分别为化学风化较强，钠、钾淋失较多，而钙、镁、铝、铁、钛相对富集的相对湿润时期；夹于其间的则是化学风化较弱，钠钾相对富集，相对干燥的风化活动时期。 相似文献
7.
试论第四纪晚期中国古人类三次迁移与气候变化 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6
本文整理了旧石器晚期以来石陶文化的特征，提出了一个“第四纪晚期中国古人类三次迁移”猜想，即五万年以来中国古文化发生过三次南北大融合；第一次，５０ｋａＢＰ－４０ｋａＢＰ，南民北移；第二次，１８ｋａＢＰ－１３ｋａＢＰ，北民南移；，第三次，１０ｋａＢＰ－８．３ｋａＢＰ，南民又北移，成为中原新石器文化的南源；以瓦皮岩人迁到关中为典型，促进了中原新石器文化的敏荣和中华文明的兴起。 相似文献
8.
祁连山东段北麓近10ka来的气候变化初步研究 总被引：14，自引：4，他引：10
磁化率、碳酸钙含量和有机碳含量可用作良好的气候指标,主要是反映了降水量的变化。祁连山东段北麓哈溪剖面研究表明,９５６０ａＢ．Ｐ．时本区已进入全新世。大暖期是对温度而言,与气候适宜期是不同的概念,二者在时间上也不一定是同时的。本区的气候适宜期为６．８～３．６ｋａＢ．Ｐ．,气候最宜期为５．０～３．６ｋａＢ．Ｐ．,与其它记录有不同之处。在７．８～７．２ｋａＢ．Ｐ．和１．５～０．８ｋａＢ．Ｐ．间出现了“冷湿”的气候组合,这与传统的气候组合不同,但后一阶段的“冷湿”是有大量证据的。９．０～８．７ｋａＢ．Ｐ．间是全新世最干旱的时段,堆积了砂黄土。 相似文献
9.
河西走廊平原区全新世河流阶地对气候变化的响应 总被引：21，自引：4，他引：21
河西走廓的古洋河，黑河，北大河和疏勒不可在平原发育了两级阶地，根据＾１４Ｃ测年数据，低阶地形成于５．５７－３．１５ｋａＢ．Ｐ．，高阶地形成于１１－８ｋｇＢ．Ｐ．，在８－６ｋａＢ．Ｐ．之间为河流下切期。 相似文献
10.
从沉积重矿物与土壤养分特点看毛乌素沙地全新世环境变迁 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7
根据全新世沉积重矿物组合与古土壤养分分析的结果，认为毛乌素沙地全新世沉积环境有过多次正逆变化：１１－１０ｋａＢ。Ｐ．、８５００－５０００ａＢ，Ｐ．、４０００－３５００ａＢ．Ｐ．、２７００－２０００ａＢ，Ｐ．以及１５００－１０００ａＢ．Ｐ．时期气候较为潮湿，土壤、植被发育较好，化学风化作用较强，风沙活动受到限制，为相对低能的沉积环境。介于其间的时期则分别为机械风化作用占优势的高能沉积环境，土壤风蚀严重，气候较为干燥。 相似文献
11.
中国干旱、半干旱区末次冰期以来气候变化规律 总被引：18，自引：11，他引：7
以临夏塬堡末次冰期中晚期黄土剖面为基础,选用我国干旱、半干旱区末次冰期以来同期异相或同期同相的气候记录与研究剖面进行对比分析后表明：位于西风气流控制的新疆地区全新世气候总体表现为偏干偏冷,晚期较为温暖的特点．其气候波动的幅度和频率较低。而位于季风环流控制的其它地区．全新世气候变化反映了同样的变化规律,即早全新世的升温波动期、中全新世的温暖稳定期和晚全新世的变冷期,其气候波动的幅度和频率较快。而无论是西风气流控制的新疆地区,还是季风环流影响的其它我国干旱、半干旱区,末次冰期气候变化均表现为早晚期的干冷期和中期的温湿期,尽管其干冷和温湿的程度不尽相同。 相似文献
12.
