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1.
The Keoladeo National Park, Bharatpur, a man-made fresh water wetland carved out of a natural depression on the floodplain of two minor tributaries of the Yamuna-Gambhir and the Banganga is the country’s finest waterfowl habitat. This important wetland was set aside as a bird sanctuary in 1956 and it was elevated to the status of a National Park in 1981. It was also designated a Ramsar site- a wetland of international importance under the Ramsar convention. This important wetland has distinction of being the only Indian wetland to be included under both the Ramsar and the World Heritage convention. The attempt has been made to evaluate the habitat of Sarus crane in the Keoladeo National Park using satellite data — IRS LISS III and PAN merged product and GIS. Geocoded data of IRS —1C LISS III of 21 March 1999 on 1: 50,000 scale and PAN data of March 17, 1999 were used to generate the vegetation cover type map and open water. The maps showing drainage, human habitations, contours, roads, etc. were prepared using the Survey of India topographical sheets and contour map of park area. Information regarding habitat parameters was collected from the existing literature and field observations. The Sarus crane mainly fed in the wetland on the rhizome ofNymphaea sp.,Scirpus tuberosus andEleocharis plantaginea. As there were changes in their habitat requirements at different seasons, the sighting of Sarus crane in each habitat were recorded along with the time and activity during observation. The most utilized habitat for the entire period of study was moderately wet grassland followed by pools. The pools were used mainly during the summer. The water depth requirement observed was between 30–40 cm and 20–40 cm. The suitability maps for Sarus crane were then generated using all remote sensing based and conventional information using rule based equations in the GIS within the Keoladeo National Park.  相似文献   

2.
Habitat analysis for sambar in terms of food, cover, water, space and extent of edge in Corbett National Park using remote sensing and GIS has been attempted. Other physical parameters include climate, topography, fire history, disturbance regimes, weeds etc. IRS-IB LISS II data (FCC, hardcopy) on 1:50.000 scale was interpreted to generate vegetation cover and density map. Other maps showing drainage, water bodies, roads, human habitations and contours were prepared using Survey of India topographical maps. During evaluation of sambar habitat information regarding habitat parameters and their tolerance was collected from existing literature as well as during field observations. Twenty-two transects of one km. length were laid down in all the strata randomly to collect information regarding the structure and composition of the forest and also habitat use (direct and indirect evidences) by sambar. This was then integrated using condition-based equations in the GIS domain to generate suitability maps. Actual sightings on the ground to a large extent supported the results.  相似文献   

3.
Rajaji National Park in U.P. is a protected area where large number of nomad population live within the park area. Their dependence on the forest for cattle rearing and firewood has caused degradation of the forests. Proximity to settlements outside the park further adds to the problems. In the present study, forest cover and river, bed changes have been attempted by using temporal aerospace data of the year 1960 and 1993. Subsequently, PAMAP GIS package has been used for the change detection analysis. The study indicates that the land cover changes are mainly due to biotic factors. Some of the important changes in forest cover are: (i) transformation of mixed forest to scrub forest in 67 ha (ii) the sal mixed and mixed sal forest categories have replaced sal forest in 262 ha (iii) significant increase in forest plantation i.e. 2075 ha in the year 1960 to 3793 ha in 1993 (iv) eighteen times increase in Chirpine area, it increased from 13 ha in 1960 to 230 ha in 1993. The land cover changes in 6663 ha (45%) out of 14962 ha of the study area. The consequential changes in the river beds due to the change in the forest cover was also analyzed. During this period river beds with boulders have increased by 87 ha. These river bed changes include lengthening and broadening of river and change in river course.  相似文献   

4.
Biomass burning from vegetation fires is an important source of greenhouse gas emissions. In this study, we quantify biomass burning emissions from grasslands from the highly sensitive Kaziranga National Park, Assam, Northeast India. Most of the fires in the park are ‘controlled burning fires’ set by the park officials for management purposes. We evaluated the short-term impacts of fires and the resulting air pollution through integrating biomass burnt information from satellite remote sensing datasets. IRS-P6 Advanced Wide Field Sensor (AWiFS) data during March and April corresponding to dry season were evaluated to delineate the burnt areas. These burnt area estimates were then integrated with biomass data and emission factors for quantifying the greenhouse gas emissions. Results suggested that of the total study area of 37,822 ha, nearly 3163.282 ha has been burnt during March, 2005. Within one month, the burnt area increased to 7443.92 ha by April, i.e., from 8.36% to 19.68%. In total, biomass burning from the grasslands contributed to 29.65 Tg CO2, 1.19 Tg CO, 0.071 Tg NOx, 0.042 Tg CH4, 0.0625 Tg total non-methane hydrocarbons, 0.152 Tg of particulate matter, and 0.062 Tg of organic carbon and 0.008 Tg of black carbon during April. The importance of ‘fire’ as a management tool for maintaining the wildlife habitat has been highlighted in addition to some of the adverse affects of air pollution resulting from such management practices. The results from this study will be useful to forest officials as well as policy makers to undertake some sustainable forest management practices to maintain an ideal habitat for Kaziranga's wildlife.  相似文献   

