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1.
Equivalent in principle to type localities and type specimens in biology and paleontology, geological type sections and type localities, whether for sedimentary, metamorphic or igneous units, are critically important sites as long-term reference and research localities and for geo-education of students. Unlike type specimens that are housed in museums or established institutions of learning, most geological type sections and localities are in field settings and, if they are not located in National Parks or other reserves with some legislated protection, run the risk of being destroyed, inundated, buried by earthworks or otherwise modified. The history of the geological sciences in Australia is such that a number of type localities, or stratigraphic type sections, have been destroyed by local government actions, or developers through lack of knowledge of their importance, or lack of knowledge of their existence. Examples of the severe modification or loss of type sections include those of the Maxicar beds, the Tims Thicket Limestone and the Eaton Sand. The UK, a leader in the field of Geoconservation and with a number of global stratotype section and point locations as well as many other type sections identified within its borders, provides models for preserving and managing important geological sites and type sections. Whole-of-government and local governments are involved in the registering and protection of important geological sites. Aspects of the UK model may be adapted to help secure geological type sections and localities in Australia. While some type sections and heritage localities are already protected, to improve the level of protection for more sites we propose a long-term, multi-pronged approach: creation of an inventory of all nominated locations; registration of appropriate sites at Local, State or Federal government levels, where current legislation allows; education of landowners and land managers, both government and non-government to highlight the importance of type sections to science; and securing more geological type sections and localities in some form of reserve. 相似文献
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Kholoud M. AbdelMaksoud Wael M. Al-Metwaly Dmitry A. Ruban Natalia N. Yashalova 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2019,130(5):599-608
Anthropogenic damage of geoheritage is documented widely, but natural processes can also lead to geoheritage loss. For instance, sand dune migration causes submergence of unique geological and palaeontological sites in desert environments of the Sahara. The Siwa Oasis in the Western Desert of Egypt boasts rich geoheritage, which is represented in many localities. Three of them in the southern part of the oasis are outcrops of highly-fossiliferous limestones. Palaeontological, sedimentary, palaeogeographical, and geomorphological types of geoheritage are recognized there. Sand dune activity on the study area is registered both visually and with remote sensing techniques. Denudation and destruction of naturally-exposed rocks is documented. Evidence of outcrop submergence with sand is found in all cases. The localities are situated in the pathway of rapid (up to ?10 m/yr) dune migration. One locality may disappear within one–two years. Sand dune migration has to be considered as a factor of geoheritage loss in the Siwa Oasis, and the relevant protection of the studied localities is necessary. Geopark creation and improvement of water use in the oasis can also help significantly, as well as the reference to archaeological experience of excavation and protection of heritage sites submerged by sands. More generally, geoheritage conservation should be integrated with a program for sustainable oasis development. 相似文献
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辽宁省五龙金矿区地质工作程度较高,截至目前开采深度达近千米,而地球物理工作相对滞后,急需开展深部隐伏矿地球物理探测工作,进而指导深部找矿预测研究,实现寻找深部隐伏矿的有效突破。为此,在分析矿区地质、构造及岩矿石物性资料的基础上,结合区域航磁资料和区域构造的分析结果,针对矿区主要成矿地质体和成矿构造,实施开展了连续电导率观测,通过二维反演与综合分析,预测五龙矿区163主矿体向下仍有较大的成矿空间,且矿体向东南方向延伸,在矿区东南部及外围形成较为有利的成矿部位,进而为下一步矿区地质找矿工作提供有效帮助或指导。 相似文献
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青海省金矿综合信息预测 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
以金矿床密集区为模型单元、金异常密集区为预测单元,建立综合信息找矿模型进行成矿预测。结果表明,该区的金矿大都分布在不同大地构造单元结合部位;处于前震旦纪变质岩系出露及隐伏基底边缘;位于出露和隐伏中酸性岩体及其接触带;位于重磁环线、线线构造交汇处等。首次在青海省开展大型、超大型金矿预测,提出在已知大型、超大型矿床密集区内寻找姊妹矿床的思路。 相似文献
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Neil Ellis 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2011,122(3):353-362
