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1.
南海北部含油气构造上方化探异常研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在南海北部利用地球化学作为油气藏探的一种辅手段，在６个航次中采集了沉积物，底层海水及没关系 面大气样品，测定了５０种化探指标，并采用稳健统计方法进行了数据处理和异常圈定。化探结果在油气藏上方发现了清晰的，具不同指标组合的综合化探异常，与邻近空构造形成鲜明的对照。 相似文献
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通过对南黄海盆地崂山隆起中南部163站位油气地球化学样品采集、烃类气体和芳烃类指标的分析测试,以及地球化学异常提取,揭示了烃类地球化学指标的异常分布特征,分析了海底油气渗漏和表面地球化学异常的关系,建立了油气地球化学异常模式。吸附甲烷、吸附重烃气体、顶空甲烷、顶空重烃气体、芳烃及其衍生物总量(260 nm)和稠环芳烃总量(320 nm)的地球化学异常均围绕高石3构造呈环状分布,并且烃类气体指标异常较芳烃类指标异常更靠近这一圈闭构造的外侧。地球化学异常的平面分布和沿主要地震剖面的垂向分布特征显示烃类地球化学异常的形成可能与高石3构造及深部油气藏的分布和垂向渗漏有关,并据此建立了围绕高石3构造的双环状地球化学异常模式。内环主要芳烃类指标异常,可能由高石3构造上部残留油藏渗漏形成,外环主要为烃类气体异常,可能由高石3构造深部原生气藏渗漏形成。表面地球化学异常与高石3构造边缘断裂构造的关系显示,无论是内环异常,还是外环异常均与高石3构造边缘断裂构造在空间上密切相关,预示着这些断裂构造可能是深部油气垂向渗漏运移的主要路径,同时也意味着高石3构造是崂山隆起中—古生界海洋油气钻探的首选构造。 相似文献
3.
我国海域油气化探的基本特点 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
根据长期生产与科研资料，总结了我国不同海域海底表层沉积物中酸解烃、物上气、荧光光谱、紫外吸收光谱、蚀变碳酸盐、热释汞、氦、金属微量元素及海水中溶解烃、苯、酚等指标含量的分布特征、变化规律及其与油气藏的关系，发现我国不同海区地球化学空间变化较大、差异明显。在纵向上由深到浅化探指标呈向梯度变化，油气微运移的地球化学形迹明显。化探异常比较集中出现在凹陷周边，而隆起区化探异常较少，强度较弱。化探指标组合与特点表明，各海区以寻找轻质油与天然气为主。筛选出的适于海域油气化探的技术方法系列是：综合烃类气体法（包括吸附烃、游离烃、吸留烃、水溶烃）和芳烃光谱法，在抑制干扰因素和进行定量校正后，它们是指标示油气藏较灵敏的指标，而近海底海水化学成分连测技术是今后油气化探、开发的重要方向。实践证明化探是寻找海域油气藏的直接和有效的方法。 相似文献
4.
采用沉积物、海水等不同介质，应用７种方法在台西盆地某坳陷开展了油气地球化学综合调查。根据指标间的相关性、共生与伴生组合等进行指标分类和统计分析，在地球化学场和场源分析的基础上，结合地质－地球物理资料，圈定３个Ⅰ级异常区、２个Ⅱ级异常区和２个Ⅲ级异常区，为该坳陷油气远景评价提供了可信的地球化学依据。同时，也证实了化探方法和指标海洋油气资源勘探中的有效性。 相似文献
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油气微生物勘探技术的初步实践及其应用前景 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
油气微生物勘探技术从属于地质微生物学研究领域，其理论基础是轻烃的微渗漏，主要的检测目标是存在于可能油气藏上方的专属热成因烃氧化菌的丰度（MV）值，辅助技术是土壤或沉积物中的酸解吸附烃（SSG）的组成特征。简述了这项技术与以往油气化探不同的4大特点。近3年来，这项技术在我国的丛山密林、沙漠、戈壁、海洋等多种景观区开展了缜密的野外施工与综合研究，取得了令人瞩目的初步成果。笔者疾声呼吁：应当建立一种新型的、学科交叉渗透的油气勘探模式：即物探＋化探。它们犹如“一体两翼”，一体是石油地质学，它是勘探研究的主题和终极；双翼就是地球物理技术，加上油气化探技术。 相似文献
7.