5.
Abstract

This study advocates the use of GIS and remote sensing technologies to establish urban evolution maps and assess the impact of urbanization on agricultural areas over the last three decades. The target area is the city of Béni‐Mellal, located in central Morocco. The methodology adopted makes use of panchromatic SPOT images to survey the urban areas during the 1980s and 1990s. Available topographic maps provided the information for the 1970s. Maps and statistics of land use and urban growth for Béni Mellal were established after manually classifying images on a per-polygon basis and digitizing topographic maps using GIS capabilities. The results show an increase in dense urban area by 980.7 ha from the 1970s to the 1990s. This increase occurred at the expense of forests (24.7 ha), plantations (752.3 ha), rangeland (113.4 ha), non‐irrigated land (69.7 ha), and irrigated land (20.6 ha). During this period, scattered urban areas, predominantly suburbs, increased by 755.9 ha to the detriment of forests (14.9 ha), plantations (109.8 ha), rangeland (138.9 ha), non‐irrigated land(400.5 ha), and irrigated land (91.9 ha). These cartographic and statistic results are efficient decision‐making tools for protecting agricultural land and planning urban and suburban areas.  相似文献   

6.
Morphometric analysis of two sub-watersheds was carried using remote sensing and GIS techniques. Detailed drainage map prepared from aerial photographs and SOI toposheets was updated using latest IRS-ID PAN sharpened LISS-III analog data. Updated drainage maps were used for the morphometric analysis of the two sub-watersheds. Both the sub-watersheds show dendritic to sub-dendritic drainage pattern with moderate drainage texture. High bifurcation ratio indicates a strong structural control on the drainage. Logarithm of number of stream vs. stream order show deviation from straight line indicating regional upliftment. In spite of mountainous relief, low drainage density values indicate that the area is underlain by impermeable sub-surface material. Circulatory and elongation ratios show that both the sub-watersheds have elongated shape.  相似文献   

7.
Employing integrated remote sensing and GIS technology the western most part of Tripura region (Northeast India) and adjoining Bangladesh region has been investigated in the light of its geomorphological characteristics. Nature of fold ridges, several streams and the respective drainage basins are well depicted in satellite images and digital elevation model providing meaningful information. Quantitative parameters such as stream sinuosity, drainage basin asymmetry, basin elongation ratio have been computed. Main rivers of the study area, namely the Gomti and Khowai follows extremely meandering path and crosses through the transversely faulted anticlinal ridges. Fluvial anomalies viz. shift in stream channel and the abandoned meandering loops have been inferred and mapped. The Haora river in the study area exhibits northward shift in some part. Development of drainage system towards north and south from the drainage divide along the latitude 23°45′N indicated up arching of the region which is also corroborated by the extracted topographic profiles. It has been observed that several tributary streams have gone dry and agricultural fields are developed along the dried up stream. These derived parameters remained useful to understand the nature of topographical modification attributed to the possible tectonic activity.  相似文献   

8.
基于遥感和GIS的区域生态环境分类研究   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2  
本文以石羊河流域为例,研究了基于卫星遥感数据与数字高程模型的区域生态环境分类方法。其研究 机理是:利用遥感技术获取相关生态环境专题信息,运用GIS空间分析技术自动生成流域范围的生态环境边界, 形成了一种科学的区域生态环境分类方法。  相似文献   

9.
Groundwater exploration and modelling requires hydrological parameters and a large volume of hydrologic database. This study integrates remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) to map and classify hydrological parameters indicates areas of groundwater recharge and discharge. Bivariate quadratic surfaces with moving window size of 5 × 5 were fitted to the digital elevation model and drainage basins, drainage network, topographic wetness index (TWI) and hydroforms were derived. The eight-direction algorithm (D8) that determines in which neighbouring pixel any water in a central pixel will flow naturally was used to delineate drainage basin and drainage network in the study area. The TWI was used to quantify the effect of local topography on hydrological processes and for modelling soil moisture. The results indicate the presence of intensive of stream network (1336 km2), wettest zones and accumulation zones (63.99 km2) within Wadi Bih, the UAE and Wadi Khasb, Oman, suggesting regional recharge.  相似文献   

