共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 115 毫秒
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用研制的全自动辐射计在97．8GHz上测量南京市内大气的不透明度以及这种不透明度随时间的变化．辐射计记录大气在不同天顶高度的辐射温度,由此测出天顶方向的大气不透明度。在56小时的测量时间内,取得了1400多组数据,拟合得到了在观测时段内天顶方向的大气不透明度在0．2至0．7之间,典型值为0．4,表明测试地点的大气条件允许进行3mm波段的射电天文观测．由于在工作频段内大气不透明度的主要来源是对流层水汽的吸收,测量的不透明度可用来直接反映大气内水汽的含量,并实时校准大气吸收． 相似文献
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在标准的斩波轮校准法的基础上，讨论毫米波与亚毫米波天观测的校准过程，用一个常温温标可以为单边带和双边带接收模式建立强度标准。在毫米波和亚毫米波段，地面观测受到多变的大气不透明度的普遍影响。这一效应对双边带接收机尤为严重。中讨论了大气效应在不同中频下带来的误差，并计算了有关的误差范围。章指出了大气不透明度显时，单边带校准是能够将误差降低在１０％以内的有效方法。提出一种双边带观测，单边带校准是 相似文献
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《中国天文和天体物理学报》1999,(1)
在标准的斩波轮校准法的基础上,讨论毫米波与亚毫米波天文观测的校准过程。用一个常温温标可以为单边带和双边带接收模式建立强度标准。在毫米波和亚毫米波段,地面观测受到多变的大气不透明度的普遍影响。这一效应对双边带接收机尤为严重。文中讨论了大气效应在不同中频下带来的误差,并计算了有关的误差范围,文章指出了在大气不透明度显著时,单边带校准是能够将误差降低在１０％以内的有效方法。提出一种双边带观测、单边带校准的原理结构,作为代替单边带校准的一种变形模式以满足毫米波及亚毫米波观测的需要。 相似文献
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本文导出了与CIRA 1972内符合精度较高的一种分析模型. 模型包含:周日变化(F_1、F_2),标高随高度的变化(μ),半年变化(其小因子合并到ρ_0、H、μ中处理)、氦的季节-纬度变化(S_5~0、S_5~T),以及周日变化、氦的季节-纬度变化和地磁活动随高度的变化(H_1、S_5~x、K). 模型的内符合精度,在160—250公里约为5％;在250—400公里约12％;在400—2000公里约25％.适用于人造卫星大气阻力摄动的分析型公式. 相似文献
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大气气溶胶和可降水量会影响天文望远镜光学成像系统的观测质量.利用中国科学院安徽光学精密机械研究所自主研制的DTF-6型太阳光度计观测了丽江高美古2010年10月～2011年5月的太阳直接辐射,获得了丽江高美古晴朗无云天气条件下气溶胶光学厚度(大气透明度)、(A)ngstr(o)m指数和可降水量;给出了该地区观测期间气溶胶光学厚度、(A)ngstr(o)m指数和大气可降水量的日变化与季节变化特征.实验期间,气溶胶光学厚度和可降水量日变化大致可分为4种类型,季节变化都呈现为冬季最小,秋季次之,春季升高.总体来说丽江高关古气溶胶光学厚度和可降水量都较小,该地区大气较清洁透明,且大气中积聚的多为小粒子,适用于天文观测. 相似文献
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Neupert效应的定性描述是耀斑中脉冲分量(硬X射线、微波暴)与渐变分量(软X射线发射)之间存在的因果关系,即耀斑最初的能量是以加速粒子的形式释放,加速的电子在大气传输过程中产生非热硬X射线轫致辐射,并加热大气,耀斑软X射线发射是高能粒子注入大气的响应.根据经典Neupert效应的定量描述,硬X射线发射(表征非热电子注入)结束时软X射线应该立刻达到极大,但以往的观测发现一些耀斑软X射线峰值时间(t2)明显晚于硬X射线结束时间(t1)(τ=t2–t1,τ 0),热与非热辐射之间存在明显的偏离经典Neupert效应的情况.为了研究偏离经典Neupert效应的事件,在2002—2015年间的RHESSI (Reuven Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager)和GOES (Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites)耀斑列表中,按照在25–50 keV范围内光变较简单、软X射线有对应发射峰等判据,共选择276个耀斑样本,统计了这些耀斑的τ分布、环长d (用双足点源之间的距离来表征)与τ的关系.结果显示:(1)有227个耀斑τ 0,即有约82%的耀斑偏离经典Neupert效应;(2)τ与d之间存在一定的线性相关,即环越长,软X射线极大的时间越延后;(3)似乎存在一个临界距离,当环长小于临界距离时,经典Neupert效应成立.这些结果印证了修正Neupert效应的必要性,并对其物理意义进行了讨论. 相似文献
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云南天文台丽江高美古和昆明的大气视宁度研究 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
研究云南天文台昆明凤凰山和丽江高美古两地点的大气视宁度。利用云南天文台于1994年建立的3孔较差视宁度监视仪（3孔DIMM），对这两个地点的视宁度对比观测。还利用云南天文台的1米望远镜所得到的视宁度与3孔DIMM所测的视宁度进行对比。1米望远镜和3孔DIMM同时观测了7个晚上，各取得308组数据，它们的视宁度平均分别为0．90〃和0．84〃。还讨论了3孔DIMM采用不同曝光时间对视宁度测量值的影响，从实验得出3孔DIMM采用20ms曝光比采用8ms曝光所测视宁度的值要好15％左右。从1995年5月－1996年12月，对丽江高美古和昆明凤凰山二地进行了视宁度的对比观测。在高美古和昆明分别观测了234夜和256夜，观测结果是两个点的视宁度平均；丽江为0．70〃，昆明为0．95〃，同时也统计了两个点的月平均视宁度和最好夜的视宁度，并讨论了两地视宁度随时间的变化规律。 相似文献
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Zhou Ming-feng Yao Qi-junLi Sheng Luo Zhi-quanYang Ji 《Chinese Astronomy and Astrophysics》2011,35(3):327
