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1.
青藏高原东南缘温、热、沸泉及喷气孔等地热显示以数量多、分布广为特征,大多数温泉沿块体边界及活动构造带出露,是研究川滇地区深部地球动力学过程的理想的场地。针对区内817组温泉水化学资料,选用4种地球化学温标计算了热储温度并选取可能的热储温度,利用克里金(Kriging)插值法确定以热储温度表达的浅层地热场。结果显示,浅层地热场空间分布具有显著的不均匀性,藏东昌都-波密构造区、松潘-甘孜构造区及红河断裂带以西三江构造区地热异常显著,滇中及滇东地区浅层地热异常不明显,云南地区表现为"西高东低"的特征。通过与地幔速度结构、氦同位素、花岗岩分布及壳幔热流结构对比发现,腾冲火山区、通关-宁洱火山区、松潘-甘孜地块的香格里拉和康定地区,以及汶川地区浅层地热异常与地幔软流圈上涌有关;而地热异常区内壳幔热流比值(Qc/Qm1)高的地区则与花岗岩放射性成因热有关。近年来的强震(Ms≥6.0)震中绝大部分位于地热异常区之间的过渡区域或地热梯度带上。深部流体作用及岩石圈热结构不均一性对强震的孕育过程有重要影响,可能是触发大地的重要因素。 相似文献
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西藏羊八井地热田物探新成果研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
羊八井地热田的物探工作可分为两个阶段。前期以直流电法为主,辅以地面重、磁测量,目的是圈定浅层热储的空间范围。后期则为了满足勘查深部热储的需要,采用大地电磁测深、频率电磁测深、微地震、地噪声测量等方法,与重、磁、电测深资料及化探、地质资料相结合,进行综合研究,取得了一些新成果,进一步肯定热源应为深达10km以下的局部岩浆房;深层热储主要位于热田北区,赋存于花岗岩破碎裂隙带中,深度约为1000-3000m,已有钻孔证实温度可超过300℃;热田南区的浅层热储属次生热储,热流体主要来自北区深部,在向南东渗流过程中,有大量冷潜水混入,使之降低了温度,但增加了流量。 相似文献
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通过对地热流体水化学、同位素以及热储岩石热物性测试,分析了延庆地热田大地热流特征、地热流体补给来源、年龄、循环深度以及热储温度等,从源、通、储和盖四方面系统总结了地热田成因。结果显示:延庆地热田属于由正常大地热流加热的非火山型地热系统,热田内大地热流值为75.6m W/m~2,地热流体补给来源于延庆西北部山区的大气降水。热田内三个主要热储中的地热流体年龄和循环深度存在一定区别。燕山期花岗岩、白垩系砂岩和蓟县系白云岩热储中地热水年龄分别为15～21ka、28ka、48ka。花岗岩和砂岩热储中地热流体循环深度约2500m。白云岩热储中流体循环深度为2900～3600m,热储温度分布范围为80.5～98.3℃,平均热储温度90.6℃。 相似文献
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长白山聚龙泉温泉地温梯度和热流的估算 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本项研究在野外完成了长白山聚龙泉温泉的测温测流工作;采集了相 应的温泉水样,对水样进行了常规分析,获得了K+、Na+、Ca2+、Mg2+、SO2-4、HCO-3、SiO2等组分结果。选取了4个温泉水样作为计算长白山聚龙泉温泉的热储的基本数据;使用玉髓温标公式初步计算了温泉热储的温度;根据Donaldson的管状模型,热流体的对流传输模型和无量刚的温度参数（由热储温度,地表泉口温度和地表平均气温计算）—涌水流量曲线的方法,参考了Rybach(1987)的一组曲线,估算了热水的循环深度（即热储深度）;使用地表温度、热储温度和热储深度,由热传导方程得到了长白山聚龙泉温泉地区的地温梯度, 估算了该地区的热流。 相似文献
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本文讨论的深部热流体为盆地基底以下的非烃类热流体,包括深部地壳热流体和上地幔热流体,其在沉积储层形成过程中的作用不容忽视。本文从深部热流体活动的识别标记和方法及其对沉积储层的改造作用两个方面展开了综述,并重点对碎屑岩储层中砂砾岩储层的深部热流体—成岩响应的研究热点和发展趋势加以展望。目前,深部热流体活动的识别标记总体上包括三个方面：① 岩石矿物学特征;② 古地温特征;③ 地球化学特征。因其温度和物质组分效应,深部热流体侵位会对沉积储层产生改造作用,建设性改造与/或破坏性改造随地区、深度和时间变化可伴生共存或交替发生。深部热流体和原生流体叠加过程对碎屑岩,特别是砂砾岩储层的改造机理和深部热流体侵位影响下的深层、超深层成储机理既是对流—岩相互作用研究很好的补充和丰富,也是当前沉积地质学领域面临的重大前沿性科学问题。 相似文献
6.
