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1.
银川平原深层地下水14C年龄校正 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
地下水14C年龄的校正精度取决于对地下水溶解无机碳演化过程中影响地下水14C活度主要因素的准确识别及其影响程度的定量评价。以银川平原为例,在进行银川平原承压水反向地球化学反应路径模拟的基础上,识别出影响区内深层地下水碳酸演化的主要作用并进行深层地下水14C年龄的校正。研究认为,控制银川平原深层地下水化学演化的主要反应路径为碳酸盐矿物的沉淀和长石、角闪石、石膏等矿物的溶解以及Ca-Na离子交换。地下水流路径上所发生的水文地球化学反应对路径上14C的浓度变化影响较小。地下水14C年龄校正结果表明,除补给区和承压水水位漏斗区外,银川平原承压水年龄均在2 000 a以上,属“古水”,天然条件下径流缓慢、地下水更新速度小。在承压水水位漏斗区外,沿地下水流方向,地下水年龄逐渐增大;而在承压水集中开采区,承压水的年龄明显小于路径上游地下水,潜水与承压水之间的垂向水力联系比较密切。 相似文献
2.
在核设施场址筛选和长期性能安全评价中,地下水化学特征是最重要的因素之一.本文采用数理统计、离子比例法、同位素分析法以及水文地球化学模拟等方法,对沿海某核设施场址水化学特征及主要控制因素、地下水补给来源与年龄等进行了分析,并构建了该场址地下水循环演化模式.研究表明：场址地下水中TDS较低,pH值多呈弱酸性;地下水化学类型主要为HCO3-Na·Ca型和HCO3-Ca·Na型;水化学组分主要受硅酸盐岩风化作用的控制;地下水主径流路径上以钠长石、钙长石的风化溶解为主;地下水来源于当地大气降水入渗补给,硐室深度范围内地下水14C表观年龄为2.08～3.60 ka.该场址地下水化学特征及水循环交替条件对于保障该核设施的安全性是有利的. 相似文献
3.
反向地球化学模拟技术在深层地下水14C年龄校正中的应用——以鄂尔多斯白垩系盆地典型水流路径为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文以鄂尔多斯白垩系地下水盆地为例,利用反向水文地球化学模拟技术识别出影响区内深层地下水碳酸演化的主要作用并进行深层地下水14C年龄的校正.结果表明:控制鄂尔多斯白垩系地下水盆地南区深层地下水化学演化的主要反应路径为碳酸盐矿物、伊利石或绿泥石的沉淀反应、长石、石膏矿物等的溶解以及Ca-Na的离子交换;北区为方解石溶解、白云石沉淀的非全等溶解反应、伊利石的沉淀反应、长石的溶解反应以及Ca-Na的离子交换.南区地下水流路径上所发生的水文地球化学反应对路径上14C的浓度变化影响较小而北区影响较大.地下水14C年龄校正结果表明,盆地南区深层地下水14C年龄(22969 a)明显老于北区(3 967 a). 相似文献
4.
华北平原地下水年龄校正 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
地下水14C年龄一般指地下水和土壤CO2隔绝至今的年代.地下水测年在地下水水文学中占有特殊的位置,地下水测年可以用来确定补给区,估算地下水流速度、流量、补给速率、水力传导系数和有效孔L隙度,而且年龄数据还可以用来完善地下水流模型.本研究选择华北平原为重点研究区,利用地下水中的同位素和化学组分的测试结果,应用水文地球化学及同位素水文学等相关知识,通过六种传统模型和反向质量平衡模型(NETPATH)对华北平原地下水年龄进行校正.根据年龄校正结果,分析了深层地下水的年龄变化特点,确定了水流路径上发生的水文地球化 相似文献
5.
