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1.
Forward a spatio-temporal trend surface for long-term ground-measured albedo upscaling over heterogeneous land surface 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Xiaodan Wu Qing Xiao Dongqin You Qiang Liu Xingwen Lin 《International Journal of Digital Earth》2018,11(5):470-484
Upscaling ground albedo is challenged by the serious discrepancy between the heterogeneity of land surfaces and the small number of ground-based measurements. Conventional ground-based measurements cannot provide sufficient information on the characteristics of surface albedo at the scale of coarse pixels over heterogeneous land surfaces. One method of overcoming this problem is to introduce high-resolution albedo imagery as ancillary information for upscaling. However, due to the low frequency of updating of high-resolution albedo maps, upscaling time series of ground-based albedo measurements is difficult. This paper proposes a method that is based on the idea of conceptual universal scaling methodology for establishing a spatiotemporal trend surface using very few high-resolution images and time series of ground-based measurements for spatial-temporal upscaling of albedo. The construction of the spatiotemporal trend surface incorporates the spatial information provided by auxiliary remote sensing images and the temporal information provided by long time series of ground observations. This approach was illustrated by upscaling ground-based fine-scale albedo measurements to a coarse scale over the core study area in HiWATER. The results indicate that this method can characterize the spatiotemporal variations in surface albedo well, and the overall correlation coefficient was 0.702 during the study period. 相似文献
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The use of GPS for establishing height control in an area where levelling data are available can involve the so-called GPS/levelling technique. Modelling of the GPS/levelling geoid undulations has usually been carried out using polynomial surface fitting, least-squares collocation (LSC) and finite-element methods. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) have recently been used for many investigations, and proven to be effective in solving complex problems represented by noisy and missing data. In this study, a feed-forward ANN structure, learning the characteristics of the training data through the back-propagation algorithm, is employed to model the local GPS/levelling geoid surface. The GPS/levelling geoid undulations for Istanbul, Turkey, were estimated from GPS and precise levelling measurements obtained during a field study in the period 1998–99. The results are compared to those produced by two well-known conventional methods, namely polynomial fitting and LSC, in terms of root mean square error (RMSE) that ranged from 3.97 to 5.73 cm. The results show that ANNs can produce results that are comparable to polynomial fitting and LSC. The main advantage of the ANN-based surfaces seems to be the low deviations from the GPS/levelling data surface, which is particularly important for distorted levelling networks. 相似文献
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Precise gravity measurements have repeatedly been carried out in the area around Lake Biwa in Japan since 1950 in order to
detect the secular change of gravity. The results obtained so far show that gravity change observed on the west line of the
first order levelling route around the lake during the period of 1971∼1975 was consistent with the results of levelling surveys.
This evidence shows that precise gravity measurement is one of the powerful methods for detecting vertical crustal movement. 相似文献
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黄土台塬由于经常性的农业灌溉容易造成边缘区域滑坡发育。因此,需要利用有效手段对这些潜在的滑坡隐患进行早期识别与监测。利用时间序列合成孔径雷达干涉测量（interferometric synthetic aperture radar,InSAR）技术对2016-01至2018-08期间获取的升降轨Sentinel-1数据集进行分析,获取了甘肃永靖黑方台典型台塬地区的滑坡隐患分布情况。将InSAR结果与GPS观测资料进行对比,验证了时序InSAR处理方法的有效性。对该地区滑坡的历史变形分析表明,持续的农业灌溉引起的地下水位抬升是台塬边缘坡体失稳的主要诱因。同时,InSAR时序分析发现,研究区域内的跨黄河大桥受季节更替和温度波动的影响,存在周期性变形现象。实验结果证明了时序InSAR方法在地表变形监测中的有效性,可在黄土滑坡识别与监测防治中发挥重要作用。 相似文献
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Excessive groundwater extraction has caused land subsidence in a large rural area located southwest of Tehran, Iran. We used radar images to estimate the temporal and spatial variation in the magnitude of the subsidence. Due to the large perpendicular baselines and rapid temporal decorrelation of the available data, the application of conventional synthetic aperture radar interferometry (InSAR) to monitor the deformation was not possible. Instead, we applied a recently developed Persistent Scatterer InSAR (PSI) method but found that displacements were underestimated in some areas due to high deformation rates that cause temporal aliasing of the signal. We therefore developed a method that combines conventional InSAR and PSI to estimate the high deformation rates in the southwestern Tehran Basin. We used rates estimated from conventional small temporal baseline interferograms to reduce the likelihood of aliasing and then applied PSI to the residual phase. The method was applied to descending and ascending ENVISAT ASAR images spanning from 2003 to 2009. Mean line-of-sight velocities obtained from both orientations that were further decomposed into horizontal and vertical deformation components were highly compatible with each other, indicating the high performance of the applied method. The mean precision of the estimated vertical component is 2.5 mm/yr. We validated our results using measurements from a continuous GPS station located in one of the subsiding areas. The results also compare favourably with levelling data acquired over a different time interval. Finally, we compared the estimated displacements to hydraulic head variations and geologic profiles at several piezometric wells. We found that the geology is the most important factor controlling the subsidence rate in the southwestern Tehran Basin, regardless of the water level decline. 相似文献
7.
