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CAO Chao CAI Feng LI Yan ZHENG Yongling WU Chenqiang LU Huiquan BAO Jingjing XU Yan 《《地质学报》英文版》2013,87(6):1724-1742
Based on the latest submarine topography data of the China 908 Project （China offshore marine environmental comprehensive investigation and assessment）,we analyzed the general China offshore submarine topographical characteristics and the factors influencing its development.The submarine topography off the coast of China follows the NW-SE trend of the land topography.The gradient of the submarine topography ranges from 0.2％ to 1.6％ with an average gradient of about 0.8％.The depth contours run mostly parallel to the coast,and extend out to sea in estuary areas.The submarine topography is dominated by the geological structure,which shows the typical characteristics of two uplifts and two subsidence events from north to south.The geological structure combined with the different sedimentary environments and complex hydrodynamic conditions produced topography that can be characterized by three types：sedimentary basins,compressionuplift,and transition form.In the sedimentary basin and compression-uplift regions,the topographical undulation is small,sediments are fine-grained,and the currents flow in a single direction,leading to bays with sedimentary plains and underwater accumulation slopes,which are of the same tectonic origin.Transition-type topography is characterized by strong undulations and mixed-size sediment particles,terraces and scarps inshore and shelf plains and erosion-deposition landforms offshore.This is a result of incomplete fault block development and repeated transgressions.In the deposition reformation regions （transition form type）,the topography has strong undulations,the sediments are coarse,tidal sand ridges are well-developed at terrigenoussupplied estuaries and convergence zones,and the Holocene sediments are thick,transformed by tides,river runoff,and currents. 相似文献
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海底浅表层信息声探测技术研究现状及发展 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
回顾了我国海洋仪器研发的历史,综述并对比了多波束测深、侧扫声呐和浅层剖面仪等海底浅表层信息声呐探测技术的国内外研究现状:经过数十年的海洋技术研发,国内在设备研发、数据资料处理方法研究和探测数据资料应用研究等方面已取得了较丰硕的研究成果,但同时也发现在当前国内海洋技术研发中仍存在一些潜在的问题,与国外相关海洋技术尚存在一定差距。以维护海洋权益为目标的系列重大海洋基础勘测项目的启动和深海资源勘查及研究的纵深发展是近年海洋技术得以快速发展的源动力。声学底质分类、声学海底原位测试、动力地貌和构造地貌等是目前海底浅表层声探测信息资料应用于海底科学研究的热点。对海洋技术的可持续发展提出了几点建议：①提高理论研究水平;②加快仪器设备研制的国产化进程;③加强自主知识产权数据处理软件的研发;④进行探测数据资料的深层次利用研究。 相似文献
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JIANG Biao ZHANG Daquan WANG Denghong WANG Chenghui CHEN Yuchuan BAI Ge 《《地质学报》英文版》2015,89(3):1002-1020
China has widely distributed silver deposits,and is rich in silver resources.Although silver deposits are mainly associated with Pb-Zn deposits,a number of independent silver deposits have also been discovered in recent years.Silver deposits include different types,such as submarine volcanism and continental volcanism related type,intrusion related type,and sedimentary related type.This study summarized the metallogenic regularity of China’s silver deposits systematically based mainly on the data from 490 silver deposits.It is shown that submarine volcanic sedimentary type,continental volcanic or sub-volcanic type,skarn type,hydrothermal type(including vein type and stratabound type),sedimentary metamorphic type,sedimentary type and regolith type should be regarded as the most important prediction types of silver deposit.A total of 32 silver mineralization belts and 111 silver concentration areas have been delineated.The map of "Spatial distribution of silver mineralization belts in China" and other series of maps finished in this study may provide a theoretical basis for the evaluation and prognosis of silver resources potential in China. 相似文献