水文地球化学模型研究进展 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
水文地球化学模型是目前水文地球化学研究的重要工具,通过模拟可以确定地下水系统中的水化学演化过程,揭示地球深部的水循环机理。同位素方法的使用、模型的完善及模拟程序的不断升级,使得模拟工作得到进一步发展。本文重点概述了水文地球化学的主要模型:组分分布模型、质量平衡模型和反应路径模型。近几年中,在放射性废物处置、地下水中有机污染影响及垃圾填埋场渗滤液迁移方面,水文地球化学模型得到了很好的应用。考虑环境问题以及与水动力学模型耦合是水文地球化学模型今后的发展方面。 相似文献
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4He是测定地下水年龄理想的示踪剂之一,由于测年时间尺度及多成因等问题,其测年结果通常与14C测年结果缺乏一致性。通过采集河北平原第四系承压水中的惰性气体（He、Ne、Ar、Kr、Xe）及14C样品,利用CE（封闭系统平衡）模型分离出地下水中的放射性成因4Herad浓度为（5.43～8 994）×10-8 cm3·STP/g,进而得到地下水的4He年龄为8.8～55.9 ka;相应样品的14C测年结果为7.7～35.2 ka。结果表明,2种测年结果在河北平原具有很好的一致性。 相似文献
8.
岩溶关键带水文地球化学研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
岩溶关键带处于岩石、水、土壤、大气、生物五圈交汇地带。正确认识岩溶关键带的结构、特点及其水文地球化学过程是当前地球关键带与岩溶水科学研究的重点问题。本文基于对国内外相关研究成果的归纳整理,剖析了岩溶关键带水文地球化学内涵、岩溶关键带水动力垂向分带、岩溶关键带框架下的水文地球化学过程与机制, 探寻变化环境下岩溶关键带水文地球化学过程演变的规律与驱动机制。指出了当前研究中存在的薄弱环节:目前工作仅停留在传统岩溶地下水科学工作范畴,未从岩溶关键带框架体系的角度考虑植物冠层至岩溶含水层之间水文地球化学过程及其耦合关系,未考虑新污染物持续输入、地球大数据科学工程深入实施、全球碳排放路径逐渐改变等时代因素对岩溶水文地球化学研究的潜在影响。进一步的研究可以从以下方面开展:基于岩溶关键带框架体系的新污染物水文地球化学研究,基于大数据框架体系的岩溶水文地球化学研究,“双碳战略”下的岩溶水文地球化学研究,岩溶关键带水文地球化学驱动的物质转化与能量迁移过程及其耦合以及高分辨率监测、评估与模拟手段的综合应用。 相似文献
9.
水文地球化学模拟研究的现状 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
水文地球化学模拟是研究地质生态，地下水污染的一种新的方法，是多学科综合研究的产物，通过各种不同的水文地球化学模型，可以定量模拟各种自然过程和人类活动影响下水－岩相互作用及地下水中污染质的运移过程，预测地下水污染的发生，发展趋势，指导地地下水的监测，保护及合理开采，是地下水管理中不可缺少的一部分。综述了有关水文地球化学模拟研究的现状，对水溶液组分平衡的地球化学模型，地下水溶质运移模型，耦合水化学模型 相似文献
10.
河流输送到海洋的溶解无机碳(DIC)和有机碳(OC)受自然和人为双重因素的影响。了解DIC和OC的年龄、来源和转化,有助于掌握全球碳收支和提高现在以及未来自然和人类对河流碳循环影响的估算精度。本研究以普定岩溶水-碳循环试验场泉(地下水)-池(地表水)耦联系统为研究对象,利用双碳同位素(13C- 14C)方法,结合水生植物生长和传统水文地球化学特征,揭示了地下水-地表水系统中DIC和颗粒有机碳(POC)的来源及其转化机制。研究发现:(1)泉-池系统中DIC和POC的Δ14C具有相同的变化趋势,泉水中Δ14C值低于池水中Δ14C值,反映后者可能有“较年轻”的CO2的加入;(2)池水水化学和碳同位素变化由土地利用类型和池中水生植物共同控制;(3)池水中颗粒有机碳(POC)浓度明显高于泉水,且其Δ14C值表现出与沉水植物和DIC的一致性(表观年龄均为3 200900 a),说明池水POC主要源于池中水生植物光合作用利用了碳酸盐风化产生的老碳(DIC),使新形成的有机质在表观年龄上“偏老”;(4)池水水体内源有机碳对水体POC的贡献在75%以上,内源有机碳通量(以C计)在250 t·km-2·a-1至660 t·km-2·a-1之间,相对于其他土地利用类型,草地对应的地表水系统具有最大的内源有机碳占比和通量,指示了沉水植物控制型浅水水体初级生产对有机碳循环的重要作用。综上,我们认为在岩溶区通过土地利用调整来调控水生植物群落对于增加碳汇具有重要潜力。 相似文献
11.