10.
Geospatial modelling for goral habitat evaluation   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
This study attempts to evaluate the habitat suitability of Chilla Sanctuary of Rajaji National Park for goral(Nemorhaedus goral) spread over 25859 sq km area. The IRS-1B false colour imagery, Survey of India topographical maps and ground observations were used to generate the spatial information on the extent of forest cover, waterholes, slope, settlements and the road network in and around the Sanctuary. The geospatial modelling was attempted using Arc/Info geographic information system (GIS). While proximity to waterholes, open forests with intermittent grasslands and steep slopes (30 degree or more) were considered as favourable conditions, the proximity to roads/settlements and flat terrain was taken as unfavourable condition. The results of this study showed that about 14 per cent area of the Sanctuary is highly to moderately suitable for goral. An additional 5 per cent area becomes available to goralif gujjars (tribals living inside sanctuary) are settled outside the sanctuary. Besides highlighting the endangered condition of the habitat for goral, this study demonstrates potential of remote sensing and GIS techniques for wildlife habitat suitability evaluation.  相似文献   

11.
Sodicland reclamation in the Indo-Gangetic plains is being done on a large scale in the states of Uttar Pradesh, Punjab and Haryana in India. However, in certain areas, the reclamation has been reported to be unsustainable and the soils are reverting back to sodicity condition. A study was conducted in one of the reclamation sites of Etawah district for sustainability assessment of sodic land reclamation using remote sensing, Geographic Information system (GIS) and ancillary ground information. Multitemporal satellite data were used for delineation of reclaimed sodiclands and reverted sodic land. Field survey was conducted to find out the various causative factors. Groundwater level information and detailed field survey data were analysed in GIS environment. Results showed that in the reclamation site covering 3,905 ha. in 57 villages of the district, about 27 per cent of reclaimed lands were reverted to sodicity. High water table condition, improper drainage, nearness to canal (within 500 m), and hard pan in the sub-soil were found to be the reasons for unsustainability of reclamation.  相似文献   

12.
The study area is a part of Kagna river basin in the Gulburga district of Karnataka, India. It covers an area of 1320 km2 and it has been subdivided into 4 sub-basins namely Wadi, Chitapur, Sedam and Kurkunta, which range in area from 184 to 537 km2. The drainage pattern of these sub-basins are delineated using Geo-coded FCC bands 2,3,4 of IRS 1C and 1D(LISS III+PAN merged) on 1:50,000 scale and Survey of India toposheets as reference. The morphometric parameters are computed using ArcInfo and ArcView GIS softwares. The drainage pattern of the study area is dendritic to sub-dendritic with stream orders ranging from IV to VII orders. Drainage density ranges from 1.40 to 1.86 km/km2 suggesting coarse to moderate drainage texture. The change in values of stream length ratio indicate their late youth stage of geomorphic development. The values of bifurcation ratio ranging from 2.00 to 4.71 indicate that all the sub-basins fall under normal basin category. The values of form factor and circulatory ratio, suggest that the Kurkunta sub-basin is elongated and the remaining sub-basins are more or less circular in shape. Elongation ratio indicates that the Wadi sub-basin is a region of very low relief whereas the other sub-basins are associated with moderate to high relief and steep ground slopes. It is concluded that remote sensing and GIS have been proved to be efficient tools in drainage delineation and updation. In the present study these updated drainages have been used for the morphometric analysis.  相似文献   

13.
The evaluation of basin characteristics from the morphometric parameters helps in understanding the physical behaviour of the catchments with respect to floods. The advanced technologies, such as Remote sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS), were used for extraction of drainage networks using Cartosat Digital Elevation Model (DEM) for the Upper Krishna basin, to evaluate the morphometric analysis. Basin morphometric parameters were applied to assess the major influencing catchments which cause flooding in the main Krishna River. The morphometric analysis for the ten major potential flood prone river catchments of the basin reveals that, the river catchments such as Krishna, Koyna, Yerla having the greater tendency to peak discharge in a short period of time to the main Krishna River because of high relief ratio (Rh), high ruggedness number and less time of concentration (Tc). The Don catchment having the highest drainage density (Dd), stream frequency, mean bifurcation ratio and infiltration number causes greater runoff influence on the main Krishna River. The Dudhganga and Panchaganga catchments having highest form factor, medium Dd, texture ratio, Rh and time of concentration causes moderate runoff influence towards main Krishna River. The study indicates that systematic analysis of morphometric parameters derived from Cartosat DEM using GIS provide useful information about catchment characteristics with respect to floods management.  相似文献   

