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ABSTRACTUrban functions are closely related to people’s spatiotemporal activity patterns, transportation needs, and a city’s business distribution and development trends. Studies investigating urban functions have used different data sources, such as remotely sensed imageries, observation, photography, and cognitive maps. However, these data sources usually suffer from low spatial, temporal, and thematic resolution. This article attempts to investigate human activities to understand urban functions through crowdsourcing social media data. In this study, we mined Twitter and Foursquare data to extract and analyze six types of human activities. The spatiotemporal analysis revealed hotspots for different activity intensities at different temporal resolution. We also applied the classified model in a real-time system to extract information of various urban functions. This study demonstrates the significance and usefulness of social sensing in analyzing urban functions. By combining different platforms of social media data and analyzing people’s geo-tagged city experience, this article contributes to leverage voluntary local knowledge to better depict human dynamics, discover spatiotemporal city characteristics, and convey information about cities. 相似文献
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Rapid flood mapping is critical for local authorities and emergency responders to identify areas in need of immediate attention. However, traditional data collection practices such as remote sensing and field surveying often fail to offer timely information during or right after a flooding event. Social media such as Twitter have emerged as a new data source for disaster management and flood mapping. Using the 2015 South Carolina floods as the study case, this paper introduces a novel approach to mapping the flood in near real time by leveraging Twitter data in geospatial processes. Specifically, in this study, we first analyzed the spatiotemporal patterns of flood-related tweets using quantitative methods to better understand how Twitter activity is related to flood phenomena. Then, a kernel-based flood mapping model was developed to map the flooding possibility for the study area based on the water height points derived from tweets and stream gauges. The identified patterns of Twitter activity were used to assign the weights of flood model parameters. The feasibility and accuracy of the model was evaluated by comparing the model output with official inundation maps. Results show that the proposed approach could provide a consistent and comparable estimation of the flood situation in near real time, which is essential for improving the situational awareness during a flooding event to support decision-making. 相似文献
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Mapping collective human activity in an urban environment based on mobile phone data 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Identifying and characterizing variations of human activity – specifically changes in intensity and similarity – in urban environments provide insights into the social component of those eminently complex systems. Using large volumes of user-generated mobile phone data, we derive mobile communication profiles that we use as a proxy for the collective human activity. In this article, geocomputational methods and geovisual analytics such as self-organizing maps (SOM) are used to explore the variations of these profiles, and its implications for collective human activity. We evaluate the merits of SOM as a cross-dimensional clustering technique and derived temporal trajectories of variations within the mobile communication profiles. The trajectories’ characteristics such as length are discussed, suggesting spatial variations in intensity and similarity in collective human activity. Trajectories are linked back to the geographic space to map the spatial and temporal variation of trajectory characteristics. Different trajectory lengths suggest that mobile phone activity is correlated with the spatial configuration of the city, and so at different times of the day. Our approach contributes to the understanding of the space-time social dynamics within urban environments. 相似文献
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以《广州城市地图集》及其移动版增强现实(augmented reality,AR)互动电子地图的设计与研发为例,从城市地图集的内容选题、可视化表达和成果应用方面,探索城市地图集对城市文化的挖掘和表达,并介绍了AR技术、图像自动识别技术、矢量瓦片电子地图、HTML5动态网页、全景和三维电子地图在《广州城市地图集》移动版中的创新应用方式,可为其他城市地图集和综合地图集的编制提供借鉴和参考。 相似文献
