共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
The Effect of DEM Raster Resolution on First Order, Second Order and Compound Terrain Derivatives 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
Stefan Kienzle 《Transactions in GIS》2004,8(1):83-111
It is well known that the grid cell size of a raster digital elevation model has significant effects on derived terrain variables such as slope, aspect, plan and profile curvature or the wetness index. In this paper the quality of DEMs derived from the interpolation of photogrammetrically derived elevation points in Alberta, Canada, is tested. DEMs with grid cell sizes ranging from 100 to 5 m were interpolated from 100 m regularly spaced elevation points and numerous surface‐specific point elevations using the ANUDEM interpolation method. In order to identify the grid resolution that matches the information content of the source data, three approaches were applied: density analysis of point elevations, an analysis of cumulative frequency distributions using the Kolmogorov‐Smirnov test and the root mean square slope measure. Results reveal that the optimum grid cell size is between 5 and 20 m, depending on terrain com‐plexity and terrain derivative. Terrain variables based on 100 m regularly sampled elevation points are compared to an independent high‐resolution DEM used as a benchmark. Subsequent correlation analysis reveals that only elevation and local slope have a strong positive relationship while all other terrain derivatives are not represented realistically when derived from a coarse DEM. Calculations of root mean square errors and relative root mean square errors further quantify the quality of terrain derivatives. 相似文献
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《制图学和地理信息科学》2013,40(2):99-110
This paper examines the performance of artificial neural networks (ANNs) as a method of spatial interpolation, when presented with irregular and regular samples of elevation data. The results of the ANN interpolation are compared with results obtained by kriging. Tests of spatial bias in the systematic errors contained in each of the neural network-derived DEMs were conducted using four attributes: slope, aspect, average direction and average distance from the nearest sampled value. Based on RMS and other evaluation measures, the accuracy of estimated DEMs from regular and irregular sample distributions using neural networks is lower than the accuracy level derived from kriging. The accuracy level of the ANN interpolators also decreases as the range of elevation values in DEMs increases. As reported in the literature, ANNs are approximate interpolators, and the pattern of under-prediction and over-prediction of elevation values in this study revealed that all estimated values fell within the range of sample elevations. Neural networks cannot predict values outside the range of elevation values contained in the sample, a property shared by other interpolators such as inverse weighted distance. 相似文献
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本文以浙江省为研究区,在筛选并提取主要地理因子、计算主要城市节点可达性并利用Kriging插值方法获取可达性扩散表面的基础上,通过空间叠加将可达性与地理因子进行有效叠合,并采用空间采样方法获取采样数据,构造训练集。最后利用J48决策树算法对训练集进行归纳学习,构建并分析决策树,从而解释可达性与地理因子之间的相关模式。 相似文献
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基于Hutchinson的DEM建立及质量评价 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
建立高质量的数字高程模型(DEM)是正确计算坡度、坡向、提取流域地形特征、进行水文分析的前提。国外应用最广的是基于Hutchinson方法的DEM插值方法和应用该算法的软件ANUDEM,该软件采用有限微分内插技术和地形强化算法,自动去除伪下陷带点和生成输入数据错误文件。研究表明,通过等高线回放、DEM中误差、坡度、河流、光照模拟等方面的对比,ANUDEM生成的DEM表面光滑,比常规用TIN方法构建的TIN-DEM更能准确地表现地形起伏,其提取的坡度、光照图更准确,适宜进行水文分析。 相似文献
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《制图学和地理信息科学》2013,40(3):173-185
Few studies have compared algorithms for mapping surface slope and aspect from digital elevation models. Those studies that have compared these algorithms treat slope and aspect angles independently. The evaluation and comparison of surface orientation algorithms may also be conducted by treating slope and aspect as characteristics of a bi-directional vector normal to the surface. Such a comparison is more appropriate for selecting an accurate surface orientation algorithm for applications that use bi-directional measurements, such as modeling solar radiation or removing the topographic effect from remotely sensed imagery. This study empirically compared the slope angle and bi-directional surface angle estimated from five slope/aspect algorithms using a synthetic terrain surface and an actual terrain surface. The most accurate algorithm is consistently that which uses only the four nearest neighboring elevations in the grid. 相似文献
7.