In order to assess the submillimeter wave observational conditions of Yangbajin, a Portable Submillimeter Telescope (POST) is used to measure the zenith atmospheric opacity at 460 GHz from November 2008 to December 2008. The results show that the quartiles of atmospheric opacity during the observing time at 460 GHz at Yangbajin Observatory is 1.25, 1.42 and 1.63, and the time proportion of atmospheric opacity less than 1 is about 3.4%. At last, the submillimeter wave site conditions of Yangbajin with those of other submillimeter observatories in the world are compared, and the possible causes that may influence the submillimeter atmospheric opacity are explored. 相似文献
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Thomas R. Hanley 《Icarus》2005,177(1):286-290
Laboratory measurements of the microwave opacity of HCl in a CO2 atmosphere have been conducted in the S (13.3 cm), X (3.6 cm), and K (1.4 cm) microwave bands at a pressure of 7.2 bar and at two different mixing ratios. The results are consistent with an opacity model employing the Van Vleck-Weisskopf lineshape applied to the published submillimeter line intensities of HCl (JPL Catalog [Pickett et al., 1998, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Rad. Trans. 60, 883-890]) and empirically fitted with a modeled parameter for CO2 broadening. Based on the deep atmospheric abundance of HCl inferred from near-infrared measurements [Dalton et al., 2000, Bull. Am. Astron. Soc. 32, 1120], the resulting modeled HCl opacity is constrained to have a small effect on the overall microwave absorption spectrum of Venus, but can be used in developing a more accurate radiative transfer model. 相似文献
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Aitken DK Greaves J Chrysostomou A Jenness T Holland W Hough JH Pierce-Price D Richer J 《The Astrophysical journal》2000,534(2):L173-L176
We report the detection of linear polarization from Sgr A* at 750, 850, 1350, and 2000 μm which confirms the contribution of synchrotron radiation. From the lack of polarization at longer wavelengths, it appears to arise in the millimeter/submillimeter excess. There are large position angle changes between the millimeter and submillimeter results, and these are discussed in terms of a polarized dust contribution in the submillimeter and various synchrotron models. In the model that best explains the data, the synchrotron radiation from the excess is self-absorbed in the millimeter region and becomes optically thin in the submillimeter. This implies that the excess arises in an extremely compact source of approximately 2 Schwarzschild radii. 相似文献
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Bo Zhang Xing-Wu Zheng Jin-Ling Li Ye Xu 《天体物理学报》2008,8(1):127-132
The dominant source of error in VLBI phase-referencing is the troposphere at observing frequencies above 5 GHz. We compare the tropospheric zenith delays derived from VLBI and GPS data at VLBA stations collocated with GPS antennas. The systematic biases and standard deviations both are at the level of sub-centimeter. Based on this agreement, we suggest a new method of tropospheric correction in phase-referencing using combined VLBI and GPS data. 相似文献
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The dominant source of error in VLBI phase-referencing is the troposphere at observing frequencies above 5 GHz. We compare the tropospheric zenith delays derived from VLBI and GPS data at VLBA stations collocated with GPS antennas. The systematic biases and standard deviations both are at the level of sub-centimeter. Based on this agreement, we suggest a new method of tropospheric correction in phase-referencing using combined VLBI and GPS data. 相似文献
