共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 265 毫秒
1.
青岛为典型花岗岩地区,地铁隧道开挖采用钻爆法。本文首先采用现场实测与统计分析的方法分析了青岛地铁3号线3个工点的隧道爆破监测数据,较为系统地研究了钻爆法施工条件下地表及邻近构筑物的最大振速、主频分布与爆破参数的相关关系,采用线性回归法拟合出包含上述因素的经验公式。采用数值模拟手段,模拟爆破条件下地表及临近建筑物的振动的响应,并将模拟结果与实测数据进行对比,研究主要结论如下:(1)最大振速随比例距离基本呈指数的形式衰减,随着比例距离的增加,最大振速值逐渐减小; (2)爆破引起的振动主频随比例距离分布较为随机,无法建立两者之间的数学模型,主频多在20～70Hz范围内; (3)建筑物内部中三矢量方向上的最大振速均随着楼层的增高呈一定的增加趋势,建筑物外部的地表振速要大于内部质点的速度。 相似文献
2.
Vladislav J. Kecojevic Marek J. Mrugala William A. Wilkinson 《Fragblast: International Journal for Blasting and Fragmentation》2003,7(3):167-179
State-of-the-art software and computer technology provides a vehicle for a new approach to designing and verification of blasting patterns and training of professionals in this area of mining. The objective of this paper is to discuss the use of 3-D computer graphics to improve the understanding of the challenges facing drill and blast operations and describe technologies available for drill and blast planning in surface mining. It is postulated that this approach will have a positive impact on future students, researchers, and mine operators by improving their ability to use techniques, skills, and visually rich tools in solving and documenting mining engineering problems. 相似文献
3.
Because the land requisition and demolishing became difficult more and more, the mining scheme of Luohe iron mine was changed from caving method to filling method. In order to ensure the safety of the residence and the underground tunnel cavern within the mobile belt of the underground mining, the Luohe iron mine did the blasting test on the vertical crater retreat mining method and blasting vibration monitoring. The blasting experiments use common emulsified oil explosives and non-electric initiation system. The way of caved ore adopts the cutting groove and bench side. The NUBOX-6016 intelligent vibration monitor was chosen in the blasting vibration monitoring. Twice experiments on the blasting vibration monitoring were done on the surface or in the underground refuge cavern. The first test select the three monitoring points on the ground and the second select two monitoring points on the ground and a monitoring point in the underground refuge cavern. The blasting vibration monitoring data were conducted by the regression analysis in the Sodev’s empirical formula. The vibration attenuation formula about the underground blasting vibration transmitting in three directions is derived. The blasting test on the vertical crater retreat mining method and the blasting vibration were analyzed. It is estimated if the vibration damage possibly the surface buildings and related facilities of mine. 相似文献
4.
Application of artificial intelligence techniques for predicting the flyrock distance caused by blasting operation 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Ebrahim Ghasemi Hasel Amini Mohammad Ataei Reza Khalokakaei 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2014,7(1):193-202
Flyrock arising from blasting operations is one of the crucial and complex problems in mining industry and its prediction plays an important role in the minimization of related hazards. In past years, various empirical methods were developed for the prediction of flyrock distance using statistical analysis techniques, which have very low predictive capacity. Artificial intelligence (AI) techniques are now being used as alternate statistical techniques. In this paper, two predictive models were developed by using AI techniques to predict flyrock distance in Sungun copper mine of Iran. One of the models employed artificial neural network (ANN), and another, fuzzy logic. The results showed that both models were useful and efficient whereas the fuzzy model exhibited high performance than ANN model for predicting flyrock distance. The performance of the models showed that the AI is a good tool for minimizing the uncertainties in the blasting operations. 相似文献
5.
大规模深部开采已成为我国采矿工业发展的必然趋势。冲击地压、大变形控制是深部开采的研究热点,它们都是由过高的深部开采地压导致的。卸压开采的目的就是要转移或释放部分高地压。总结了压力拱、支承压力、最大水平地应力、板理论、卸压支护和轴变论等卸压理论及其适用领域。从卸压机制入手对卸压施工工艺进行了简单分类。概述了卸压开采的研究方法。其结果表明：钻孔爆破是一种灵活的卸压施工工艺;未来卸压理论研究仍将遵循相似模拟、数值仿真与原位测试相结合的原则;在卸压开采的数值仿真领域,开发嵌入了LS-DYNA3D的FLAC3D软件是钻孔爆破卸压的一个值得重视的研究方向;多种卸压理论的有机结合是创新卸压施工工艺的研发方向;压力拱、卸压支护理论仍值得深入研究。 相似文献
6.