Mohamed Mostafa Mohamed 《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2016,53(4):520-541
This study aims to map regions of near surface fluvial channels, mega-basins and topographic wetness in Saudi Arabia using remote sensing data and an information value (IV) model, which is a modified approach of weight of evidence. We used the new version of the Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM) to delineate the fluvial channels, mega-basin, and slope. These hydrological parameters were used to index the topographic wetness of each mega-basin in the region based on IV in a Geographic Information System. We validated our method using the Space Imaging Radar-C and Landsat 8 images and compared the textural features (fluvial channels) evident from SRTM digital elevation model and to determine whether these patterns were different. Our results revealed that the region is drained by nine tributaries and that the Err Rub Al Khali and Sahba mega-basins have the highest value of the IV and topographic wetness values; the Arran and coastal mega-basins have the lowest value of the IV and topographic wetness values. An integrated approach is timely and economically effective and can be applied throughout the arid and semi-arid regions to help hydrologists and urban developers. 相似文献
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Block falls are considered a significant aspect of surficial instability contributing to losses in land and socio-economic aspects through their damaging effects to natural and human environments. This paper predicts and maps the geographic distribution and volumes of block falls in central Lebanon using remote sensing, geographic information systems (GIS) and decision-tree modeling (un-pruned and pruned trees). Eleven terrain parameters (lithology, proximity to fault line, karst type, soil type, distance to drainage line, elevation, slope gradient, slope aspect, slope curvature, land cover/use, and proximity to roads) were generated to statistically explain the occurrence of block falls. The latter were discriminated using SPOT4 satellite imageries, and their dimensions were determined during field surveys. The un-pruned tree model based on all considered parameters explained 86% of the variability in field block fall measurements. Once pruned, it classifies 50% in block falls’ volumes by selecting just four parameters (lithology, slope gradient, soil type, and land cover/use). Both tree models (un-pruned and pruned) were converted to quantitative 1:50,000 block falls’ maps with different classes; starting from Nil (no block falls) to more than 4000 m3. These maps are fairly matching with coincidence value equal to 45%; however, both can be used to prioritize the choice of specific zones for further measurement and modeling, as well as for land-use management. The proposed tree models are relatively simple, and may also be applied to other areas (i.e. the choice of un-pruned or pruned model is related to the availability of terrain parameters in a given area). 相似文献
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以晕渲中的几何光学原理为基础,利用坡度坡向计算格网点灰度的方法,对晕渲中的光源设置和应用情况进行研究,提出利用地貌特征设置和调整光源方位及个数的方法,并针对不同的数据情况分析了光源应用的情况,对几种光源的设置和调整应用情况进行了说明和实验。本文对数字晕渲中光源的设置和应用的研究,提高了晕渲中光源使用技术的灵活性,可以有效改善数字晕渲图的质量。 相似文献
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基于坡度坡向的地貌晕渲实现研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文利用规则格网DEM数据,研究基于坡度坡向的地貌晕渲制作过程。通过选择合适的坡度坡向算法、光照模型和光照插值算法,实现基于坡度坡向的地貌晕渲。 相似文献
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Nowadays, Geostatistics and its various interpolation techniques have become a major threshold area in the field of research
in GIS. In this research work poorly sampled (less accurate height data relative to ICESat/GLAS height data) Cartosat-1 height
data has been used with well sampled (more accurate height data relative to Cartosat-1 height data) ICESat/GLAS LiDAR (Light
Detection and Ranging) height point data using Cokriging Interpolation technique, to study the effect of ICESat/GLAS on Cartosat-1
height data. Space borne LiDAR data has led researchers to explore its utilities in many applications. Space borne LiDAR data
can be acquired through space borne LiDAR sensors also, like; GLAS (Geoscience Laser Altimeter System) system onboard ICESat
(Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite) satellite. In this study, it has been tried to apply Cokriging interpolation on
two different sources of data sets, with a common variable (elevation) to generate DES and assessment of this surface has
been conducted by DGPS data. After optimizing Cokriging parameters, results of digital elevation surface (DES) generated using
Cokriging showed that RMSE has been second least than global polynomial in comparison to Kriging interpolation RMSE after
being evaluated by GPS values. So, global polynomial as well as cokriging interpolation technique out performs while comparing
with kriging technique for DES generation. 相似文献
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Space born systems like Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS) onboard collect data for ice, cloud and Land. Elevation satellite
(ICESat) collects an unparalleled data set as waveform over terrestrial targets, helps in evaluating the global elevation
data. In this study we compared the Digital Elevation Surface (DES) generated by Cartosat-1 point data and DES generated by
merging the Cartosat-1 data with ICESat data. Outputs in the form of interpolated surfaces were evaluated with the help of
differential global positioning system (DGPS) points collected from study area. The study showed the results that the DES
generated from Cartosat — 1 data had less elevation accuracy when compared with the DGPS data. While merging Cartosat-1 point
height data with ICESat/GLAS data resulted in better accuracy. On the practical side for processing the interpolation, based
on the research the ICESat /GLAS with Cartosat-1 height data can produce better DES compared to the Cartosat-1 stereo data.