《Applied Geochemistry》2000,15(8):1191-1201
The impact of climatic and vegetation conditions over the past 15 Ka on the chemical composition and 14C dating of groundwater from the Franconian Albvorland aquifer system is discussed. Seven groundwaters over a flow distance of 25.5 km are investigated. Groundwater dating is made by 14C of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and aqueous fulvic acid as well as 18O. 14C dating via fulvic acid gives groundwater ages consistent with climatic and vegetation records and variations in the groundwater composition. No correction for geochemical processes is required, since under these geochemical conditions fulvic acid remains stable over this time period and flow-distance. On the other hand, 14C dating via DIC requires correction of the 14C value due to perturbation by different geochemical processes. Up to a groundwater flow distance of approximately 17 km and an age of about 10 Ka, the 14C dating by DIC shows considerable dependence on the 14C-correction model applied. Beyond this groundwater age, 14C-DIC dating results in an overestimation by two to three 14C half-lives (T1/2=5730 a). This deviation may result from different groundwater recharge conditions at the end of the past glaciation and geochemical processes acting on DIC that cannot be adequately characterized. The present study has implications for humic substance mediated transport of pollutants in natural aquatic systems over long time periods. 相似文献
12.
The objective of this paper is to build a general correction model that takes into account all the different radiocarbon-dilution reactions and resolving the processes that are geochemically “aging” the groundwater in the Neogene Aquifer. For this, δ13C and radiocarbon in groundwater are investigated with their relationship to other chemical components in groundwater. The δ13C values in the Neogene Aquifer are influenced by various geochemical reactions like calcite dissolution, oxidation of organic matter and methanogenesis. Calcite dissolution and CH4 production increase δ13C while the oxidation of organic matter decreases δ13C in the groundwater. The reactions that modify δ13C also influence the 14C activity. Due to the complex geochemical environment, existing correction models are not applicable to this situation. A correction model for initial 14C activity is formulated in which the different C sources that influence 14C activity are taken into account. It is observed that recent dissolved organic matter plays an important role in redox reactions. The corrected 14C ages lie between −0.792 and 6.425 ka representing the maximum age. If a part of the organic matter that oxidises is fossil, the determined age will represent an overestimated age. 相似文献
13.
《Applied Geochemistry》1993,8(5):483-493
Information regarding the origin, composition and transport of natural dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in groundwater is necessary to understand the transport of metals and organic pollutants, as well as for the use of14C in DOC as an isotopic groundwater dating method. Previous research in several groundwater systems has suggested soil organic C is the predominant source of high molecular weight DOC to the subsurface. Through the use of stable isotopes,14C and geochemical analyses, this study shows that significant concentrations of DOC and CH4 in a regional confined aquifer can be generated in situ from subsurface sedimentary organic sources. The DOC and CH4 produced is a combined result of degradation of buried peats and bacterial action, resulting in high DOC concentrations and strongly methanogenic conditions in the aquifer. The DOC and CH4 comprise, on average, nearly 50% of the total dissolved C pool in the central part of the aquifer. Methanogenic conditions complicate isotopic groundwater dating by the conventional dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) method. Estimates of isotopic groundwater residence time using DOC14C data are proposed by the application of14C isotope and mass balance corrections. 相似文献
14.
《Applied Geochemistry》1997,12(5):625-636
Processes controlling the groundwater chemical composition were studied in the River Danube deposits, in the southeastern part of Hungary. PHREEQM, a combined geochemical and one-dimensional transport model and PHREEQE, NETPATH and WATEQF geochemical computer codes were used to simulate these processes. The main processes controlling water chemistry are equilibrium with calcite, undersaturation in dolomite and albite weathering in the recharge area, ion exchange along the flow path, and ion exchange and mixing with old water at the end of the flow path. Ion exchange seems to be the most important process controlling groundwater chemistry along the flowpath in the fluvial sediments studied. Isotopic data support the geochemical model. The groundwater ages, adjusted for the modeled C mass transfer range from 3300 to 20 200 a B.P. Cation exchange suggests that displacement of a former aqueous solution by the present groundwater occurred. This displacement is attributed to tectonic and paleoclimatic events at the end of the Pleistocene. 相似文献
15.