无底柱分段崩落法采场稳定性分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
无底柱分段崩落法是国内外地下矿山广泛采用的采矿方法。长期以来由于受凿岩、装药以及出矿设备的制约,国内矿山大多采用小结构参数的无底柱分段崩落法,所产生的地压问题十分严重,开采效率低。近年来无底柱分段崩落法朝着增大采场结构参数的方向发展,不但有利于改善采场稳定性,同时还降低了生产成本。因此,开展采场稳定性分析有利于实现安全、高效开采。采用三维有限元方法对10 m×10 m、15 m×15 m、15 m×20 m共3种不同结构参数的崩落法采场进行了数值模拟,对进路开挖与矿石回采两个不同过程的巷道顶板竖直位移、主应力进行分析。数值计算结果表明：进路开挖时15 m× 20 m 与10 m×10 m的结构参数相比较,巷道顶板的竖直位移降低了20.1%,最小主应力下降了约18.8%;开采过程中顶板的竖直位移、主应力值都比进路开挖时小,采场地压得到改善;进路开挖与矿石回采过程巷道顶板的竖直位移和主应力值都随着结构参数的增大而降低。因此,大结构参数能更好地改善采场地压,增强采场稳定性,采用大结构参数的无底柱分段崩落法是安全可行的 相似文献
7.
J. C. Jhanwar 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2011,29(5):651-663
The mechanism by which the explosive energy is transferred to the surrounding rock mass is changed in air-deck blasting. It
allows the explosive energy to act repeatedly in pulses on the surrounding rock mass rather than instantly as in the case
of concentrated charge blasting. The air-deck acts as a regulator, which first stores energy and then releases it in separate
pulses. The release of explosion products in the air gap causes a decrease in the initial bore hole pressure and allows oscillations
of shock waves in the air gap. The performance of an air-deck blast is basically derived from the expansion of gaseous products
and subsequent multiple interactions between shock waves within an air column, shock waves and stemming base and shock waves
and hole bottom. This phenomenon causes repeated loading on the surrounding rock mass by secondary shock fronts for a prolonged
period. The length of air column and the rock mass structure are critical to the ultimate results. Several attempts have been
made in the past to study the mechanism of air-deck blasting and to investigate its effects on blast performance but a clear
understanding of the underlying mechanism and the physical processes to explain its actual effects is yet to emerge. In the
absence of any theoretical basis, the air-deck blast designs are invariably carried out by the rules of thumb. The field trials
of this technique in different blast environments have demonstrated its effectiveness in routine production blasting, pre-splitting
and controlling over break and ground vibrations etc. The air-deck length appropriate to the different rock masses and applications
need to be defined more explicitly. It generally ranges between 0.10 and 0.30 times the original charge length. Mid column
air-deck is preferred over the top and bottom air-decks. Top air-deck is used especially in situations, which require adequate
breakage in the stemming region. The influence of air-deck location within the hole on blast performance also requires further
studies. This paper reviews the status of knowledge on the theory and practice of air-deck blasting in mines and surface excavations
and brings out the areas for further investigation in this technique of blasting. 相似文献
8.
A Survey of Blasting Vibration Regulations 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
In 1998, the Blast Vibration and Seismograph Section of the International Society of Explosives Engineers formed a working group to collect and compile a list of regulations limiting ground vibrations from blasting. The goal was to locate those countries, states, provinces, and cities that have such regulations, identify which governmental body enforces them, and determine what limits on ground vibrations are imposed upon the blasting operations, and if possible, determine the basis for such regulations. In the course of this study, data was collected from over 60 jurisdictions where peak particle velocity restrictions range from non-existent to very stringent. Some of the regulations were found to be based upon standards grounded in good science, while others possess little or no technical justification. This paper will summarize the findings of the subcommittee, focusing primarily on what the limits are, which type of blasting operations must adhere to them, and to what structures they apply. The degree to which these regulations are based upon valid scientific and engineering research will be discussed. A listing of specific locations having such regulations and information about those regulations will be provided. 相似文献
9.
特殊地质灾害对井筒的破坏及对策 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
从工程地质学角度分析了由于采矿活动所引起的特殊地质条件下的表土变形 ,以及因表土变形而产生的竖向摩擦力和倾复力对井筒的破坏作用。提出在矿井设计与施工中应特别重视工程地质问题及井筒治理的对策。 相似文献
10.
