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1.
Surface morphology of soil cracks is one of the important factors influencing the water evaporation rate in cracked soil in Yuanmou Dry-hot Valley Region, Southwest China. Quantitative study of the complicated surface morphology of soil cracks is a prerequisite for further studies of soil-cracking mechanisms. The present paper establishes a quantitative indicator system by application of concepts and methods originating from Fractal Geometry and Network Analysis. These indicators can effectively express the complicated features of soilcrack network structure. Furthermore, a series of values related to soil-crack morphology was obtained by image processing on field photos of soil-crack quads, and gradation criteria for the degree of development of soil cracks were determined. Finally, the changes in values of the morphological indicators under different degrees of development were analyzed in detail. Our results indicate that （1） the degree of development of soil cracks can be divided into five grades, i.e., feeble development, slight development, medium development, intensive development and extremely intensive development; （2） the values of the indicators change predictably with increasing degree of development of soil cracks. The area density （Dc） increases, and both the area-weighted mean ratio of crack area to perimeter （AWMARP）, which reflects the intensity of cracking, and the index r, which is related to the connectivity of a soil crack, grow uniformly （albeit with different forms）. AWMRAP increases at a geometric rate while r shows logarithmmic growth, indicating a gradual increase in the connectivity of a soil crack. Nevertheless, the areaweighted mean of soil-crack fractal dimension （AWMFRAC） shows a decreasing trend, indicating a gradual decline in the complexity of cracks as area density increases. 相似文献
2.
An ancient landslide, situated in Deqin County, Yunnan Province, China, was used to investigate the reactivation by water infiltration. This study considers the infiltration process and landslide stability using finite-element method(FEM)-based models. The results show that the reactivation of old landslide deposit was triggered by the long-term leakage of diversion ditch before October 2012, and the reactivation was triggered again by the intense rainfall on 7-9 October 2012. The old cracks, which formed in the earlier reactivation of landslide, played a key role for the rainfall infiltration. They offered a preferential path for much more rainfall to infiltrate fast into deep soil, and caused wetting front to move down faster in landslide. The old slip zone with lower permeability was another important factor to cause the infiltrated water to accumulate and form a high pore water pressure above slip zone. Then the high pore water pressure decreased the shear strength of slip zone and triggered the reactivation of the old landslide deposit again. 相似文献
3.
东营市淡水资源十分匮乏,其中９３ ％ 以上依赖黄河水。近年来黄河连年发生断流,使得蓄水工程难以正常供水,同时还诱发了一系列环境地质问题———土壤次生盐渍化、开采漏斗、地裂缝、河道淤积和咸水入侵等。本文就其发生原因和危害程度进行了探讨,并提出了相应的防治对策。 相似文献
4.
以最新水资源评价成果为依据,阐述了山东省地下水资源状况、重要水源地的分布、开发利用潜力及地下水独特的优越性,强调了合理开发利用与保护地下水资源对山东省经济发展的重要性。认为地下水过量开采或开采程度过低,容易引起超采漏斗区、地面塌陷、沉降、裂缝、海水倒灌以及土壤盐渍化、渍涝等一系列生态环境问题,结合山东实际情况提出促进地下水利用良性循环的对策。 相似文献
5.
艾孺彬 《地球科学与环境学报》1998,20(4):59
针对某机务段２４０Ｂ型柴油机机破事故中的破损件连杆及连杆螺栓进行解剖,通过断口电镜分析、金相分析、化学成分及机械性能试验得出,机破是由于曲轴连杆颈碾瓦后,连杆大头端颈面出现裂纹导致疲劳断裂造成的。 相似文献
6.
《世界地质(英文版)》2008,11(4)
Pore water pressure has an important influence on mechanical properties of soil. The authors studied the characteristics of pore water pressure dissipating of mucky soil under consolidated-drained condition by using refitted triaxial instrument and analyzed the variation of pore pressure coefficient with consolidation pressure. The results show that the dissipating of pore water pressure behaves in different ways depends on different styles of loading. What is more, the pore water pressure coefficient of mucky soil is less than 1. As the compactness of soil increases and moisture content reduces, the value of B reduces. There is a staggered dissipating in the process of consolidation, in which it is a mutate point when U/P is 80%. It is helpful to establish the pore water pressure model and study the strength-deformation of soil in process of consolidation. 相似文献
7.
本文应用VRGIS(Virtual Reality Geographical Information System)技术,建立水库工程水土流失三维可视化动态仿真模型,实现库区的空间信息可视化。以福建省东圳水库为研究对象,建立水土流失区域三维虚拟地理信息系统(3D-VRGIS),生成水土流失现状以及库区生态环境三维场景。并结合水土流失中水淹分析要素与三维空间的数据可视化技术,实现水土流失监测预报及其区域定位监控的可视化处理,为减少水土流失危害,提供可靠的信息资源。 相似文献
8.