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随着快速城市化进程,我国东南沿海一些城市新增了大量的城市建设用地,影响到了城市的人居环境,诱发了城市热的环境问题。探索城市热环境时空布局与变化特征,分析变化原因对城市可持续发展和人居环境质量改善具有重要的现实意义。本文以东莞市为例,以1986—2017年间8个时相Landsat系列卫星影像为数据源,利用单通道算法对东莞市地表温度进行定量反演,分析东莞城市热环境的时空分布特征及其变化,并探讨其影响因素。结果表明,东莞市30多年的城市热环境主要表现为热岛的分布格局,由零散的点状分布逐渐发展成沿着主要交通路线的带状分布;东莞市城镇/街道中心的地表温度明显高于郊区、村落,存在较强的热岛效应;1986—2017年东莞市的热岛比例指数总体呈上升趋势,从0.06上升到0.15,在2009年东莞市热岛效应达到最高。研究结果对合理规划东莞城市建设,促进城市建设可持续发展等方面具有重要意义。 相似文献
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The recent study and classification of over 200 cadastral maps created in the nineteenth century in Catalonia have provided a valuable source of information about the agricultural landscape country’s past, but by linking them with data recorded in tax books known as amillaramientos, it is possible to gain a better knowledge of the past. By applying this method to the 1861 cadastral map of Horta and its corresponding amillaramiento, a planimetric map showing the land use distribution in the town was created. The resulting land use map was subsequently overlaid on top of a digital elevation model to create 3D visualizations which show the altitudinal distribution of crops and other features. Finally, the article explores a way of distributing the results online, making them accessible to the public and increasing the research impact of future findings. Therefore, the method described in this article allows the systematic recreation and distribution of past landscapes by using Catalan cadastral maps of the nineteenth century, something which can help enrich the scientific knowledge of many disciplines. 相似文献
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ABSTRACTMassive social media data produced from microblog platforms provide a new data source for studying human dynamics at an unprecedented scale. Meanwhile, population bias in geotagged Twitter users is widely recognized. Understanding the demographic and socioeconomic biases of Twitter users is critical for making reliable inferences on the attitudes and behaviors of the population. However, the existing global models cannot capture the regional variations of the demographic and socioeconomic biases. To bridge the gap, we modeled the relationships between different demographic/socioeconomic factors and geotagged Twitter users for the whole contiguous United States, aiming to understand how the demographic and socioeconomic factors relate to the number of Twitter users at county level. To effectively identify the local Twitter users for each county of the United States, we integrate three commonly used methods and develop a query approach in a high-performance computing environment. The results demonstrate that we can not only identify how the demographic and socioeconomic factors relate to the number of Twitter users, but can also measure and map how the influence of these factors vary across counties. 相似文献
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The implementation of social network applications on mobile platforms has significantly elevated the activity of mobile social networking. Mobile social networking offers a channel for recording an individual’s spatiotemporal behaviors when location-detecting capabilities of devices are enabled. It also facilitates the study of time geography on an individual level, which has previously suffered from a scarcity of georeferenced movement data. In this paper, we report on the use of georeferenced tweets to display and analyze the spatiotemporal patterns of daily user trajectories. For georeferenced tweets having both location information in longitude and latitude values and recorded creation time, we apply a space–time cube approach for visualization. Compared to the traditional methodologies for time geography studies such as the travel diary-based approach, the analytics using social media data present challenges broadly associated with those of Big Data, including the characteristics of high velocity, large volume, and heterogeneity. For this study, a batch processing system has been developed for extracting spatiotemporal information from each tweet and then creating trajectories of each individual mobile Twitter user. Using social media data in time geographic research has the benefits of study area flexibility, continuous observation and non-involvement with contributors. For example, during every 30-minute cycle, we collected tweets created by about 50,000 Twitter users living in a geographic region covering New York City to Washington, DC. Each tweet can indicate the exact location of its creator when the tweet was posted. Thus, the linked tweets show a Twitter users’ movement trajectory in space and time. This study explores using data intensive computing for processing Twitter data to generate spatiotemporal information that can recreate the space–time trajectories of their creators. 相似文献