Geoconservation – protecting, managing and enhancing natural geological features and materials, and geomorphological landforms and processes – is especially important in Great Britain, a place sometimes described as the ‘cradle’ of the science of geology. For such a small area of land, Britain has an unusually diverse geological make-up, with rocks from every geological period present. Many stratigraphical terms used internationally were devised here, and British sites provide key study areas where important new geological theories were developed in the pioneering era of the Earth sciences. Therefore, with such a wealth of geology, and Britain's seminal place in the science itself, it is particularly important to conserve and protect key localities here for future generations. A first step in that process is the auditing of the geology and geomorphology of Britain, by carrying out a scientific evaluation exercise according to standard criteria, and creating an inventory of the most important sites for science.In the mid-1970s, the Nature Conservancy Council (NCC) began an ambitious programme for assessment and documentation of the most important sites for the scientific study of geology and geomorphology in Great Britain, building on previous statutory site conservation activity that had already been started in 1949 by the former Nature Conservancy. As a result, the ‘Geological Conservation Review’ (GCR) was formally launched in 1977. The GCR was a world-first project of its type in the systematic assessment of the whole geological heritage of a country, from first principles. Widespread consultation with geologists and geomorphologists across Great Britain was co-ordinated; their guidance and involvement was a key component of the site selection process. Almost 3000 nationally or internationally important sites had been selected for around 100 site-selection categories for the GCR register by 1990. Almost all the GCR sites are now conserved under British law as Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSIs), the GCR information providing the scientific evidence-base that underpins that designation.As part of the site-selection process – which is still active – a considerable archive of information about geological sites was amassed. A major publication exercise detailing all the GCR sites in what was to become the GCR Series of books was devised early on in the GCR programme.Thirty-six volumes of the GCR Series have been seen to completion by NCC and the Joint Nature Conservation Committee, and many GCR site reports have been many made freely available on the World Wide Web. As a new venture, the remaining nine volumes will now be published by Elsevier Science Publishers as Special Issues of the Proceedings of the Geologists’ Association. Each GCR volume includes an overview of the subject and outlines the history of study of the relevant branch of the Earth sciences, but most importantly contains detailed accounts of the features of geological importance in the sites described. A scientific interpretation is provided for each site account, which includes supportive illustrations, tables and photographs and an extensive reference list.The GCR rationale, methods and information resource have been invaluable in almost every aspect of geoconservation carried out in Britain, including World Heritage Site nominations, protection of stratotypes, justifying the scientific conservation value of sites at Public Inquiries, in stimulating geological research and in providing a readily available information resource for local, regional, national and international geoconservation activities. 相似文献
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北京西山侏罗纪煤系与京东煤田和相邻省(自治区)的同期煤系存在诸多差异，尤其是在采空区地质灾害类型方面具有明显的特殊性。它既有别于周边地区同期煤系，也有别于同一地区下伏石炭—二叠纪煤系采空区地质灾害链。对于形成这种差异的因素研究，既是基础地质课题，也是工程地质课题。北京西山侏罗纪煤系岩石中新生矿物组合及煤层的高变质特征表明，煤系曾经历了绿片岩相区域变质作用的改造过程。这一改造过程可能起始于晚侏罗世早期，是燕山构造运动中期发生在地下5一l0km的区域变质作用。同期(或同地区)煤系灾害类型的差异起因于变质程度的不同。绿片岩相区域变质作用对岩石的“加工硬化”，是北京西山侏罗纪煤系岩石及煤层强度提高的主要原因，也是各井田采空区地质灾害特殊性的内因。 相似文献
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古植物化石是地质历史时期各类植物实体或遗迹的残留。对古植物化石产地进行系统的调查和区划研究是开展古生物化石保护和利用工作的基础。在资料研究和实地调查的基础上,对甘肃省24处重要古植物化石产地进行了评价和区划研究。甘肃省古植物化石产地可划分为北山地区、祁连山——河西走廊地区、鄂尔多斯和秦岭地区4个古生物化石大区以及6个古植物化石产地集中区。根据古植物化石产地的科学价值和美学价值,具体从科学性、稀有性、完整性、保存程度、可保护性5个单因素分别对24处重要古植物化石产地进行了评价。在单因素评价基础上进行了综合鉴评,共鉴评出世界级化石产地1处,国家级化石产地7处,省级化石产地16处。根据产地自然区划、行政区划等要素划分了古植物化石产地集中保护区6个。根据保护区内古植物化石产地级别及重要程度,划分出特级保护区2个,重点保护区2个和一般保护区2个。提出对重要古植物化石产地实行化石标本保护加原产地保护的建议。 相似文献
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Dimension stone is a natural rock that must fulfil high qualitative standards defined by both geology-based factors and non-geological factors. The stone itself (appearance/soundness) and the market demand are the two most important aspects in the quality assessment. The process of geological dimension stone exploration is a systematic and stepwise procedure, including individual steps of desk study, field mapping, detailed examination, geo-radar survey, and core drilling. The location of all economically feasible dimension stone deposits is strictly controlled by geological factors. Knowledge of these factors is fundamental in identifying new sites with potential for dimension stone. In this work the geological constraint on the occurrence of dimension stone in three areas, in the Precambrian of southern Finland, has been investigated. The deposits are localized to part of an area in which different geological features in combination have produced rock of good dimension stone quality. The study shows that, for example, vertical movements in the crust, magmatic evolution of an intrusion, and metamorphic grade define the location of rocks suitable for dimension stone. 相似文献
10.