《山地科学学报》2019,(12)
Land creation projects have been implemented in China to expand urban space in mountainous areas. In addition to the predictable settlement brought about by filling construction,varying degrees of land subsidence and engineering failures have a demonstrated relationship to groundwater level fluctuation induced by land creation engineering. In this work, we adopted a typical large-scale land creation project, Yan'an New City in Shaanxi province, West China, as our study area. Prior to conducting the main experiment,preliminary field investigation and groundwater level monitoring were conducted to determine the groundwater fluctuation trend induced by land creation engineering. Although a blind drainage system was implemented, the depth aspect of groundwater level changes after large-scale land creation still needed to be addressed. To study the degree of impact and the settlement mechanism induced by the rising groundwater level, we conducted a Water Immersion Test(WIT) in a typical land creation site for 107 days. The rising groundwater level was simulated by injecting water from the bottom of the filling foundation. During the WIT, the soil water content, surface subsidence, and internal settlement of soil at different depths were obtained. Surface subsidence development could be categorized into four stages during the water level increase. The second stage, which is defined as the point when the groundwater level rises to 10 m,marked the critical point in the process. Furthermore,it was ascertained that the local settlement in regions that were originally composed of steep slopes is larger than that in originally flat areas. In addition, ground cracks and sinkholes in the study area were inspected;and it was determined that they would become new channels that would accelerate water infiltration and exacerbate the settlement. Based on the results from our field investigation and testing, several suggestions are proposed for land creation projects to mitigate issues associated with construction-induced groundwater level rising. 相似文献
9.
Impact of water environmental characteristics in Dry-Hot valley of Jinsha river on soil desertification 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Ｗｉｔｈｔｈｅｓｏｃｉａｌｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔ,ｈｕｍａｎｂｅｉｎｇｓｈａｄｔｏｐａｙｍｕｃｈａｔｅｎｔｉｏｎｔｏｔｈｅｃｒｉｓｉｓｏｆｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｓｔｏｔｈｅｅｃｏｎｏｍｉｃｃｒｉｓｉｓ．Ｗａｔｅｒｄｅｆｉｃｉｅｎｃｙａｎｄｄｅｓｅｒ... 相似文献
10.
To simulate the soil moisture variation in cropland, a two-parameter exponential recession model was derived to depict the recession process of soil moisture in the root zone. The model is based on the assumption that the recession rate of soil water is propor- tional to the potential evapotranspiration rate and the difference of soil water content and steady soil water content. Two parameters in this model are soil texture-dependent recession constant and steady soil water content. The model was calibrated and validated with measured soil water data at two experiment sites in North China with different soil textures and cropping systems. Coefficients of de- termination between measured and model simulated soil water content were all greater than 0.7, indicating that both models gave satis- factory simulation results. Results showed that values of two parameters mentioned above are both larger for finer soil than those for coarser soil. At the same potential evapotranspiration rate and soil water content, the recession rate of finer soil is usually lower than that of coarser soil. The proposed model can be used in irrigation management to predict approximate date for irrigation, as well as be em- bedded into watershed hydrological models to estimate the antecedent precipitation index. 相似文献
11.
Soil erosion changes over the past five decades in the red soil region of Southern China 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Yin Liang Decheng Li Xixi Lu Xuan Yang Xianzhang Pan Huan Mu Deming Shi Bin Zhang 《山地科学学报》2010,7(1):92-99
This paper reports the dynamic changes of soil and water loss in the red soil region of Southern China since the 1950s. The
red soil region covers eight provinces: Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Fujian, Anhui, Hubei, Hunan, Guangdong and Hainan. From the 1950s
to 1986, the annual rate of soil erosion increased by 3.4%. From 1986 to 1996 and from 1996 to 2000, the annual rates of soil
erosion decreased by 2.0% and 0.32%, respectively. Field surveys showed that from 2000 to 2005, the area of soil and water
loss decreased annually by 1.2%. This decrease was a result of large-scale erosion control activities across China. Although
the eroded soil has been restored, the restoration process is very slow and full restoration will take a long time. Our report
suggests that controlling soil and water loss is a challenging task, and additional measures must be taken to effectively
control the soil erosion in the red soil region. 相似文献
12.
天津滨海绿地土壤水分特征曲线的拟合与比较分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
土壤水分特征曲线是定量研究土壤水运动和溶质运移的重要参数,对滨海地区盐碱土绿化建设有重要的作用。通过对天津滨海盐碱地绿化土进行脱水试验,选取Gardner模型和VG模型对实测数据进行拟合。运用对数简化方法对Gardner模型变形后进行回归分析,另外,采用软件Matlab的非线性拟合函数lsqcurvefit对VG模型进行了参数求解。结果表明:Gardner模型和VG模型都可以用于天津滨海盐碱地绿化土水分特征曲线的拟合。Gardner模型的参数求解过程简单,但用VG模型计算出的残差平方和较Gardner模型小,拟合效果优于Gardner模型。同时,该区绿地土断面上各层之间的拟合曲线相近,持水能力相当,说明了该区绿化土断面上各土层的土壤质地和结构差异不大。 相似文献
13.
阐述了水土保持工程测绘的内涵,系统地分析和总结了水土保持工程测绘的主要内容,提出了水土保持工程测绘的具体方法和操作步骤,并以大安沟小流域胡家沟综合治理工程为例作了方法验证,实践证实了该方法的可行性。 相似文献
14.