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贵州镇宁乐纪泥盆系重晶石矿热水沉积特征 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
贵州镇宁乐纪泥盆系重晶石矿床地质储量3 302万t,属大型矿床类型。通过对矿床沉积结构、构造特征研究发现,矿床（体）中分布:纹层状构造、条带状构造、角砾状构造、碎屑状构造、块状构造等,它们与天柱-大河边重晶石矿、广西古潭热水沉积重晶石岩及北秦岭二郎坪群热水沉积重晶石岩类似,海底热水喷流形成的热水喷流通道相、单一热水沉积岩相及热水混合同生沉积相在镇宁重晶石矿层中广泛分布,共同构成了热水浊流沉积相,这与秦岭泥盆系热水沉积岩（矿）类似,矿层沉积结构、构造及岩相特征很好的记录了海底热水喷流、演化的信息,沉积韵律特征说明了热水喷流由弱-强-弱的变化过程。海底热水喷流沉积形成的镇宁重晶石矿中热水沉积结构、构造及热水沉积岩相发育,是研究古热水喷流沉积成岩、成矿、划分热水沉积岩相的理想场所。 相似文献
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在南海西北部首次发现中建南峡谷群,目前对其地质信息尚未开展相关研究.综合利用水深地形数据和二维多道地震资料,主要分析中建南峡谷群的地形地貌特征、平面展布与分段性特点,精细刻画峡谷沉积充填结构及演化特征,再进一步讨论峡谷形成的控制因素.中建南海底峡谷群分布于中建阶地与中建北海台之间,它是由西侧的一条主轴峡谷和东侧的多条小型分支峡谷组成,整体呈SE-S-SE走向,以走向转折拐点为起点,将峡谷分为三段式:北段、中段和南段,北段以侵蚀作用为主,中段和南段主要受侵蚀作用、沉积作用,东南部的峡谷口外主要受沉积作用.研究区晚中新世?第四纪时广泛分布峡谷沉积体系,包括半深海相、三角洲相、峡谷/水道充填相、滑塌相、块体搬运复合沉积和浊积扇相.揭示了该海底峡谷群的发育和演化主要受海平面变化、沉积物源供给和重力流、底流作用的控制.通过对该峡谷群的地形地貌和沉积演化特征的分析,将对海洋地质灾害、南海深水沉积体系研究及油气资源勘探有重要的科学意义. 相似文献
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P. J. Coleman 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(2):267-273
When a tsunami wave series approaches and interacts with a coast, the consequent passage shorewards of great volumes of water and their invasion of the land, especially within bays and up river valleys, results in the disturbance of existing sediment and the removal seawards of land debris and coastal and shallow‐water marine sediments. Tsunami action builds up sequences of peculiar sediments in shallow water; it at least assists in the formation and maintenance of submarine canyons and, through them, produces turbidity currents of a particularly powerful kind. Tsunami action may explain many puzzling sedimentary phenomena, for example, sudden and drastic changes in near‐shore bathymetry; the formation of chaotic sediments such as some paraconglomerates and edgewise conglomerates. It offers solutions to problems arising from the study of turbiditic sequences, both modern and ancient. 相似文献
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滇东、桂东北地区泥盆纪灰岩的微相及其形成环境分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在云南的曲靖、盘溪和广西的桂林、阳朔地区，中、晚泥盆世的海相灰岩广泛分布，根据微相特征划分出１３种微相类型．它们代表５种不同的沉积环境。沉积环境的分异与当时的海底地形和海平面的升降密切相关。 相似文献
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我国第四纪地质科学应用的新领域——海底光缆工程路由勘察 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
文章介绍了第四纪地质学的一个新的应用领域--海底光缆工程路由勘察.该项勘察是在全球经济发展,人类从工业化向信息化社会转变,信息化基础建设蓬勃兴起的时代出现并逐步完善的一个新的海洋工程领域.海底光缆建设在国内外得到迅速发展.我国修建的国内外海底光缆已达20余条.海底光缆工程路由勘察与第四纪地质学关系密切.海洋第四纪地质现象是它进行勘察和研究的主要内容.海底光缆路由勘察使用先进的仪器设备,采集的是数字化信息,能快速准确的成图.该图反映路由区海底所有的自然环境特征.勘察融汇了现代化的高新技术,拓宽了第四纪研究的领域,推动了第四纪地质学的发展. 相似文献
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地下介质的电阻率常常表现为各向异性,海底褶皱带、逆冲断层带和倾斜层状沉积序列等地质构造可能形成宏观电阻率倾斜各向异性。这里采用规则矩形网格剖分有限元法,实现了二维电阻率倾斜各向异性海洋可控源电磁(CSEM)正演算法,模拟了二维电阻率倾斜各向异性模型海洋可控源电磁场响应。模型计算结果表明,电阻率倾斜各向异性围岩对含有海底高阻薄层的海洋可控源电磁响应产生严重畸变影响。因此,在海洋电磁资料解释中,电阻率倾斜各向异性的影响应该得到重视,忽略该影响将可能会导致数据解释错误。 相似文献
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Yi Ding Daizhao Chen Xiqiang Zhou Chuan Guo Taiyu Huang Gongjing Zhang 《Sedimentology》2019,66(6):2511-2537
Speleothems, mostly composed of calcium carbonate, are widely present in modern karst‐originated caves, but have rarely been reported in palaeokarst systems. This study presents a novel type of dolomite speleothem and subsequent submarine dolomite cement, which are widely present in the upper Ediacaran Dengying Formation in the upper Yangtze area. These precipitated materials occur in the cavity system that cuts across several peritidal cycles. The interconnected cavity networks with irregular shapes, embayed walls, internal breccias on cavity floor and their preferential development in the shallower cycle tops (for example, tepee‐deformed