地热温标中的水—岩平衡状态研究 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
在地热资源勘探过程中，建立在水－岩平衡基础上的地热温标方法常被用来评价地下热储温度，但在某些情况下，作为地热温标的化学组分并没有真正与热储内部的矿物达到平衡，本文采用ｌｏｇ（Ｑ／Ｋ）图、不同参考温度下的平衡状态判定和Ｎａ－Ｋ－Ｍｇ三角图的方法来研究热流体的平衡状态，为地热温标的优化奠定了理论基础。 相似文献
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云南宁洱-通关火山区最上地壳地热场:构造和岩浆活动意义 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
思茅中生代红层盆地中央的宁洱和通关两地在第四纪均发生过小规模的玄武岩浆喷发,喷发渣锥至今清晰可见,而同属于该盆地中央的思茅-普洱地震区百年来6级地震密集发生。思茅盆地中央断裂发育,新构造隆升显著,壳幔速度和电性结构意味着该地区现今仍有可能存在着岩浆活动。然而,对宁洱-通关火山区目前到底有无壳内岩浆房和岩浆活动,以及岩浆活动与思普地震带地震活动的关系仍知之甚少。利用该地区的温泉资料和水化学分析数据,我们对宁洱-通关火山区及邻区范围内的36个温泉的热储温度进行了估算,得到了36个点的热储温度数据,通过克里金插值方法获得了宁洱-通关火山区的热储温度空间分布。结果发现:在宁洱火山和通关火山附近存在2个热储温度在220℃以上的温度场高值异常区。综合考虑我们的地热场结果、前人的速度和电性结构等深部探测资料,我们认为:宁洱-通关火山区现今仍存在2个岩浆房,第1个岩浆房位于宁洱县城一带,第2个岩浆房位于墨江通关火山区附近;但宁洱火山和通关火山已不在现今岩浆房的正上方,各反向错开约18km,由此推断把边江断裂(F2)为右旋错动,其中更新世以来的右旋错动速率为18mm/y;宁洱地区频繁而密集的中强地震活动与深部岩浆活动及其产生的深源流体活动密切相关。岩浆的存在使上部地壳与下伏地壳充分解耦并产生应力集中,深源流体活动则有利于断层发生错动。 相似文献
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Deciphering Geothermal resources in Deccan trap region using electrical resistivity tomography technique 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Dewashish Kumar S. Thiagarajan S. N. Rai 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2011,78(6):541-548
Exploration of Geothermal resources is important from energy point of view. Western margin of volcanic Deccan traps, also
known as Western Ghats, is characterized with the presence of numerous hot springs. The resistivity contrast for the geothermal
reservoir rock and the surrounding host rock is significantly high in volcanic terrain which is the case of present study.