By using the fit of theoretical displacements on a fault according toMindlin andCheng (1950) dislocation theory, the vertical deformation field (maximum subsidence of 70 cm) associated to the Dec. 28 1908 MessinaM=7.0 earthquake is compared to the results of a spirit levelling survey that we performed in the Messina Straits area in 1981–1982.
The differences in level from the last levelling campaign in the area, completed in 1970, show that the coastlines have undergone
a moderate differential subsidence of about1 mm/year in the last decade. This is in agreement with the trend observed around 1908 and with the data of the Messina tide-gauge
relative to the period 1897–1908 and 1910–1918. The lack of data in the period 1918–1970 does not allow definite conclusions
about the vertical tectonic deformations in the area. Recent data on planimetric deformations have shown a South-North relative
motion of Sicily. A comparison with the theoretical displacements indicates that a pure dip-slip of4 cm on the 1908 fault system does explain the observed vertical deformation, but not the horizontal. 相似文献
8.
This paper presents new methodology for correcting interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) deformation maps using GPS observables and products. The methodology presents a sequential procedure for correcting the errors presented in InSAR deformation maps such as troposphere delay, ionosphere delay and baseline error. The main target of this research is to measure land deformations with geodetic accuracy using only one L-band interferogram with the aid of GPS observables and products. The proposed methodology was tested on Tokyo bay area which has been affected by the 2011 Tohoku earthquake. The results were verified against deformations detected by GPS stations and geodetic triangulation network showing a standard deviation of 5.6 and 10.5 mm, respectively. 相似文献
9.
Kousik Biswas Debashish Chakravarty Pabitra Mitra Arundhati Misra 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2017,45(6):913-926
Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR), nowadays, is a precise technique for monitoring and detecting ground deformation at a millimetric level over large areas using multi-temporal SAR images. Persistent Scatterer Interferometric SAR (PSInSAR), an advanced version of InSAR, is an effective tool for measuring ground deformation using temporally stable reference points or persistent scatterers. We have applied both PSInSAR and Small Baseline Subset (SBAS) methods, based on the spatial correlation of interferometric phase, to estimate the ground deformation and time-series analysis. In this study, we select Las Vegas, Nevada, USA as our test area to detect the ground deformation along satellite line-of-sight (LOS) during November 1992–September 2000 using 44 C-band SAR images of the European Remote Sensing (ERS-1 and ERS-2) satellites. We observe the ground displacement rate of Las Vegas is in the range of ?19 to 8 mm/year in the same period. We also cross-compare PSInSAR and SBAS using mean LOS velocity and time-series. The comparison shows a correlation coefficient of 0.9467 in the case of mean LOS velocity. Along this study, we validate the ground deformation results from the satellite with the ground water depth of Las Vegas using time-series analysis, and the InSAR measurements show similar patterns with ground water data. 相似文献
10.
根据InSAR观测量对南北向形变不敏感的特点,将内插GPS数据得到的南北向形变场信息和InSAR监测数据进行集成和融合解算,提取三维形变场。该方法有效避免了因直接忽略南北向形变而带来的精度影响问题,较好地改善了垂向形变场的反演精度。以西安市作为研究区域,融合EnviSat ASAR、ALOS PALSAR及GPS数据,反演西安市2009—2010年在东西向和垂向的绝对的年平均形变速率场(形变场),并与11个水准监测结果进行比对,发现融合反演法不仅能提供三维形变场,而且反演的垂向精度明显优于忽略南北向形变后的反演形变结果,从而对西安市地表形变有更深入的认识。 相似文献
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Summary A new basic geodetic network using the GPS technique is now being set up in France. There will be altogether 1000 benchmarks connected to the French levelling network. Obviously, the GPS levelling points are not dense enough to produce a national levelling reference surface. A gravimetrically determined geoid has therefore been proposed to be used for the interpolation between the GPS levelling points. However, because of long-wavelength errors, we consider that a gravimetric geoid does not have sufficient accuracy. A regression by fitting the gravimetrically determined geoid to the GPS levelling points is generally proposed. Unfortunately, this country-wide geoid fitting work cannot eliminate local deformations in the geoid, which happen in areas where there are errors or shortages of gravity or DTM data. This paper proposes and discusses a combined adjustment method. The principle is to divide up the geoid into small pieces and then to adjust them to the GPS levelling points locally with constraint conditions for the common points of the adjacent pieces. In order to benefit from the advantages of the high resolution and high relative accuracy of the gravimetric geoid, as well as the high absolute accuracy of the GPS levelling points, we establish respectively a relative observation equation for the difference of the gravimetric geoid undulation and an absolute observation equation for the GPS levelling points. Finally, we adjust the observation equations as a whole. Several global and local systematic errors are also taken into account and some special cases, such as adjustment in groups and blunder detection, are also discussed. 相似文献
14.