井中油气地球化学勘探技术研究立足于油气运移的理论,是通过分析钻井岩屑(岩心)中不同赋存状态的烃类化探指标含量,研究不同化探方法指标含量在钻井剖面上的分布特征及变化规律,建立井中油气地球化学剖面,探索研究油气垂向微运移规律,生、储、盖层化探指标变化与组合特征,从而达到判别储层含油气性、评价烃源岩特征、评价盖层特征等石油地质目的,为油气勘探提供地球化学依据。 相似文献
8.
讨论了地球化学场的基本特征和分析方法，并用南海北部珠江口盆地Ｄ区油气化探实例说明地球化学场分析的效果，指出地球化学场研究是勘查地球研究的重要方向。 相似文献
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海洋油气的目标地球化学探测是直接为局部构造排序和钻探井位优选而采取的一种综合性的油气勘探技术。首先是进行目标区海底油气渗漏的地球物理识别，具体包括：利用合成孔径雷达对海水表面油膜的识别，利用侧扫声纳、多波速和浅地层剖面测量对海底表面特征的识别，以及利用二维、三维地震对海底深层特征的识别等；然后是开展目标区油气地球化学探测，包括取样站位布设，样品采集和处理，地球化学指标分析测试，地球化学异常提取和综合评价等。通过对南黄海目标区侧扫声纳、浅地层剖面，以及二维地震资料的综合分析，确定了可能油气渗漏区，开展了油气地球化学探测，识别出了单指标异常和多指标综合异常，划分了4个地球化学区。地球化学区与目标区内的局部构造和断裂构造关系密切。综合评价结果表明，4个地球化学区含油气性优劣的排序是Ⅰ区〉Ⅲ区〉Ⅱ区〉Ⅳ区。据此建议钻探井位布设在Ⅰ区即ZC7-1构造或Ⅲ区即ZC133构造上。 相似文献
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南海北部莺-琼盆地油气勘探活动已经历了30余年,勘探发现的油气田主要以构造型油气藏为主。随着勘探程度的加深,寻找非构造的隐蔽圈闭油气藏以改变莺-琼盆地油气勘探的被动局面显得日益重要。根据油气勘探工作需要将莺-琼盆地隐蔽圈闭划分为低位盆底扇型圈闭、砂岩上倾尖灭型圈闭、浊积砂岩型圈闭、地层超覆型圈闭、古水道型圈闭、三角洲前缘砂体型圈闭。南海北部莺-琼盆地具备形成隐蔽圈闭油气藏的有利条件:莺-琼盆地有丰富的烃源基础;在历史时期内水平面的频繁变化,使得岩性带在纵横向上都发生交织变化而产生岩性油气藏,尤以在盆地低水位期形成的盆底扇、斜坡扇等低位扇为主;另外历史时期构造活动频繁,而形成多个构造面和构造不整合面,与之相适应地产生了多种地层不整合油气藏等。 相似文献
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The successful use of near-surface anomalous signals, exhibited in all petroliferous basins, must lead to great development in petroleum exploration. The elementary equations and methods for objective and accurate separation of anomalous signals from background signals are the most critical requirements in these surface geochemical surveys. Therefore, we have worked up a series of fundamental equations and methods for eliminating surface interference and influences of geological conditions on anomaly intensities and recognizing multi-type anomalies of uni- and multi-variates, by using statistics, fractal geometry, wavelet analysis and artificial neural networks. These equations illustrate that the threshold (i.e. the boundary between background and micro-seepage anomalies) is determined by means, standard deviations and prior probabilities of background and micro-seepage anomalies when multi-normality is met, and that the traditional equation for the threshold (background mean plus one or two standard deviations) is not correct. In the face of many new equations and methods, it is important how to comprehensively use them to resolve the problems in geochemical surveys. A geochemical survey in the south slope of the Dongying depression, eastern China provides a good opportunity to address this issue. The anomalies obtained with the traditional equation do not reflect oil/gas fields. This study reveals three problems in the previous data-processing and anomaly recognition: (1) the surface interference caused by the variation of soil composition was not identified and removed, (2) the influence of caprock thickness on anomaly intensities was not revealed and eliminated, and (3) the micro-seepage (related to oil/gas pools) and seepage (related to faults) anomalies were not separated and correctly recognized. Furthermore, the interaction of these problems makes the data-processing and anomaly recognition more difficult. To ensure effective elimination of the surface interference and caprock thickness influence and correct recognition of uni-variate anomalies, we iteratively applied the wavelet-analysis-based methods to eliminate the surface interference and caprock thickness influence, and statistical methods with new fundamental equations to recognize uni-variate anomalies of seepage and