In such cases the resistivity associated with geothermal reservoirs usually varies from <5 to 15 Ohm-m regardless of how high
resistivity is outside the reservoir zone. Direct current (DC) resitivity method is proved to be more suitable method for
delineation of groundwater reservoirs. The present work describes the results of electrical resistivity tomography survey
carried out at four hot spring sites located at Unhavare (Khed), Tural, Rajwadi and Aravali villages of Chiplun taluk in Ratnagiri
district of Maharashtra for delineation of the geothermal reservoirs and associated geological features like faults and fractures
responsible for vertical movement of geothermal water with the sole purpose of harnessing geothermal energy. In addition to
this, the present study is also aimed to delineate the groundwater reservoirs with normal temperature for exploration purpose
to meet the local water supply demand. The interpreted results of the field data suggest the presence of two potential geothermal
reservoirs at Unhavare (Khed) and one each at Tural and Aravali. Potential groundwater zones with normal temperature are also
delineated for groundwater exploration at Rajwadi and Aravali sites. 相似文献
12.
《International Geology Review》2012,54(11):1384-1400
A better understanding of the chemical evolution of fluids in geothermal and hydrothermal systems requires data-based knowledge regarding the interplay between active tectonics and fluid flow. The Southern Andes volcanic zone is one of the best natural laboratories to address this issue because of the occurrence of numerous geothermal areas, recent seismic activity generated by regional fault systems, and intense volcanic activity. Geothermal systems have been understudied in this area, and limited scientific information exists about the role of local kinematic conditions on fluid flow and mineralization during the development and evolution of geothermal reservoirs. In this study, we provide data for a 1:200,000 scale geological and structural map of the Villarrica–Chihuio area as a setting in which to perform a structural analysis of active geothermal areas. This structural analysis, combined with geochemical modelling of hot spring data, allows the identification of two magmatic-tectonic-geothermal domains based on fault systems, volcanic activity, and lithologies. The Liquiñe–Ofqui fault system (LOFS) domain encompasses geothermal areas located either along the master or subsidiary faults. These are favourably orientated for shear and extension, respectively. In the LOFS domain, the geochemistry of hot spring discharges is controlled by interaction with the crystalline basement, and is characterized by low B/Cl conservative element ratios and high pH. In marked contrast, the arc-oblique long-lived fault systems (ALFS) domain includes geothermal occurrences located on the flanks of volcanoes forming WNW-trending alignments; these systems are built over faults that promote the development of crustal magma reservoirs. Unlike the first domain, the fluid chemistry of these geothermal discharges is strongly controlled by volcanic host rocks, and is typified by lower pH and higher B/Cl ratios. Reaction path modelling supports our model: chemical evolution of geothermal fluids in the Villarrica–Chihuio area is strongly dependent on structurally controlled mechanisms of heat transfer. Within this framework, heat transfer by conduction is responsible for the LOFS domain, whereas magmatically enhanced advective transport dominates heat flow in the ALFS domain. Although more studies are needed to constrain the complex interplay between tectonics and fluid flow, results from this study provide new insights towards efficient exploration strategies of geothermal resources in Southern Chile. 相似文献
13.
地热资源按地质构造及成因的不同可划分为火山型及沉积盆地型两种类型。国内外许多学者对沉积型地热系统的同位素水文地球化学研究较多,而火山型地热系统研究不足,且沉积型和火山型地热流体的同位素水文地球化学对比研究还有待进一步深入。文章以关中盆地腹部沉积型地热系统及腾冲火山地热系统为代表,应用同位素水文地球化学方法对不同类型地热流体的地质构造、地热流体起源及成因、热储开放程度等进行系统对比研究,进而揭示其异同之处,为我国不同类型地热资源的可持续开发利用提供科学依据。关中盆地与腾冲热海地热系统在热储空间、构造条件、热源方面均存在较大差异,前者热储更为封闭,热储层更厚,后者热储通道更为畅通,热源更为丰富;腾冲热海地热系统热储温度高,埋藏更浅,热水循环更快,更易于开发利用。关中盆地与腾冲热海地热系统均存在比较明显的δ18O富集现象,关中盆地地热流体滞留时间更长是δ18O富集的主控因素,腾冲较高的热储温度是δ18O富集的主控因素;关中盆地腹部为沉积-半封闭型、封闭型,腾冲热海地热系统为火山-半封闭型;在漫长的地质历史时期,水岩反应的程度是决定热储流体水化学类型的主控因素。 相似文献
14.