１９９４年四川省八届人大常委会第九次会议通过的《四川省乡镇集体矿山企业和个体采矿管理条例》,体现了社会主义市场经济的基本原则．明确了省、市（地、州）、县三级地矿行政主管部门的法律地位和职能、职责,强化和完善了采矿权管理制度和矿产资源开发及矿产品运销的监督管理制度,这标志着四川省乡镇矿业管理的法规体系逐渐趋于完备,为乡镇矿业管理创造了良好的行政执法条件。同时给各级地矿部门提出了新的要求,在实施这一条例中,需要引起注意的若干问题,本文也作了探讨。 相似文献
11.
G. R. Adhikari A. I. Theresraj R. Balachander R. N. Gupta 《Fragblast: International Journal for Blasting and Fragmentation》2001,5(4):221-234
During construction of the Sardar Sarovar (Narmada) Hydro Electric Project in India, an unprecedented flood entered the power house cavern through draft tube tunnels and caused damage to underground structures. After this incident, these draft tubes were plugged with concrete/reinforced concrete to prevent future flooding. After heavy gates were erected at the exit end of the draft tube tunnels, these plugs had to be removed by drilling and blasting without causing any damage to the concrete lining and the ribs erected in the tunnels. Controlled blasting was designed and executed successfully for removal of the plugs in the same manner as for tunnel blasting. This paper describes the details of concrete plugs, details of drilling and blasting adopted, and some interesting observations in respect of drilling and blasting in the concrete plugs. A seismic method based on the measurement of P-wave velocity in the concrete lining before and after blasting was used to quantify the changes (damage) to concrete lining. 相似文献
12.
从工程地质学角度分析了由于采矿活动所引起的特殊地质条件下的表土变形 ,以及因表土变形而产生的竖向摩擦力和倾复力对井筒的破坏作用。提出在矿井设计与施工中应特别重视工程地质问题及井筒治理的对策。 相似文献
13.
资源枯竭城市衍生灾害问题探讨 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
随着时间的推移，我国将有大量的各类矿业城市资源全部或部分枯竭。在资源枯竭过程中会产生大量新的衍生灾害。文中介绍了资源枯竭城市继续大规模损毁土地、岩层结构抗震性能降低、水资源流失、塌陷区积水、废旧地下采场积水形成地下暗湖、固体废矿渣积存污染、有害气体污染、大型露天矿闭坑后对环境影响等主要衍生灾害类型和现象；分析了资源枯竭城市衍主灾害国内外的研究现状和发展趋势；根据灾害现象，探讨了资源枯竭城市地层结构，水、气循环系统，生态系统与降雨(雪)、地震、地应力场调整等多种、多相复杂环境耦合作用而导致灾害的原理；提出了研究资源枯竭城市衍生灾害演化的复杂巨系统模型，多相、多场耦合作用下大面积采动地层结构演变与灾变机理，地表及地下水系破坏动态演化机理及地下水的污染、扩散与迁移规律以及废弃矿山有害气体生成、迁移、致灾机理及控制等几方面科学技术难题；该科学难题具有非线性、随机性、复杂性等特点，须深入开展以现代科学交叉、融合为特征，以现代高新技术为标志的资源枯竭城市衍生灾害机理与控制的基础理论研究，为科学有效地防灾减灾、保护环境提供理论基础。 相似文献
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15.
Vanadium is a trace element, which may be biologically beneficial and possibly essential but certainly harmful to human beings and some living organisms if excessive. After over 40 years of development, the mining industry has caused serious environmental problems in the Panzhihua mining area. Vanadium is significantly accu-mulated in the soil of the Panzhihua area. Human activities have intensified the pollution and release of vanadium and caused serious damages to the ecological system there. In the past few years, the authors have made investiga-tions into and assessments on the geochemical distribution, chemical speciation, adsorption characteristics and transfer behavior of vanadium in the topsoil in the Panzhihua mining area. The results showed that: (1) the difference in the contents of vanadium in soil between premonsoon and monsoon is insignificant; (2) the adsorption isotherms of vanadium on soil in the Panzhihua mining area ate well described by the Langmuir type; (3) the transfer ability of vanadium in soil is interrelated to soil properties; and (4) the chemical speciation of vanadium shows an order of insoluble residue > oxidizable=reducible > soluble component. According to the above results, some countermea-sures to control pollution of vanadium in soil should be put forward. 相似文献
16.