靳贵禄 《地球科学与环境学报》1996,(2)
本文从地形、地貌、地层及地质构造等方面对马圈痒地热田的成因进行了分析和论述。提出了本热田为断裂裂隙热储系统的深循环式的热田。它的补给源为地表降水，补给通道是云门山山前大断裂，加热过程是在基底断裂裂隙运动中进行的、其热源为岩浆活动热，上涌通道是两个隆起上的断裂裂隙。上涌后进入第四纪热储层后与冷水混合，形成了一个“蘑菇状”的热水体。这种模式具有一定的代表性。 相似文献
15.
《山地科学学报》2015,(6)
In this paper, the motion and acceleration process, as well as the mechanism of a high speed and long run landslide are investigated by adopting high speed ring shear test and taking the landslide occurred at Yigong River in Bomi, Tibet on April 9, 2000 as the background. According to the motion characteristics of high-speed and long distance motion landside, the mechanism is studied under different conditions such as shear speed, consolidated drained and consolidated undrained status. Results show that high speed shearing process hinders and delays the dissipation of pore pressure, and drives pore water migrating to shear zone slowly. Both of water content and fine particle content at shear zone are obviously higher than those in other layers; and soil liquefaction occurs at shear zone in the saturated consolidated undrained ring shear tests. The effective internal friction angle of the consolidated undrained soil is much lower than that of the consolidated drained soil under ring shearing. The results also indicate that the shearing speed affecting the strength of soil to some extent. The higher the ring shearing speed is, the lower the strength of soil is. This investigation provides a preliminary interpretation of the mechanism of the motion and acceleration process of the Yigong landslide, occurred in Tibet in 2000. 相似文献
16.
中国北方农牧交错带是中东部地区重要的生态安全屏障, 由于其系统结构脆弱、生态环境问题多发、土地沙化严重, 开展生态修复工作显得十分重要。植物-土壤水分关系作为土地沙化区生态水文过程的重要组成部分, 研究二者的转化过程对于了解植物吸水模式、确定生态修复的首选植物种非常关键。以河北省张家口市康保县北部为例, 基于雨季的大气降水、地下水、土壤水和植物水的氢氧同位素特征, 分析了主要植物的吸水层位、生态位宽度和水分竞争关系。结果表明, 柠条以吸收80~100 cm深度土壤水为主, 吸水比例最大可达87.7%, 油菜花以吸收0~20 cm深度土壤水为主, 吸水比例最大可达82.3%, 狼针的吸水层位与土壤含水率有关, 在含水率较高的深度吸水比例更大, 栉叶蒿的吸水深度较为均衡, 各植物种的生态位宽度均较大, 但部分植物间存在较强的水分竞争关系。本研究为中国北方农牧交错带土地沙化区的植物水源来源识别和生态修复提供了科学依据。 相似文献
17.
In this paper,the process of wind erosion on two kinds of soil from the agro-pastoral area of Inner Mongolia are studied using wind tunnel experiments,considering the wind speed,blown angle of wind and soil moisture content.The results showed that the modulus of soil wind erosion increases with an increase of wind speed.When the wind speed exceeds a critical value,the soil wind erosion suddenly increases.The critical speed for both kinds of soil is within the range of 7-8m·s-1.For a constant wind speed,the rate of soil wind erosion changes from increasing to falling at a critical soil slope.The critical slope of loam soil and sandy loam soil is 20° and 10°,respectively.Soil moisture content has a significant effect on wind erosion.Soil wind erosion of both soils decreases with an increase of the soil water content in two treatments,however,for treatment two,the increasing trends of wind erosion for two soils with the falling of soil water content are no significant,especially for the loam soil,and in the same soil water content,the wind erosion of two soils in treatment one is significantly higher than treatment two,this indicates reducing the disturbance of soil surface can evidently control the soil wind erosion. 相似文献
18.
LIU Lei LI Xin WEN Hao . College of Construction Engineering Jilin University Changchun China 《东北亚地学研究》2011,(2)
Soil salt transformation plays an important role in the freeze-thawing process,which is also one of basic problems of cryopedology. The very special law is made up of the two time salt-moisture transfer under freeze-thawing condition. Based on the latest research at home and abroad,through the investigation of soil moisture-salt change in the freeze-thawing process,the conclusion is made that the soil water potential gradient is the main driving force of soil salt movement and the factors are of quantities.... 相似文献
19.
Soil salt transformation plays an important role in the freeze-thawing process,which is also one of basic problems of cryopedology. The very special law is made up of the two time salt-moisture transfer under freeze-thawing condition. Based on the latest research at home and abroad,through the investigation of soil moisture-salt change in the freeze-thawing process,the conclusion is made that the soil water potential gradient is the main driving force of soil salt movement and the factors are of quantities. The research shows that,when freezing,temperature drops,salt and moisture move towards frozen layer. All make the salinity content of the frozen layer increase significantly. In the thawing process,salinity and moisture in the soil move up again with evaporation and makes the salt second migration. 相似文献