microseepage. And then, multi-variate anomalies of seepage and microseepage were recognized with our fundamental equations and the corresponding methods. In the results, the seepage anomalies display a string-bead-shaped pattern and are distributed along faults, and the micro-seepage anomalies are ring-shaped and coincide with oil/gas pools, sandbodies or traps. Therefore, reprocessing of geochemical data with our fundamental equations and methods combined in an iterative manner can resolve the complicated problems in data-processing and anomaly recognition and thus greatly improve the predictive capability of surface geochemical survey. 相似文献
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1994～1995年间在东海外陆架获取370个柱状样,每个样长约为2～4m.对其底部沉积物作了磁性测试,发现局部地区存在SIRM异常高现象.由磁参数推断导致SIRM异常的矿物为硫复铁矿.将磁性异常地区沉积物作矿物磁选,对磁选所得矿物做扫描电镜、电子探针和能谱、X衍射及穆斯堡尔谱测试,证实了次生硫复铁矿的存在.结合本区新生代油气构造圈闭和残留沉积物可溶铁Fe3+/Fe2+比值异常的分布,用油气渗漏解释了SIRM异常及硫复铁矿的成因,从而认为SIRM异常对深部油气藏具有指示意义. 相似文献
14.
国内外深水区油气勘探新进展 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
深水区油气资源丰富，近年来深水油气勘探不断升温。在全球6大洲18个深水盆地中已发现约580亿桶油当量的油气资源。目前，巴西、美国墨西哥湾的深水油气田已经投入生产，而且产量不断增加，西非地区也已进入开发阶段，西北欧、地中海以及亚太地区的许多国家也都在积极开展深水油气勘探或开发。海上油气钻探不断向深水区和超深水区发展，探井数目也在继续增加，投资力度不断加强，储量每年也有很大的增长。深水油气勘探成功率平均达到30％，其中，西非的勘探成功率最高。深水区烃源岩生烃潜力较好，最好的烃源岩主要分布于侏罗系、白垩系和第三系的地层中，储层以浊积岩储层为主，盖层通常比较发育，大多数圈闭都与地层因素有关。我国南海北部陆坡深水区盆地属准被动边缘盆地，从烃源岩、储层、盖层、圈闭到运聚条件等都具备了形成大型油气田的基本地质条件，具有丰富的资源前景。 相似文献
15.
Geochemical evidence for coal-derived hydrocarbons and their charge history in the Dabei Gas Field, Kuqa Thrust Belt, Tarim Basin, NW China 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Shuichang Zhang Bin Zhang Guangyou Zhu Huitong Wang Zhenxi Li 《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2011,28(7):1364-1375
Large to middle-scale thrust structures are important reservoir plays for coal-derived hydrocarbons in the foreland basins of NW China, with both gas and some accompanying oil. In the Dabei Gas Field of the Kuqa Thrust, however, the oil and gas pools are vertically distributed in a quite unique way: (1) liquid oil and some dissolved gas are present in the Dawanqi Anticline with the reservoir at 300-700 m depth, forming the only oil field in the Kuqa Thrust; (2) gas and minor accompanying oil are found in the deep reservoir of the Dabei-1 and Dabei-2 thrust traps around 5000-6000 m depth; (3) an extremely dry gas pool is found in the Dabei-3 thrust trap where the depth of the reservoir is over 7000 m. Geochemical data suggest that the hydrocarbons in the Dawanqi Anticline and the Dabei thrust traps originated from a similar source, i.e. the underlying Jurassic coal measures, with some contribution from Jurassic lacustrine shales. The Jurassic source rocks did not start to generate oil until the Miocene (around the Kangcun Stage), and extended into the Pliocene (the Kuche Stage) with the main gas generation period in the Pliocene (the Kuche Stage) and the Quaternary. Because the traps formed relatively early, the Dabei-1 and Dabei-2 thrusts could trap some of the early generated oils, but most of the early charged oil was redistributed to the shallower Dawanqi Anticline during the Kuche Stage. The Dabei-3 thrust trap formed concurrently with major gas generation and thus could not trap liquid hydrocarbons. The difference in the vertical distribution of the hydrocarbon accumulations in the Dabei Gas Field resulted from a complex interplay of source variability, structural evolution of the basin and thermal maturation. 相似文献
16.