黑龙江省矿产开发引起的环境问题及防治对策 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
黑龙江省矿产资源比较丰富，全省已开发利用的矿种39种，拥有各类矿山企业7400多处，矿业产值占全省工业总产值的32％。由于矿产资源的开发利用引起了地面塌陷、地下水源枯竭、环境破坏和污染等一系列的环境问题，破坏了生态平衡、影响经济建设和发展，甚至危及到人们的生命财产安全。本文列举典型事例，重点阐述了地面塌陷的发育特征、危害程度；矿区排水状况及对供水的影响；采矿及废碴堆放对环境的破坏与污染等。提出了对矿山地质环境的防治要全面规划、突出重点、预防为主，坚持合理采矿、恢复环境，充分利用矿区排出的地下水，以科学的途径利用煤矿石等措施。 相似文献
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18.
An environmental oriented model for optimum cut-off grades in open pit mining projects to minimize acid mine drainage 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
F. Rashidinejad M. Osanloo B. Rezai 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2008,5(2):183-194
Environmental concerns on mining activities started near the end of the 20th century and is still underway. Due to mining activities, the adverse environmental impact has been significant throughout the history of mankind, whereas the minerals produced by mining activities have been providing the basis for human civilization. The legacy of past mining practices is large quantities of acid generating waste materials and tailings that caused abounding acid mine drainage problems. Modern mining environmental management tends to focus on concerns over the impact of waste disposal on surface primarily in the form of tailings and waste materials structures. Sustainable development principles are being increasingly applied by mining companies in developed and developing countries. Operating costs per unit of operation is recognized to be one the most important sustainable mining practice indicator and cut-off grade is considered to be a well-founded representative for this indicator. In this study, a developed model for optimum cut-off grades is presented that not only relies on economical aspects but also minimizes adverse environmental impact in the form of acid mine drainage elimination or mitigation against the approach of postponing the restoration/reclamation activities at the end of the project’s life. 相似文献
19.
By reviewing the development history and the state-of-art, this paper introduces Chinese safety regulations for blasting vibration for adjacent structures and equipments, as well as for structures themselves under blasting operation, such as high rock slopes, underground caverns, foundation rock masses, and fresh concrete. The mechanism of failures or damages induced by blasting vibration, the analysis methods of dynamic stability for rock slopes and surrounding rock mass of underground caverns under blasting vibration, and the influence of blasting vibration on early-aged concrete, etc., are analyzed or explained. Standards adopted in China are compared with those adopted in some other countries. Furthermore, the main problems considered in the revision of Chinese national and industrial regulations are discussed, such as the distinction of different damage mechanics induced by propagation of blasting vibration in rock mass and by dynamic response of various structures, the influence of vibration frequency and duration and so on. 相似文献
20.
Arvind K. Mishra 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,81(3):429-435
Ever since development of human civilization, mining and agriculture has been the backbone of growth. Today the most developed countries of the world are the ones focused on core economical development, be it power generation, steel making, oil and gas production, or agriculture. Mining has been gaining importance over the years both from the economic perspective and as an area of sustained research. With the advent of globalization, things have changed very fast and today it is an industry that is driving the economies of several nations. Global competition has propelled countries to reach higher production levels through better techniques of drilling and blasting, excavation and mineral processing. We now have bigger and faster drill machines and excavators. In Explosives technology too significant progress has been made towards having safer explosives and accurate initiating systems that have increased overall control over blasting in terms of vibration, fragmentation, throw, fly rock and overall blast economics. Explosives and Rock Blasting Technology has advanced so much in the last few decades that blasting can now be precisely performed, controlled and predicted. Development of new tools like electronic blasting systems and advanced simulation software has made it possible to customize blasting results as per requirement. These developments have helped mining engineer worldwide in reaping huge productivity benefits besides making it possible to meet the environmental norms even in most demanding conditions. Inability to blast large size shots on account of proximity of mines to human habitation have always constrained mine management in fully leveraging the strength of large size production equipments. Mine managers have been forced to conduct small blasts on increased frequency to provide feed to large capacity shovels while compromising on Shovel productivity on account of undesirable movement of shovels during blasting. This paper deals with a case study at SEB quarry of Tata Steel wherein it was difficult to fire a big blast due to existing nearby structures. A critical scientific study was conducted before successfully firing of one of the biggest shot of 83 tonnes in the history of quarry. The paper discusses the issues being faced, alternate solutions opted and the final outcome. 相似文献