乌鲁瓦提地质景观区是以昆仑造山带地质构造为特征的构造地貌和山地地貌综合性地质景观区。景观区内地质遗迹和景观类型多样, 共包括地质(体、层)剖面、地质构造、地貌景观、水体景观和环境地质遗迹景观5个大类、7个类共20多处地质遗迹景点,总体可划分为5大景区。本文在前人研究总结的基础上,就地质景观区内旅游资源,特别是地质遗迹进行了系统调查和评价。结果表明：和田乌鲁瓦提地质景观区内地质遗迹种类丰富,具有较高的科研、科普及经济价值,其开发利用将加快南疆和田地区脱贫工作。 相似文献
11.
Paleomagnetic and palynologic analyses of Albian to Santonian strata at Bayn Shireh, Burkhant, and Khuren Dukh, eastern Gobi Desert, Mongolia 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Cretaceous terrestrial sediments deposited in a series of intracratonic basins across the Gobi Desert region of southern Mongolia and northern China contain a unique and diverse vertebrate fauna. In 1996 an expedition jointly sponsored by the Mongolian Paleontological Center and the Hayashibara Museum of Natural Sciences revisited a number of famous vertebrate fossil localities in the eastern Gobi region of Mongolia and, as part of a broad geological and paleontological study, collected a series of paleomagnetic samples from measured sections at Bayn Shireh, Burkhant and Khuren Dukh, as well as from an unmeasured locality adjacent to Khuren Dukh. Expedition members also collected palynologic samples from Khuren Dukh and the adjacent locality. Paleomagnetic analysis shows that all the sites from which samples were collected display detrital remnant magnetization that is consistently normal in polarity. The measured Cretaceous magnetic directions are oriented to the east or northeast of the present day expected direction (declination 356.2°, inclination 65.2°), and they are wholly concordant with that expected for a mid-latitude Northern Hemisphere sampling locality, and with the directions for this period reported by other workers. These results, when considered in tandem with the known biostratigraphy, strongly suggest that the sedimentary deposits at all four localities in the eastern Gobi correlate to the normal polarity chron 34 (the Cretaceous Long Normal), which ranges in age from approximately 121 to 83.5 million years. Previous vertebrate, invertebrate and palynological data from Khuren Dukh suggest that the lower and middle parts of the stratigraphic interval exposed there (which have been assigned to the Shinekhudag Formation) are ‘Khukhtekian’ in age and correspond to the Aptian–Albian interval that can be broadly correlated to the older, Early Cretaceous part of the Cretaceous Long Normal, C34n. New palynologic data presented here indicate that these strata are no older than middle to late Albian. The rocks at Bayn Shireh (the Bayn Shireh Formation) have been assigned a ‘Baynshirenian’ biostratigraphic age that may range from Cenomanian to early Campanian. The magnetostratigraphy results presented here indicate that the strata at both the Bayn Shireh and Burkhant localities do not cross the Santonian/Campanian Stage boundary, however, as this is believed to lie at, or very near, the C34n/C33r reversal boundary. Thus, the Bayn Shireh Formation was most likely deposited near the end of the Cretaceous Long Normal Interval, no later than the latest Santonian. 相似文献
12.