在辽河盆地中,海月潜山是一个典型的、由下古生界碳酸盐岩组成的规模较大的潜山。通过对海月潜山的地层、构造和构造应力场等分析,得出潜山西北边缘有一个裂缝发育带和潜山内4个较强的张应力区和张扭应力区,正好与4个构造圈闭吻合,它们是油气储集区．并发现潜山顶部局部保留有残留古风化壳,风化壳中网状裂缝是重要的油气储集空间。这些表明海月潜山是一个具有勘探潜力和油气远景的潜山区,它是我国东部中、新生代含油气盆地之下潜山油气藏勘探的一个很好范例。 相似文献
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北部湾盆地涠西南凹陷油气成藏条件分析 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
涠西南凹陷位于北部湾盆地西南部,发育有多个油气田(含油气构造)。以油气地质理论为指导,在构造和沉积地层特征研究的基础上,重点分析了烃源岩、储集层、圈闭及输导介质等油气成藏的基本要素,认为涠西南凹陷拥有较好的烃源岩、发育多套储集层、多种类型圈闭和复合的输导介质,具备油气藏形成的基本条件,具有广阔的油气勘探前景。 相似文献
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This article reviews the abnormal characteristics of shale gases (natural gases produced from organic-rich shales) and discusses the cause of the anomalies and mechanisms for gas enrichment and depletion in high-maturity organic-rich shales. The reported shale gas geochemical anomalies include rollover of iso-alkane/normal alkane ratios, rollover of ethane and propane isotopic compositions, abnormally light ethane and propane δ13C values as well as isotope reversals among methane, ethane and propane. These anomalies reflect the complex histories of gas generation and associated isotopic fractionation as well as in-situ “mixing and accumulation” of gases generated from different precursors at different thermal maturities. A model was proposed to explain the observed geochemical anomalies. Gas generation from kerogen cracking at relatively low thermal maturity accounted for the increase of iso-alkane/normal alkane ratios and ethane and propane δ13C values (normal trend). Simultaneous cracking of kerogen, retained oil and wet gas and associated isotopic fractionation at higher maturity caused decreasing iso-alkane/normal alkane ratios, lighter ethane and propane δ13C and corresponding conversion of carbon isotopic distribution patterns from normal through partial reversal to complete reversal. Relatively low oil expulsion efficiency at peak oil generation, low expulsion efficiency at peak gas generation and little gas loss during post-generation evolution are necessary for organic-rich shales to display the observed geochemical anomalies. High organic matter richness, high thermal maturity (high degrees of kerogen-gas and oil-gas conversions) and late-stage (the stage of peak gas generation and post-generation evolution) closed system accounted for gas enrichment in shales. Loss of free gases during post-generation evolution may result in gas depletion or even undersaturation (total gas content lower than the gas sorption capacity) in high-maturity organic-rich shales. 相似文献
19.
塔里木盆地两种重要的圈闭型式及其与喜山期油气关系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在塔里木盆地众多的圈闭类型中，中生界披覆背斜圈闭和以下古生界为主的断块潜山（或潜山）圈闭是最重要的两种高产圈闭型式，此两种圈闭均主要形成于中生代，它们所富集的油气均主要是喜山期以来生成的油气。披覆背斜圈闭封闭样多为单封闭层整合型，而断块潜山（或潜山）圈闭封闭样成式为不整合型（其中许多尚属多封闭层圈闭），故从理论上看，中生界披覆背斜圈闭封闭和储聚油气能力要优于古生界断块潜山（或潜山）圈闭，塔北勘探实 相似文献