beds) suggest that they were initially generated by subaerial dissolution. As the earliest infills, the hemispherical protrusions, icicle‐like pendants and ground‐up columns show similar morphological features and occurrence patterns to the cave popcorn, stalactites and stalagmites, respectively. Thus, these earliest infills are speleothems resulting from associated meteoric precipitation during subaerial exposure. The isopachous growth pattern of subsequent more extensive fibrous dolomite cements points to a submarine diagenetic environment in which they were precipitated. Microscopically, the micritic to micro‐crystalline dolomite, acicular dolomite in speleothems and the subsequent fibrous dolomite share similar crystal fabrics to metastable precursors (for example, Mg‐calcite). Meanwhile, the carbon‐oxygen isotope compositions of the speleothem and fibrous dolomite, although partly altered by burial diagenesis, share a large overlap with host rock and coeval marine carbonates all over the Yangtze Platform. For these reasons, these speleothems and fibrous cements are considered to have been initially precipitated as metastable carbonate precursors in meteoric and submarine environments, respectively, and stabilized during submarine mimetic dolomitization. The cyclic occurrence of cavity systems filled with speleothems and submarine cements reflects periodic subaerial exposure and marine flooding of broad tidal flat in the upper Yangtze area, driven by high‐frequency sea‐level fluctuations. Furthermore, the Neoproterozoic seawater chemistry that favoured early dolomitization of carbonate precursor mineralogies was an advantage for the preservation of fabrics from metastable precursor minerals. 相似文献
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The Upper Carboniferous Zhanjin Formation has attracted much attention from geoscientists for containing glacial–marine diamictite and cold-water fauna typified by the bivalve Eurydesma.The presence of this Formation has provided important evidence for determining the northern border of Gondwana.Previous researchers have classified those strata north of Niangrong Co in the Gêrzê region as part of the Zhanjin Formation based on the presence of glacial–marine diamictite, although the absence of biological fossil evidence has defied clear age determination.Our field investigations first discovered large quantities of corals, sponges and bryozoans.All coral fossils were identified as belonging to the Hexacorallia subclass including 13 genera and 25 species, primarily including Conophyllia guiyangensis Deng et Kong, Coryphyllia regularis Cuif, Cuifia columnaris Roniewicz, Distichophyllia norica Frech, Distichophyllia gigas Vinassa de Regny, Pamiroseris rectilamellosa Winkler, Retiophyllia clathrata Emmrich, and Retiophyllia paraclathrata Roniewicz.Extensive biostratigraphic correlations show that the hexacorallia should belong to the Late Triassic, thereby negating the presence of the Zhanjin Formation in the study area.Based on analyses of sedimentary facies and detailed study of the glacial–marine diamictite as supposed by earlier researchers, the limestone blocks and gravels within the facies are slope facies olistostromes and waterway sediments from lime slurry debris flows in the submarine fan rather than primary sedimentary products.Among them, lenticular sandstone should be sequentially distributed waterway sand bodies, indicating that the strata have no glacial–marine diamictite.In addition, the rocks containing the mentioned fossils are just limestone blocks from olistostromes, and limestone gravels from waterways of submarine fans.Such a result further negates the presence of the Zhanjin Formation in the study area, and indicates that the age of the studied strata should be youner than the Late Triassic.Through regional stratigraphic comparisons and the study of tectonic settings of the strata, the sedimentary characteristics of the subject strata, including lithology, lithofacies and fossils, are confirmed to be similar to the widely distributed Sêwa Formation in this region.We thus infer that the strata belong to the Middle–Lower Jurassic Sêwa Formation.This finding is important for both studying paleogeography of Tibet and determining the northern boundary of Gondwana. 相似文献