新疆若干地区全新世环境演变经历了早期凉、中期温暖湿润、晚期干冷偏旱的演变过程。而每阶段又各有不同时间尺度的小气候波动。新疆全新世气候变迁过程与全球气候波动规律基本一致,但具有明显的地区性特征。早全新世的现代构造运动深刻地影响着新疆内的自然环境的演变。中全新世以温暖湿润的气候为主要特色,晚全新世是干旱迅速发展时期,也是整个新疆全新世发展史上极为重要的一页。对新疆若干平原、山麓及山区不同时期各种沉积相的研究表明;整个全新世虽存在着干旱与湿润、冰期与间冰期的变化,但总的趋势向着更为干旱的方向发展。这些结果为未来气候预测和生产投资提供了重要的信息。 相似文献
13.
George L. Smith 《Journal of Paleolimnology》1997,18(3):249-260
Ostracodes document a series of late Quaternary climatic and limnologic changes within the Lake Winnebago basin of east-central Wisconsin. Using a 14 C, 137Cs, and 210Pb-based geochronology, Lake Winnebago ostracode abundances were compared to regional patterns of ostracode biogeography and the paleontological, sedimentological, and geochemical records of Elk Lake (Clearwater County), Minnesota, in order to interpret past temperature and hydrochemical changes in Lake Winnebago. Lake Winnebago sediments contain five major ostracode species, Candona ohioensis, Candona rawsoni, Cytherissa lacustris, Limnocythere verrucosa, and Physocypria pustulosa. In combination with sedimentology and geochronology, variations in the abundances of these species allow the late Quaternary record of the Lake Winnebago basin to be subdivided into five major climatic intervals: (1) glacial to post-glacial (15.5–11.0 ka), (2) cold and variable immediate post-glacial (11.0–10.4 ka), (3) warmer and wet early Holocene (10.4–7.8 ka), (4) warm but not particularly dry middle Holocene (7.8–4.2 ka), and (5) warm and moist late Holocene (4.2 ka-present). 相似文献
14.
The ancient agriculture in the southern Levant is very much dependant on the interaction between the geological and geomorphological characteristics of the desert environment and the arid climatic conditions. Field observations and luminescence dating in the Negev Highlands, southern Israel, indicate that deposition of fluvio-loess sediments occurred mainly during the late Pleistocene glacial period. These sediments, which were transformed into loessy soil, support a high natural biomass and have an agricultural potential. Major soil erosion started after 27 ka, exposing bedrock, increasing runoff and erosion. These feedback processes were intensified during the Holocene. Since the mid Holocene, the co-existence of soil and runoff created a unique setup which enabled the establishment of desert agriculture in the southern Levant, based on runoff-harvesting techniques. Extensive construction of stone terrace walls on top of diachronous middle–late Holocene alluvial units in the less degraded valleys led to the deposition of the anthropogenic unit, consisting of fine grained re-deposited loess as a by-product of the flood irrigation. This process contributed to soil conservation and counteracted the continuous natural soil erosion and desertification. The ability to practice desert agriculture is still preserved in the southern Levant, and historic climate changes are not required to explain the rise and fall of the great farming cultures. 相似文献
15.
湖泊水位高低通常能有效地指示湖盆内湿润条件的变化,进而反映区域有效降水（降水—蒸发）变化,成为重建第四纪古气候演变的重要指标之一。通过对苏联和蒙古国古湖泊数据库以及中国晚第四纪古湖泊数据库中149个湖泊水位变化资料的梳理总结,探讨了末次盛冰期（18 cal. ka BP）以来该地区干湿变化规律及区域分异。根据研究区气候特征、地理位置及已有研究成果将其分为东欧湖泊区、中东亚干旱区和中国北方季风区三大湖区。根据不同水位记录在整个湖泊历史中出现的频率,采用3级重新分类区分出高、中、低3级水量,并把每个湖泊数字化的3级古水量表示成与现代的差值,得到每个湖泊样点每千年时间间隔内相对现代的5级水量变化（很湿润、湿润、无变化、干旱和很干旱）。结果表明,三大湖区末次盛冰期以来可能经历了不同的干湿变化过程：东欧地区湖泊水量记录在晚冰期之前较少,至全新世逐渐增多,且基本表现为早全新世干旱、中晚全新世相对湿润的状况。中东亚干旱区整体呈现出末次盛冰期至中全新世均较湿润而晚全新世干旱的气候状况,但区域内部不同湖泊在起讫时间和强度上存在显著差异。中国北方季风区的湿润期主要发生在早中全新世,但是不同湖泊有所不同。对比分析显示,早全新世时东欧地区东部气候随着斯堪的那维亚冰流的逐渐消退而逐渐变湿润,中全新世由于夏季北欧反气旋东翼的气旋气流增强而达到最湿润状态,西部地区早全新世由于强劲的西伯利亚热高压存在而整体偏干旱,中全新世由于夏季亚洲季风的渗透而转为湿润。中东亚干旱区冰期内的湿润条件可能主要与西风带降水及低温低蒸发有关,而全新世则可能主要与夏季风深入内陆导致降水增加有关。中国北方季风区全新世湿度变化可能主要受东亚季风控制。 相似文献
16.