The DES was generated using geostatistical interpolation methods in which the global polynomial method proved to be the better
for generating the surface compare to other interpolation techniques studied in this work. For co-kriging method, the accuracy
decreases compare to the kriging interpolation, due to the complexity of parameters that were used for interpolation. On the
theory side, based on this research the statement of which interpolation technique is better than the other cannot be mentioned
easily, because these are based on the data type, parameters and also on method of interpolation. So research experiment should
be more intensely and with more focused. 相似文献
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Enkhjargal Natsagdorj Martin Kappas Batchuluun Tseveen Chimgee Dari Oyunbileg Tsend 《地球空间信息科学学报》2017,20(1):46-55
Soil moisture (SM) content is one of the most important environmental variables in relation to land surface climatology, hydrology, and ecology. Long-term SM data-sets on a regional scale provide reasonable information about climate change and global warming specific regions. The aim of this research work is to develop an integrated methodology for SM of kastanozems soils using multispectral satellite data. The study area is Tuv (48°40′30″N and 106°15′55″E) province in the forest steppe zones in Mongolia. In addition to this, land surface temperature (LST) and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) from Landsat satellite images were integrated for the assessment. Furthermore, we used a digital elevation model (DEM) from ASTER satellite image with 30-m resolution. Aspect and slope maps were derived from this DEM. The soil moisture index (SMI) was obtained using spectral information from Landsat satellite data. We used regression analysis to develop the model. The model shows how SMI from satellite depends on LST, NDVI, DEM, Slope, and Aspect in the agricultural area. The results of the model were correlated with the ground SM data in Tuv province. The results indicate that there is a good agreement between output SM and SM of ground truth for agricultural area. Further research is focused on moisture mapping for different natural zones in Mongolia. The innovative part of this research is to estimate SM using drivers which are vegetation, land surface temperature, elevation, aspect, and slope in the forested steppe area. This integrative methodology can be applied for different regions with forest and desert steppe zones. 相似文献
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The LiDAR point clouds captured with airborne laser scanning provide considerably more information about the terrain surface than most data sources in the past. This rich information is not simply accessed and convertible to a high quality digital elevation model (DEM) surface. The aim of the study is to generate a homogeneous and high quality DEM with the relevant resolution, as a 2.5D surface. The study is focused on extraction of terrain (bare earth) points from a point cloud, using a number of different filtering techniques accessible by selected freeware. The proposed methodology consists of: (1) assessing advantages/disadvantages of different filters across the study area, (2) regionalization of the area according to the most suitable filtering results, (3) data fusion considering differently filtered point clouds and regions, and (4) interpolation with a standard algorithm. The resulting DEM is interpolated from a point cloud fused from partial point clouds which were filtered with multiscale curvature classification (MCC), hierarchical robust interpolation (HRI), and the LAStools filtering. An important advantage of the proposed methodology is that the selected landscape and datasets properties have been more holistically studied, with applied expert knowledge and automated techniques. The resulting highly applicable DEM fulfils geometrical (numerical), geomorphological (shape), and semantic quality properties. 相似文献
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本文侧重于介绍智能化摄影测量机器学习的高差拟合神经网络方法。观测手段和处理方式等限制导致全球高质量无缝DEM数据的缺乏,进而制约了它在水文、地质、气象及军事等领域的应用。本文提出了一种基于高差拟合神经网络的多源DEM融合方法,尝试融合全球DEM产品SRTM1、ASTER GDEM v2和激光雷达测高数据ICESat GLAS。首先,根据ICESat GLAS的相关参数及与DEM数据的高程差值,结合坡度自适应的思想设置高差阈值对ICESat GLAS进行滤波,剔除异常数据点。然后,以ICESat GLAS数据为控制点,利用神经网络模型拟合ASTER GDEM v2的误差分布。以地形坡度信息和经纬度坐标作为网络输入,ICESat GLAS和ASTER GDEM v2的高程差值作为目标输出,训练得到预测高差,将其与ASTER GDEM v2高程值相加即可获得校正结果。最后,引入TIN差分曲面的方法,利用校正后的ASTER GDEM v2高程值对SRTM1的数据空洞进行填充,融合生成空间无缝DEM。本文通过随机选取数据进行真实试验,对模型进行了精度验证,并给出了处理结果的定量评价和目视效果。结果表明,不论是空洞还是整体区域,本文方法相比其他DEM数据集和其他方法的处理结果都能够在RMSE上表现出优势,同时,本文提出的方法能够有效克服ASTER GDEM中异常值的影响,得到空间无缝DEM。 相似文献
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On 3 August 2014, an earthquake struck Ludian County, Yunnan Province, China, which has caused a large number of coseismic landslides. Visual interpretation permitted 284 and 1053 landslides before and after the event to be mapped, respectively. This work attempted to analyse these two kinds of landslides. Conditioning factors, such as slope angle, aspect, curvature, elevation, distance from drainages, intensity and lithology, and the index of Landslide Number Density (LND) were used to describe the spatial distribution of these landslides. Then, the pre-earthquake and coseismic landslide susceptibility maps were produced using the information value model. The areas under curve are 84.73 and 77.05%, for the pre-earthquake and coseismic landslides, respectively. The results show that the LND values as well as the information values of coseismic landslides are larger than those of the pre-earthquake case. This also indicates that this Ludian earthquake has a relatively larger ability to trigger landslides. 相似文献