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城市的快速扩张导致人地矛盾激化,土地利用效率下降.分析并预测城市发展状态,可以实现土地资源的合理配置,为城市发展提供合理规划.本文以鸡西市市辖区为例,利用Logistic-CA模型进行城市扩张模拟及趋势特征分析.结果表明:1)鸡西市在2005—2015年间城市处于低速扩张阶段,土地利用效率较低,城市发展较为分散;2)通... 相似文献
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地理市情监测是利用空间信息技术对地理市情的现状与变化进行动态监测、统计和分析,客观准确地反映各类地理环境要素的空间分布,并揭示其时空分布规律的活动。本文探讨了武汉市地理市情监测的标准体系建设、监测内容、关键技术路线等,对地理市情要素进行动态监测和统计分析,定期发布监测和分析成果,有效促进了该项工作的业务化、规范化和常态化。 相似文献
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Matthew Haffner 《Transactions in GIS》2018,22(4):913-929
The use of social media data in geographic studies has become common, yet the question of social media's validity in such contexts is often overlooked. Social media data suffers from a variety of biases and limitations; nevertheless, with a proper understanding of the drawbacks, these data can be powerful. As cities seek to become “smarter,” they can potentially use social media data to creatively address the needs of their most vulnerable groups, such as ethnic minorities. However, questions remain unanswered regarding who uses these social networking platforms, how people use these platforms, and how representative social media data is of users' everyday lives. Using several forms of regression, I explore the relationships between a conventional data source (the U.S. Census) and a subset of Twitter data potentially representative of minority groups: tweets created by users with an account language other than English. A considerable amount of non‐stationarity is uncovered, which should serve as a warning against sweeping statements regarding the demographics of users and where people prefer to post. Further, I find that precisely located Twitter data informs us more about the digital status of places and less about users' day‐to‐day travel patterns. 相似文献
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Cihan Uysal Derya Maktav Christopher Small 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2018,46(8):1307-1322
In Istanbul, one of the most densely populated cities of Turkey, the population has grown rapidly over the last 30 years. In addition to being one of the rapidly flourishing cities in Europe, the city is positioned on the seismically active North Anatolian Fault (NAF). The form and rate of Istanbul’s fast urban growth has serious implications for seismic hazards. There have been some studies to map lateral urban growth for the city but they do not give satisfactory information about vertical urban growth and seismic hazards. We use DMSP night lights and Landsat data to map changes in land cover-land use in and around the city since 1984, and determine relations of these changes with the NAF. Changes in land use and intensity of development are identified by changes in night light brightness while changes in land cover are identified by changes in land surface reflectance. Aggregate changes in reflectance are represented as changes in subpixel mixtures of the most functionally and spectrally distinct spectral endmembers of land cover. Using standardized global endmembers, SVD composite images were produced for 1984, 2000 and 2011 and fraction change (δSVD) maps were produced for the decadal intervals. The results show that most of the urban expansion has occurred near the NAF. This has serious implications for seismic hazards in the future if the progression of large earthquakes continues to move westward toward the city. 相似文献
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目前,对于城市1∶500数字化地形图数据的获取与更新中,全野外数字测图仍是主要的测绘方式。如何利用新的测量手段提高生产效率和降低劳动强度,是值得关注的问题。文中阐述无人机和地面三维激光扫描仪新技术在城市基本地形图测绘中的应用,利用无人机航测生产的1∶500正射影像图成果,辅助进行全野外测图;利用地面三维激光扫描仪,将快速获取的三维点云数据加以处理,用于测绘成果质量检查。通过这些新技术,对提高1∶500城市基本地形图的生产效率进行有益的尝试,对同类工程具有借鉴意义。 相似文献
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以长株潭主城区为研究对象,综合考虑卫星遥感数据、土地利用数据以及地理国情普查数据特点建立长株潭用地类型分类系统,应用土地利用转移矩阵和景观人为干扰测度模型获取主城区用地转移矩阵和人为干扰度指数时空分布,探讨长株潭主城区生态景观与人为干扰之间的关系。结果表明:从土地利用变化角度,1978—2015年长株潭主城区耕地、园林地、建设用地发生了显著变化,耕地总体上呈持续下降趋势,从3 544.67 km~2下降到2 571.18 km~2,园林地呈现先下降后升高的变化趋势,总体下降177.89 km~2;建设用地呈持续上升趋势,从80.56 km~2增加到1 252.85 km~2;在1994—2000年和2010—2015年长株潭主城区土地利用变化两个典型阶段,建设用地的增加主要通过占用耕地和园林地的方式实现。景观人为干扰指数时空分析表明:1978—2015年长株潭主城区景观人为干扰指数高值区主要集中在中心城市和其周边地区,在人类活动的影响下,中心城区以耕地、园林地向建设用地转移为主,周边地区主要以耕地和园林地的相互转移为主;随着城市化进程持续加快,人类活动对主城区生态景观的影响总体呈加强趋势,且受人类活动干扰主要集中在中心城区。 相似文献