Xiuju Liu Steven M. Colman Erik T. Brown Andrew C. G. Henderson Josef P. Werne Jonathan A. Holmes 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2014,51(2):223-240
We inferred the climate history for Central Asia over the past 20,000 years, using sediments from core QH07, taken in the southeastern basin of Lake Qinghai, which lies at the northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau. Results from multiple environmental indicators are internally consistent and yield a clear late Pleistocene and Holocene climate record. Carbonate content and total organic carbon (TOC) in Lake Qinghai sediments are interpreted as indicators of the strength of the Asian summer monsoon. Warm and wet intervals, associated with increased monsoon strength, are indicated by increased carbonate and TOC content. During the glacial period (~20,000 to ~14,600 cal year BP), summer monsoon intensity remained low and relatively constant at Lake Qinghai, suggesting cool, dry, and relatively stable climate conditions. The inferred stable, cold, arid environment of the glacial maximum seems to persist through the Younger Dryas time period, and little or no evidence of a warm interval correlative with the Bølling–Allerød is found in the QH07 record. The transition between the late Pleistocene and the Holocene, about 11,500 cal year BP, was abrupt, more so than indicated by speleothems in eastern China. The Holocene (~11,500 cal year BP to present) was a time of enhanced summer monsoon strength and greater variability, indicating relatively wetter but more unstable climatic conditions than those of the late Pleistocene. The warmest, wettest part of the Holocene, marked by increased organic matter and carbonate contents, occurred from ~11,500 to ~9,000 cal year BP, consistent with maximum summer insolation contrast between 30°N and 15°N. A gradual reduction in precipitation (weakened summer monsoon) is inferred from decreased carbonate content through the course of the Holocene. We propose that changes in the contrast of summer insolation between 30°N and 15°N are the primary control on the Asian monsoon system over glacial/interglacial time scales. Secondary influences may include regional and global albedo changes attributable to ice-cover and vegetation shifts and sea level changes (distance from moisture source in Pacific Ocean). The abruptness of the change at the beginning of the Holocene, combined with an increase in variability, suggest a threshold for the arrival of monsoonal rainfall at the northeastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau. 相似文献
17.
Eric A. Colhoun 《The Australian geographer》1992,23(1):11-23
Pollen analysis of 3.25 m of late glacial and Holocene sediments gives a mid‐altitude (600 m) record of vegetation development after the last or Margaret Glaciation. Alpine herbfield, coniferous heath and Nothofagus gunnli scrub developed on the moraines until 11,400 BP. Wet montane forest and heath then developed with Phyllocladus aspleniifolius, Nothofagus cunninghamii and Eucalyptus until c. 10,000 BP. After 10,000 BP a mosaic of N. cunninghamii rainforest, Myrtaceae and Proteaceae scrub and Sprengelia incarnata heath occurred. The development of the vegetation from alpine communities to temperate rainforest, which is near its limit at 600 m, occurred under the influence of improving climatic conditions with rapid upslope migration or local expansion of taxa during the late glacial. Temperatures were warm enough for the development of rainforest at 600 m by 10,000 BP, if not earlier. The development of a mosaic of rainforest, scrub and heath vegetation rather than extensive rainforest after 10,000 BP reflects the influence of poor soils, bad drainage and fires. Comparison with similar pollen diagrams from western Tasmania suggests that the development of pollen/vegetation associations was time transgressive with altitude during the late glacial when climatic influences and migration rates were important, and that the mosaic of vegetation communities became more complex during the Holocene because of adjustment to or control by local ecological factors. 相似文献
18.