LI Jun-ya WANG Yu-jue HE Xue-wen XUE Guo-dong XU Huan TIAN Yan-hong ZHAO Li-li CUI Qi-hang 《地下水科学与工程》2014,7(1):61-69
The geothermal resource is a form of “green” and renewable energy with huge development potential in terms of both environmental protection and economy. It was concluded that the exposed hot springs were mostly produced when fluids derived from atmospheric precipitation were heated deep and recurrently under the ground, developed banded geothermal reservoir in the pores of fault damage zones, fissure zones, hornification zones and dikes, and then moved upward with analyzing the geological and hydrogeological data as well as hydrochemical types of the naturally exposed hot springs in the studied region so as to ascertain the accumulation conditions of geothermal resources in a particular county in Western Sichuan and opt for suitable target areas for exploring geothermal resources. Four areas where geothermal resources are potentially located were proposed with analysis of their formation conditions based on this notion, and the “epsilon-shaped” structure in Zhimulin, the “epsilon-shaped” structure in Jiaochang, the vortex structure in Rewugou and the arcuate structure in Shidaguan were analyzed in this paper offering a reference for developing and exploiting the geothermal resources in the region as well as studying the development patterns of other hot springs in this region. 相似文献
15.
LI Jun-ya WANG Yu-jue HE Xue-wen XUE Guo-dong XU Huan TIAN Yan-hong ZHAO Li-li CUI Qi-hang 《地下水科学与工程》2019,7(1):61-69
The geothermal resource is a form of "green" and renewable energy with huge development potential in terms of both environmental protection and economy. It was concluded that the exposed hot springs were mostly produced when fluids derived from atmospheric precipitation were heated deep and recurrently under the ground, developed banded geothermal reservoir in the pores of fault damage zones, fissure zones, hornification zones and dikes, and then moved upward with analyzing the geological and hydrogeological data as well as hydrochemical types of the naturally exposed hot springs in the studied region so as to ascertain the accumulation conditions of geothermal resources in a particular county in Western Sichuan and opt for suitable target areas for exploring geothermal resources. Four areas where geothermal resources are potentially located were proposed with analysis of their formation conditions based on this notion, and the "epsilon-shaped" structure in Zhimulin, the "epsilon-shaped" structure in Jiaochang, the vortex structure in Rewugou and the arcuate structure in Shidaguan were analyzed in this paper offering a reference for developing and exploiting the geothermal resources in the region as well as studying the development patterns of other hot springs in this region. 相似文献
16.
为分析总结贵州省水热型地热资源分布特征和水化学特征,对省内天然温泉和地热井流体进行调查和采样测试,在全面收集已有最新地热勘查资料的基础上,通过地热资源地质勘查、评价相关标准和规范以及流体水化学Piper三线图分析等,划分地热资源类型,分析资源分布、资源富集和热储特征,研究不同构造区、不同热储中流体水文地球化学、微量元素等特征。结果表明: 贵州省水热型地热资源主要分布于黔中及黔北地区,属低温地热资源,类型以隆起(褶皱)断裂型为主,以层状兼带状热储分布最广; 地热流体富集和出露受构造控制明显,在石阡、遵义、贵阳、息烽等地形成以震旦系、寒武系白云岩热储为主的4大地热资源富集区,动态较稳定; 相同构造区和热储中流体水化学特征基本相似,水化学类型总体以重碳酸盐型为主,具有矿化度低、富含锶、偏硅酸、氟、氡等对人体有益的微量元素和放射性成分等特征。 相似文献
17.