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基于遥感的长沙-株洲-湘潭城市扩展研究 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：10
通过实地考察建立图像解译标志,利用多时相遥感图像序列,形成城市变化图,研究长沙、株洲、湘潭（简称长、株、潭）1966～1999年不同时期城市特征、扩展方式、方位和速度,并对2000～2010年城市发展状况进行初步预测.研究结果表明： 长、株、潭城市在不同时期有基本相同的扩展方式; 扩展方位并非三市融合方向; 扩展速度呈指数增展,且长沙市的扩展速度明显高于株、潭两市的扩展速度; 2000～2010年间长、株、潭城市仍将高速扩展,三市将进一步融合. 相似文献
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Voronoi图在河南省城市网络研究中的应用 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
在讨论Voronoi图与中心地空间系统模型的基础上，运用Voronoi图分析了河南省城市网络，发现了河南省城市体系的一些新的分布特征和潜在的新兴城市。 相似文献
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Temporal changes in the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) have been widely used in vegetation mapping due to the usefulness of NDVI data in distinguishing characteristic seasonal differences in the phenology of greenness of vegetation cover. Research has also shown that NDVI provides potential to derive meaningful metrics that describe ecosystem functions. In this paper, we have applied both unsupervised “k-means” classification and supervised minimum distance classification as derived from temporal changes in NDVI measured in 1997 along the North Eastern China Transect (NECT), and we have also utilized the same two classification methods together with NDVI-derived metrics, namely maximum NDVI, mean NDVI, NDVI amplitude, NDVI threshold, total length of growing season, fraction of growing season during greenup, rate of greenup, rate of senescence, integrated NDVI during the growing season, and integrated NDVI during greenup/integrated NDVI during senescence to map vegetation. The main objectives of this study are: (1) to test the relative performance of NDVI temporal profile metrics and NDVI-derived metrics for vegetation cover discrimination in NECT; (2) to test the relative performance of unsupervised (k-means) and supervised (minimum distance) methods for vegetation mapping; (3) to test the accuracy of the IGBP-DIS released land cover map for NECT; (4) to provide an up-to-date vegetation map for NECT. The results suggest that the classifications based on NDVI temporal profile metrics have higher accuracies than those based on any other metrics, such as NDVI-derived metrics, or all (NDVI temporal profile metrics + NDVI-derived metrics), or 15 metrics (NDVI temporal profile + Rate of greenup, Rate of senescence, and Integrated NDVI in greenup/integrated NDVI in senescence) for both methods. And among them, unsupervised k-means classification had the highest overall accuracy of 52% and Kappa coefficient of 0.2057. Both unsupervised (k-means) and supervised (minimum distance) methods achieved similar accuracies for the same metrics. The accuracy of IGBP-DIS released land cover map had an overall accuracy of 37% and a Kappa coefficient is 0.1441, and can improve to 46% by decomposing the crop/natural vegetation mosaic to cropland and other natural vegetation types. The results support using unsupervised k-means classification based on NDVI temporal profile metrics to provide an up-to-date vegetation cover classification. However, new effort is necessary in the future in order to improve the overall performance on this issue. 相似文献
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颜惠庆 《测绘与空间地理信息》2012,(3):72-75
通过分析当前城市电子地图色彩设计中存在的问题,提出了城市电子地图色调分类理论,探讨了该理论产生的原因和理论概况。通过对各种城市电子地图色调分类的粗略比较,将地图色调宽泛地定义为五种基本类型:清新淡雅型、热烈奔放型、知性沉稳型、甜美柔媚型和专业高效型。通过大量的检索和实践,分别归纳得出各个类型的地图色调配色参考系数,从而搭建出一个城市电子地图色调定位的色彩设计数据库并进行了实践。实践表明该库的建立对普通用户设计地图提供了一定的帮助,具有一定的实用价值。 相似文献
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This study attempts to ascertain the spatial and temporal variations in the evolution of Indian cities using multi-date remote sensing data. A two-stage object-based nearest neighbour classification approach with hierarchical segmentation was used to extract built-up area in selected small, medium and large cities, whereas object-based temporal inversion was applied for change analysis. The temporal trend of net population density, degree of scattered development and compactness of urban core in each city was determined using the built-up area. The study observed a declining trend in growth rate of built-up area in small and medium sized-cities, in contrast to large cities. However, the net population density in cities of all types is decreasing as urban growth has outpaced the corresponding population growth. Furthermore, small and medium cities indicated greater tendency for scattered development in comparison to large cities, whereas the core urban areas of the later appeared relatively less compact. 相似文献