查格勒布鲁剖面—晚更新世以来东亚季风进退的地层记录 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
本文着重分析了查格勒布鲁剖面沉积物的粒度特征和孢粉组合特征，结合（１４）Ｃ测年、古冰缘现象和沉积物化学元素的ＳｉＯ２／Ａｌ２Ｏ３分子比值变化规律指出，晚更新世以来巴丹吉林沙漠南缘地区的气候条件随全球冰期气候的波动亦经历了由晚更新世早期的相对温湿阶段、晚更新世晚期尤其是末次盛冰期的干冷阶段向全新世温暖期的演化过程。东亚夏季风尾阎在晚更新世早期到达甚至越过本区影响到拐子湖一带，晚更新世晚期本区受冬季风的控制，全新世以来东亚夏季风尾闾又向本区推进，并于全新世大暖期对本区造成明显影响。 相似文献
19.
Michael J. Smith Marlow G. Pellatt Ian R. Walker Rolf W. Mathewes 《Journal of Paleolimnology》1998,20(3):277-293
Analysis of the distributions of chironomid (midge) and other dipteran subfossils from two high elevation lake sediment cores in the Cascade Mountains reveals changes in midge communities and inferred climate since the late-glacial. Cabin Lake and 3M Pond are located near treeline in the subalpine Engelmann Spruce/Subalpine Fir biogeoclimatic zone of British Columbia. In Cabin Lake, chironomid head capsule assemblages depict a typical late-glacial community, and three distinct Holocene communities. In Cabin Lake, the late-glacial community is composed of cold-stenothermous taxa dominated by Stictochironomus, Mesocricotopus, Heterotrissocladius, Parakiefferiella nigra, Protanypus and Paracladius, whereas warm water midges are absent or rare, indicating cold conditions. A late-glacial chironomid community was not found in 3M Pond. In both lakes the early Holocene is dominated by a diverse warm-adapted assemblage, corresponding to the warm climatic conditions of the xerothermic period. Cabin Lake's mid-Holocene zone records a decrease in relative abundance of the warm water types and is accompanied by an increase in cold-stenotherms. At 3M Pond this period shows a dramatic loss in diversity of warm-adapted taxa, as the temperate genus Dicrotendipes dominates. This zone corresponds to Hebda's (1995) mesothermic period. Further cooling in the late Holocene (to modern conditions) is inferred from continued reduction of warm water midges and persistence (at Cabin Lake) or appearance (at 3M Pond) of a cold-stenothermal community. This late Holocene cooling is similar in timing to Neoglacial advances in the Coast, Cascade, and Rocky Mountains of southern British Columbia. Similarities in the timing of chironomid and vegetation community changes at these high elevation sites, along with the more rapid response time of the Chironomidae, support the sensitivity of midges to postglacial climatic change at high elevation sites. 相似文献
20.
选用甘青地区达连海、青海湖、苏家湾、大地湾4个典型高分辨率的钻孔资料进行对比分析,阐明了该地区末次冰消期以来气候变化规律与主要气候事件,初步探讨了该地区植被纬向时空演化规律。结果显示末次冰消期大致开始于15.2~14.6 ka BP之间,冰消期期间该地区气候表现为冷暖波动频繁,气候不稳定,植被类型由东向西为草原-荒漠化草原。全新世早期阶段10.4~8.2 ka BP气候表现为温干,植被类型由东向西为疏林草原-草原。全新世中期8.2~4.3 ka BP气候温暖湿润,植被发育良好,由东向西出现森林-森林草原植被。4.3 ka BP以后该地区气候总体向凉干方向发展,3.9~3.4 ka BP期间陇中地区气候波动较显著,植被类型草原-森林草原交替出现。晚全新世后期2.3~0 ka BP气候冷干,从东到西发育草原-荒漠化草原植被。 相似文献