Hana Jiráková Frédéric Huneau Zbyněk Hrkal Hélène Celle-Jeanton Philippe Le Coustumer 《Applied Geochemistry》2010
The Bohemian Cretaceous Basin represents a complex hydrogeological system composed of several aquifers with very favourable hydrogeological properties. These aquifers have been exploited for many years. The sustainability of such resources might be guaranteed by well organised water management, which requires a detailed knowledge about the functioning of the hydrogeological system. Although many efforts have previously been made to evaluate groundwater residence time, the many intricate geochemical processes complicate groundwater dating. The current study clarifies the functioning of this complex hydrogeological basin using hydrogeochemical and isotopic investigations. Chemical data and a combination of 13C and 14C isotopes within the Cenomanian and the Turonian layers indicate groundwater interactions with deep-seated CO2, rock matrix, surface waters and fossil organic matter. Very depleted δ13C values (average δ13C ∼ −13.4‰) suggest interactions with fossil organic matter, whereas enriched values account for the interaction with deep CO2 gas ascending from the upper mantle via the numerous faults and fractures, and also, to a lesser extent, from calcite dissolution. Geochemical processes that take place in the system cause a clear depletion in 14C that greatly complicates groundwater residence time evaluation. Different dilution correction models have been applied considering the different C origins. The stable isotope content, mainly 18O values, indicates both the contribution of modern precipitation and the partial infiltration of palaeowaters during colder climatic conditions from the end of the Pleistocene. The apparent 14C groundwater ages range from modern to 11.1 ka BP, which suggests some post glacial infiltration from melting ice sheets. Finally, all the acquired information was used to propose a conceptual model of C origin within the basin. 相似文献
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A geographical information system (GIS) assisted approach that couples a groundwater flow model and an inverse geochemical model is presented to quantify the phase mole transfers between two points on the flow path within a groundwater system. It is used to investigate the plausible phase transfers in the unconfined aquifer of Mehsana district of Gujarat State, India. X-ray diffraction analysis of soil samples is carried out for mineral characterization. The groundwater flow field is simulated using MODFLOW and flow paths used for inverse geochemical modeling are traced using PMPATH, a particle tracking algorithm. The plausible phase mole transfers in the flow path are quantified using PHREEQC geochemical code. The different scenarios generated by inverse modeling routine are used as input to the geochemical model and simulation runs are taken as forward models. The obtained results are compared to the target solution chemistry by using the square of the Pearson product moment correlation coefficient. Results reveal that the groundwater is undersaturated with anhydrite, carbon dioxide (gas), fluorite, gypsum, halite, jarosite-K, and siderite. It is oversaturated with aragonite, calcite, dolomite, ferrihydrite, goethite, and hematite. Results further reveal that calcite is precipitating, while dolomite, gypsum, carbon dioxide, and fluorite are dissolving together with ion exchange in the flow path. 相似文献
18.
高盐度地下水~(14)C测年样品采集技术探讨 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
高盐度地下水 (卤水 ) 14 C样品采集是同位素水文地质界的一个难题。罗布泊钾矿区卤水的化学组成特征是 :平均矿化度为 35 3.5 g/L ,SO2 -4的质量浓度 4 4 .0 3g/L ,HCO-3 的质量浓度为0 .2 71g/L。为此 ,文中借鉴一般地下水 (淡水或微咸水 ) 14 C样品的采集原理 ,设计出一套真空取样装置。其操作步骤是 ,首先通过调节卤水的 pH值 ,使得水中的无机碳以CO2 气体的形式溢出 ,然后 ,导入装有NaOH与BaCl2 混合溶液的样品瓶中 ,在野外获得高盐度卤水14 C测年样品。罗布泊卤水测试结果表明 ,这一流程有效地解决了硫酸盐干扰问题 ,卤水14 C样品质量可靠。该技术可为高盐度地下水测年提供有效手段 ,对低盐度地下水14 C取样也具有重要的推广使用价值。 相似文献