14.
Traditionally, stream and sub‐watershed characterization in GIS has been accom‐ plished using a DEM‐based terrain analysis approach; however, there is a large amount of existing vector hydrographic data difficult to accurately reproduce using DEMs. WaterNet is a GIS/hydrologic application for the integration and analysis of stream and sub‐watershed networks in vector format. Even with vector data, hydrologic inconsistencies between streams and sub‐watersheds do exist, and are revealed in the form of streams crossing drainage divides and sub‐watersheds with more than one outlet. WaterNet rectifies these inconsistencies and couples the two datasets. Most algorithms involving traces of dendritic networks employ a form of tree traversal which requires topologic information to be organized into specialized data structures. On the contrary, WaterNet develops topologic relationships from GIS attribute tables, which, in combination with sorting and querying algorithms, make the calculation process efficient and easy to implement. With the topologic relationships of the streams and sub‐watersheds, WaterNet can perform traces to calculate cumulative network parameters, such as flow lengths and drainage areas. WaterNet was applied to the catchment of the Texas Gulf coast for a total of 100 cataloging units (411,603 km2) and 60,145 stream lines (183,228 km).  相似文献   

15.
基于2006年4月42011年4月的多级、多源、多时相遥感影像．利用摄影测量、图像处理、影像解译、信息分类等相关技术。对西安世界园艺博览会园区不同时期的土地利用、地理变化、园区建设进度变化进行监测解译和对比分析。研究结果表明：西安世界同艺博览会侧重植被与湖泊的建设,地理环境优化得到明显的改善。截至2009年4月,世园会的主体结构已布局好;2011年3月,园区内的道路、附属设施、湖泊、建筑物等已基本建成;2011年3月-4月．主要为展示植物等移入时间。  相似文献   

16.
以神农架大九湖湿地公园为研究对象,介绍了大九湖国家湿地公园GIS管理系统功能和目标;分析了该系统构架体系;阐述了该系统空间数据库建设;指出大九湖高山湿地公园GIS管理系统将为湿地研究和湿地管理提供技术和决策支持,从而实现湿地公园管理科学性和规范性。  相似文献   

17.
Determining the location of founding weed populations is critical to minimizing the diffusion of weedy species. Remote sensing is a promising tool for early detection of these small weed patches. The objective of this study was to determine the capability of a small remotely piloted vehicle (RPV) (carrying a digital camera and GPS) to acquire aerial photography from which small infestations of squarrose knapweed (Centaurea virgata Lam. Ssp. squarrosa Gugl.) could be detected and mapped. Two Utah rangeland sites were studied. The location of squarrose knapweed found on the digital air aerial photography (true color) was compared to a complete census of knapweed conducted on the ground. Although the two study sites had different vegetation species mixes, site histories, and soil conditions, the results were comparable. Despite the large scale of the aerial photography, the knapweed detection rate on the spring photography was only 5%. In contrast, knapweed detection rates on late summer imagery were about 50%. False alarm rates at all seasons were extremely low. Despite the capability shown for weed detection with the RPV and digital camera system, the practical difficulties of using a small RPV in the field requires more research before the system can be operationalized for weed management tasks.  相似文献   

18.
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19.
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20.
2000～2009年江苏沿海海岸线变迁与滩涂围垦分析   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
利用2000年3月1日、2003年2月6日、2006年9月18日和2009年10月17日4个时相的遥感影像对江苏盐城-南通段海岸线多年来的变迁进行了连续监测,获取了每个时期发生变化岸段、滩涂围垦面积等信息。研究结果表明:利用遥感影像能够满足准确、快速监测海岸线变迁的要求;2006～2009年,江苏省海岸线快速向海域推进;2000～2003年滩涂围垦面积为25 213ha,2003～2006年新增陆地面积为9601 ha,2006～2009年围垦面积达到23 632ha;滩涂开发总体呈现围垦—修养—围垦的开发模式。  相似文献   

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