随着全球气候变化和人类活动剧增,青藏高原的多年冻土环境逐渐变得越来越脆弱。作为青藏高原最重要的基础设施之一,青藏输电线路已于2011年建成并投入使用。由于恶劣的气候和冻土的冻融作用,青藏输电线路部分区域的稳定性遭到破坏,为了保障输电线路的安全运营,需要对输电杆塔稳定性进行监测。传统监测方法（GPS和水准测量）对输电杆塔形变监测存在局限性。本文使用TerraSAR-X ST模式高分辨率SAR数据,采用考虑温度热膨胀形变模型的时序InSAR方法对青藏高原北麓河地区的输电线路杆塔进行形变监测,获得了输电杆塔和通信铁塔的形变速度、高度和热膨胀。结果证实了高分辨率时序InSAR技术在输变电工程形变监测应用中具有广阔的应用前景。 相似文献
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在介绍永久散射体与短基线集雷达干涉测量方法的基础上,以辽宁省盘锦市为例,运用两种方法研究了其市区地表形变特征。对比升降轨永久散射体方法与短基线方法所得到的形变平均速率和时序分析可知,两种方法所得的研究区域的地表形变趋势较为可靠,且以垂直沉降为主,新城区是最大沉降区域,最大下沉速率达20 mm/a,其他区域较为稳定。 相似文献
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目前北斗卫星导航系统(BDS)、连续运行参考站系统(CORS)和合成孔径雷达干涉测量(InSAR)技术发展迅猛,前景广阔. 但是利用上述技术监测库区形变研究聚焦点是人工建筑,并未验证BDS的可用性,也未融合CORS技术的优势. 针对此问题,结合BDS和CORS高时间分辨率,InSAR高空间分辨率的优势,以龙羊峡库区为研究区域探索合适的结合监测方案. 研究结果表明:龙羊峡库区在研究时期内存在大面积的地表形变区,最大沉降速率52.48 mm/a;最大抬升速率43.60 mm/a;以全球卫星导航系统(GNSS)静态解算成果为参考值进行验证,BDS实时动态(RTK)差分监测成果的精度为7.1 mm,InSAR监测成果的精度为4.4 mm,均满足形变监测的精度要求;采用InSAR进行大面积形变区筛选,再结合CORS利用BDS进行重点区域实时动态差分监测的模式对水库全方位形变监测是可行的. 相似文献
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针对近年来城市大建设背景下的基坑施工建设日益增多,对周边一定范围内的建筑物等目标产生影响的现象,该文提出面向单体建筑物的InSAR监测与应用方法。该方法基于时间序列的SAR影像进行面向对象的InSAR分析,在区分地面沉降与建筑物沉降的基础上,提取建筑物的沉降信息并结合基坑、建筑物特征等背景资料开展建筑物的灾害评估分析。以天津市和平区某基坑周边的渤海大楼为例,进行高分辨率的InSAR监测与应用分析,并以同步实测的水准数据为参考进行有效性评估。实验结果验证了该算法的有效性,适用于建筑物InSAR监测应用。 相似文献
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多时相双极化合成孔径雷达干涉测量土地覆盖分类方法 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
综合采用时相、极化和干涉3种维度的SAR数据进行土地覆盖分类。以黑龙江省逊克县多时相ALOS PALSAR数据覆盖区为研究区,利用不同时相极化SAR、干涉SAR信号对地物特征的敏感性,结合后向散射强度和干涉相干的时变特征进行地物解译,发展了基于多时相、多极化、干涉SAR数据的SVM土地覆盖分类方法。研究结果表明,引入双极化SAR中不同极化(HH-HV)间的相干系数,并结合所选择的时相特征、极化特征以及干涉相干特征进行分类,可解决双极化SAR影像中林地与城市及建设用地的混分问题,得到更高精度的土地覆盖分类结果。 相似文献
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The density of GPS measurements is usually one of the key issues in resolving 3-D coseismic deformation field from integrating GPS and Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) measurements with pure mathematic interpolation methods An approach that combines the elastic dislocation model with the Best Quadratic Unbiased Estimator (BQUE) or a robust estimation method named IGG (Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics) is proposed to reconstruct 3-D coseismic deformation field, in which only a small amount of GPS data is needed to produce a reasonable initial 3-D coseismic deformation. Then the BQUE and IGG are used to weight the InSAR and GPS measurements to avoid computational issues caused by the negative variance problem and to decrease the impact from gross errors. The Wenchuan earthquake is used to test the proposed method. We find that the developed method makes it possible to use only a few GPSs and InSAR data to recover the 3-D coseismic deformation field, which offers extensive future usage for measuring earthquake deformation, particularly in some tectonically active regions with sparse GPS measurements. 相似文献
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在卫星编队的InSAR系统中，由于参与编队的各卫星相对位置不断变化，故其基线值也在不断变化，导致InSAR数据处理的难度增加，因此，需要对基线进行具体分析。本文在总结了卫星编队InSAR基线特点的基础上，分析了基线误差对InSAR高程测量精度的影响，简要介绍了基线测量的方法。 相似文献