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西康群是松潘-甘孜复理石沉积盆地的主体,分布范围广、岩性单调,强烈的构造变形和褶皱叠加导致地层原始的沉积序列、沉积构造破坏殆尽,基于野外露头的沉积学研究较少,巨量复理石的沉积模式也没有合理的解释。详细研究了川西马尔康-金川县一带西康群典型剖面的沉积构造、砂板比、古流向、砂岩粒度及矿物组成,讨论了西康群的沉积环境及沉积模式。认为该区复理石沉积环境属于海底扇扇中-扇端,局部存在砂质碎屑流或等深流的参与和叠加改造;存在两期次的海底扇,其触发机制均为海平面下降,导致三角洲向陆架边缘进积形成海底扇,而随着冲积平原及三角洲复合体的逐渐消耗,沉积物供应量逐渐减小,海底扇的规模及影响范围逐渐缩减,形成两期向岸退积的海底扇沉积。松潘-甘孜盆地复理石建造属于受周缘造山带提供多源或线源,多期次叠加的,以细粒浊积体为主的海底扇,海岸冲积平原及三角洲复合体经过二次搬运使得砾级粗粒沉积物进一步破碎,形成中-细粒砂岩及泥岩为主的扇体沉积。 相似文献
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北喜马拉雅地区早白垩世沉积以碎屑岩为主，海底扇沉积十分发育。根据沉积岩的矿物成分、结构、构造和产状特征，可将这些海底扇分为6个亚相。根据亚相在空间的排列组合所指示的沉积环境，海底扇的发展过程可划分为萌芽、青春、成熟和消亡四个阶段。在早白垩世早、中期海底扇处于萌芽阶段和青春阶段，沉积岩的砂/?泥比值高，砂岩的矿物成分和结构多样，反映出海岸平原和大陆架较窄，海底坡度较大，从早白垩世开始沉积环境经历了由陆棚向大陆斜坡转移的过程，海平面升高，构造性质主要为水平拉张、裂陷。早白垩世晚期海底扇处于成熟阶段，海岸平原和大陆架宽度加大，砂/?泥比值降低，沉积物以泥质组分为主，富含菱铁矿、钙质结核，少见菊石等生物化石，相变缓慢，水体低能，属于缓倾斜、无明显坡折带的陆缘，反映了北喜马拉雅区的最大海侵事件。由于印度洋扩张、印度板块向北漂移，在早白垩世晚期北喜马拉雅被动陆缘已趋成熟，本区处于大陆斜坡下部强还原的深海-半深海环境。晚白垩世总体上属于海退，海底扇处于消亡阶段，其岩石由泥岩类向砂岩类直至砾岩类演化。白垩纪沉积盆地则相应经历了由陆棚→拉张断陷盆地→陆坡→深海盆地的演变。 相似文献
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Fe是海洋“生物泵”中限制浮游生物生长和控制海洋初级生产力的主要因素之一,也可间接影响大气中CO2含量,反馈于全球的气候变化。近年来基于多接收电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(MC ICP MS)分析方法的改进及测试精度的提高,应用Fe同位素组成、变化及其分馏机制,为研究海水中Fe的主要来源以及示踪海洋环境中Fe的循环过程等,提供了一个有效地球化学指标,也对示踪地球不同演化阶段的海洋沉积环境变化具有指示意义。较为详细地介绍了海洋环境中不同储库的Fe同位素组成,洋中脊热液流体—玄武岩、海水—大洋玄武岩等水—岩反应影响Fe同位素分馏效应的主要因素及地球不同演化阶段古海洋沉积环境中的Fe同位素变化。认为海洋环境下Fe同位素可以产生较为明显的分馏作用,轻铁同位素具有更易活动、易迁移的特征,并进一步提出不同相态、不同矿物间Fe同位素分馏系数的确定等相关问题仍是今后Fe同位素研究的主要方向。 相似文献
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The Cryogenian succession of the Northern Flinders Ranges reveals a complex sedimentary record between the Sturtian and Marinoan glacial deposits. A major unconformity separates the Sturtian and Marinoan-aged sedimentary successions in the area. This forms a subaerial erosion surface with terrestrial and marginal marine infill directly above the Angepena and Balcanoona Formations in their respective localities. This exposure surface is here correlated with the previously documented submarine unconformity between the Yankaninna Formation and the underlying deep marine Tapley Hill Formation. This erosional event provides a chronostratigraphic marker horizon that coincides approximately with thepreviously defined Sturtian–Marinoan Time Series boundary in the Northern Flinders Ranges. These stratigraphic relationships also constrain lateral facies relationships between the Oodnaminta ReefComplex (Balcanoona Formation) and the Angepena Formation. Similarly, the shallow-water Weetootla Dolomite is correlated with the deeper water carbonates of the Yankaninna Formation. 相似文献
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我国海相火山铁铜矿床的成因类型及其某些成矿特征的讨论 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
建国以来,我国在火山矿床的地质勘探和研究工作方面都积累了丰富的资料,并且有不少关于矿床成因和类型划分方面的叙述。作者近几年来有机会接触到一些这方面的工作。这里试将海底火山活动的重要产物之一——海相火山铁铜矿床作一个比较系统的成因类型的划分。限于水平,不当之处请批评指正。 相似文献
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中国沉积学若干领域的回顾与展望--庆祝《沉积学报》创刊二十周年 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
中国地质学会沉积地质专业委员会 《沉积学报》2003,21(1):1-7
主要选取沉积环境与沉积体系、碳酸盐岩、碎屑岩成岩作用、层序地层学、沉积盆地分析与模拟、中国海海底沉积作用、油气储层沉积学、矿床沉积学等若干领域 ,对我国沉积学作一简要回顾与展望 ,并借此庆祝《沉积学报》创刊二十周年。 相似文献