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A lightweight and sophisticated optical depth sensor (ODS) able to measure alternatively scattered flux at zenith and the sum of the direct flux and the scattered flux in blue and red has been developed to work in martian environment. The principal goals of ODS are to perform measurements of the daily mean dust opacity and to retrieve the altitude and optical depth of high altitude clouds at twilight, crucial parameters in the understanding of martian meteorology. The retrieval procedure of dust opacity is based on the use of radiative transfer simulations reproducing observed changes in the solar flux during the day as a function of 4 free parameters: dust opacity in blue and red, and effective radius and effective width of dust size distribution. The detection of clouds is undertaken by looking at the time variation of the color index (CI), defined as the ratio between red and blue ODS channels, at twilight. The retrieval of altitude and optical depth of clouds is carried out using a radiative transfer model in spherical geometry to simulate the CI time variation at twilight. Here the different retrieval procedures to analyze ODS signals, as well as the results obtained in different sensitivity analysis are presented and discussed. 相似文献
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《Chinese Astronomy and Astrophysics》2007,31(2):211-220
The space geodetic technology requires an accurate model of correction of refraction delay by the neutral atmosphere that varies from one observing station to another, and from one azimuth to the next. It is pointed out that under the present condition the astronomical refraction can not yet be directly determined, any correction model because of its high dependence on the assumed atmospheric distribution, is incapable of achieving the required accuracy or of improving the cut-off altitude. In this paper, based on the special properties of the lower latitude meridian circle at Yunnan Observatory and our experience of determining atmospheric refraction therewith, a new method is proposed for improving the accuracy of refraction delay correction. Namely, the measured data of astronomical refraction of an observing station from near zenith to low altitudes in different azimuths are used to evaluate the refractivities and the parameters of the mapping functions, thereby establishing a model of atmospheric refraction delay correction that varies with the observing station and the azimuth. Since it is unnecessary for the new method to adopt any atmospheric distribution model, application of this new method will improve correction accuracy of refraction delay to better than 1mm at zenith and to centimeters at low altitudes, and improve the cut-off altitude to below 5 degrees. 相似文献
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XIE Qiang ZHU Nenghong 《中国科学院上海天文台年刊》2003,(1)
人卫跟踪仪一般采用地平式跟踪机架 ,由于这种机架固有的天顶盲区 ,致使观测数据不连续而造成卫星精密定轨的困难。讨论了小型光电人卫跟踪仪的ALT ALT机架原理 ,分析证明采用这种机架形式没有天顶盲区、跟踪速度和加速度较小。同时提出了一种新颖的摆动叉式ALT ALT跟踪机架 ,具有全天覆盖无遮挡、体积紧凑小巧等优点 ,其力学性能也十分优良 ,适合小型光电人卫跟踪仪和流动观测仪器使用 相似文献