Thirty-two thermal spring, eleven cold spring and six steam condensates in the Larderello-Travale geothermal region have been studied from a geochemical point of view. The aim of this work was to delineate the relation between the chemical composition of the natural thermal manifestations and the thermal anomaly, which is among the best known in the world.The Larderello spring, both hot and cold, are characterized by low salinity (total dissolved solids generally lower than 1000 mg/kg), and alkaline-earth bicarbonate composition. In contrast, an alkaline-earth sulfate composition characterizes the thermal springs of the Travale area. This difference is due to the fact that the underground pathways of the Larderello hot springs are only in shallow flyschoid caprock formations, whereas at Travale the paths are longer and in carbonate-anhydritic Mesozoic rocks, which constitute the main reservoir formations in both the Larderello and Travale areas.The thermal character of Larderello springs is, therefore, mainly due to rock conduction, whereas in Travale it is mostly due to inflows of hot fluid phases from the geothermal reservoir. Comparison between ammonia, Li and B in fluid phases (both steam condensates and hot springs) in the Larderello area suggests that in some of them, their temperatures might be partly due to direct vapor inflows. 相似文献
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Hirok Chaudhuri Chiranjit Maji Kankana Seal Supriya Pal Mrinal Kanti Mandal 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2018,11(12):324
Geothermal power seems to be a potential source of green energy in India. But these renewable energy resources are still ignored in India even after having a lot of potential sources as seen in more than 300 hot springs scattered throughout different geothermal areas of the country. Many of them could be utilized for power generation using the earth’s internal heat. More hours are needed to explore these geothermal areas using geochemical, geophysical techniques, and statistical analysis to qualitatively estimate power harnessing capabilities and sustainability of the areas for generation of geothermal power. In the present paper, attention has been focused to investigate Bakreswar geothermal field of India by continuous (24*7) and online monitoring of terrestrial gases such as He and radioactive gases (222Rn) in hot spring emanations of the geothermal area for more than 5 years along with discrete measurement of some other geochemical and geophysical parameters. The discrete measures imply that the seven hot spring vents at the study area are linked to the aquifer through different ways covering non-uniform rock assemblies and ascertain the presence of high amount of radioactive minerals at the underneath terrains. Stable activities with a high-out flux of 222Rn and He for a prolonged time period is expected within the reservoir present at the study area as consequence of analysis of the temporal variations and statistical measures of the continuous data sets. Seasonal variation of time series data also recommends that the high amount of radioactive sources present at the crust of the reservoir is able to produce enough quantity of heat irrespective of meteorological effects. The investigation on the power spectra interferes that the geothermal system is still in quite active phase on the influence of tectonic activities. Therefore, the geothermal reservoir present at the Bakreswar geothermal area may be utilized as a constant and continuous heat source for a long time period to run a geothermal power plant. 相似文献
19.
浅析开采条件下地下热水资源的演变 总被引：16，自引：1，他引：16
地下热水的分布可以分为埋藏型(或盆地型)和出露型(或温泉型).埋藏型分布于沉积盆地深处,热储层规模大,有较大的储存资源,但补给资源极为有限或缺乏,开采地下热水主要是消耗储存资源,可导致热水系统水位持续下降.出露型多见于山区,地下热水以温泉的方式出露地表,其储存资源和补给资源均有限,在温泉附近开采热水可导致温泉流量减小直至干涸,热水系统水位、水温也会持续下降.在某些特定条件下在温泉附近打成的自流孔可使地下热水资源量有所增加.温泉的自封闭作用可使其流量减少. 相似文献
20.
长白山地区地热系统的研究目前还处于初级阶段,热储温度仍然是具有争议的问题。为进一步明确其高温地热成因机理,本文对该区域的4个温泉点与2口地热井进行了离子及气体组分测定与分析,并应用地球化学温标估算了热储温度。Na-K-Mg三角图和部分矿物I_S值指示长白山地区地热水与围岩未达到水岩平衡状态,稀释作用明显,仅石英、玉髓和部分含Ca2+矿物达到饱和并发生沉淀。根据本文及前人的研究,研究区同时存在高温喷气孔、高_ρ(Cl^-)水和高_ρ(SO_42-)水,这符合White汽-液分离模式提出的地热地表显示组合,因此推断长白山地区下部流体发生汽-液分离作用(沸腾)且地热系统为双相地热系统。由于双相地热系统的存在制约了水化学温标与部分气化学温标在研究区热储温度估算中的应用,因此本文结合研究区气组分特征,选取CO_2/H_2温标作为可靠温标,估算出热储温度在234.5～284.7℃之间。将长白山天池地区地质特征与地热流体特征结合,建立了长白山地区地热成因模式。 相似文献