Natalia M. Levashova Kirill E. Degtyarev Mikhail L. Bazhenov Adam Q. Collins Rob Van der Voo 《Tectonophysics》2003,377(3-4):249-268
In order to test different hypotheses concerning the Paleozoic evolution of the Ural–Mongol belt (UMB) and the amalgamation of Eurasia, we studied Middle Devonian basalts from two localities (11 sites) and Lower Silurian volcanics, redbeds, and intra-formational conglomerates from three localities (20 sites) in the Chingiz Range of East Kazakhstan. The Devonian rocks prove to be heavily overprinted in the late Paleozoic, and a high-temperature, presumably primary, southerly, and down component is isolated at only four sites from a homoclinal section. Most Silurian redbeds are found to be remagnetized in the late Paleozoic; in contrast, a bipolar near-horizontal remanence, isolated from Silurian volcanics, is most probably primary as indicated by positive tilt and conglomerate tests. Analysis of paleomagnetic data from the Chingiz Range shows that southward-pointing directions in Ordovician, Silurian, and Devonian rocks are of normal polarity and hence indicate large-scale rotations after the Middle Devonian. The Chingiz paleomagnetic directions can be compared with Paleozoic data from the North Tien Shan and with the horseshoe-shaped distribution of subduction-related volcanic complexes in Kazakhstan. Both paleomagnetic and geological data support the idea that today's strongly curved volcanic belts of Kazakhstan are an orocline, deformed mostly before mid-Permian time. Despite the determination of nearly a dozen new Paleozoic paleopoles in this study and other recent publications by our team, significant temporal and spatial gaps remain in our knowledge of the paleomagnetic directions during the middle and late Paleozoic. However, the paleomagnetic results from the Chingiz Range and the North Tien Shan indicate that these areas show generally coherent motions with Siberia and Baltica, respectively. 相似文献
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影响地下水封石油洞库场址条件优劣的因素较多,除了相关的地质环境因素外,同时还应考虑石油运输的经济性和施工的便利性。在我国第一批国家石油储备基地地下储备库调研和勘察工作的基础上,从场址工程地质条件、技术经济条件、施工条件方面提出地质构造、地形地貌、岩体强度等10个影响地下水封石油洞库场址优劣性的因素,并确定了它们对应的量化指标;以这10个影响因素为评价指标,确定了地下水封石油洞库场址优劣等级的评价标准;详细介绍了可拓综合评价方法和程序,并建立了地下水封油库场址优劣等级可拓评价模型。将这套评价方法在惠州地下水封油库工程中进行应用,验证了评价标准和评价方法的可靠性,评价结果表明惠州地下水封油库场址属于优等场址。 相似文献
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Analysis of geological sections, paleogeography, and paleomagnetic data is used to reveal succession of the middle to late Sarmatian mammal localities of the Eastern Paratethys and their correlation with the continental stratigraphic scale of Western Europe. Until recently, the late Sarmatian localities were correlated with MN10 and even MN11 zones. As is proved, all the known late Sarmatian localities should be correlated with the upper half of Zone MN9. The terminal late Sarmatian faunas only, which are correlative with the lowermost Chron C4Ar3r and older than 9.6 Ma, can be referred to Zone MN10. According to essential changes in taxonomic composition of faunas from continental localities around the Eastern Paratethys, which are recorded in the mid-late Sarmatian, Zone MN9 can be divided in two subzones MN9a and MN9b separated by boundary at ～10.5 Ma. The refined correlation can be used to establish difference between faunas of the Southeastern, Central, and West European paleozoogeographic provinces and to assess diachronism in dispersal of mammals. In the Southeastern province, many forms characteristic of the Turolian in Central and Western Europe first appeared as early as in the mid-Vallesian. The results obtained indicate that faunal criteria used to define boundaries of MN zones in Western Europe are of a regional importance being inapplicable to the entire North Eurasia and even to Europe as a whole that is unfortunately ignored by many paleontologists. Criteria of distinction should be worked out for each paleozoogeographic province. As geochronological levels of faunal changes are identical throughout the northern Palearctic, they suggest impact of global factors despite variable manifestation in different regions. 相似文献
16.
A. Schumann A. Muwanga T. Lehto M. Staudt T. Schlüter V. Kato A. Namboyera 《Geology Today》2015,31(2):59-67
Geosites are important and/or unique geological or geographical features of significance. Typically they comprise geological, palaeontological, as well as archaeological sites. Geosites should be regarded as deserving to be preserved and protected, either from the elements or from destructive human activities, both for the community and future generations. A good knowledge of geological heritage, and a healthy respect for it, is an important factor in the holistic approach for sustainable development. Very often, these sites bear a multi‐faceted ‘story’, which may date back from very recent times to billions of years ago. As such, geosites are of great educational and scientific value. In Africa, such sites have not been receiving the attention they deserve. Only a few countries on the continent acknowledge their importance. Within the framework of a Sustainable Management of Mineral Resources Project (SMMRP), geological mapping, geochemical surveys and mineral resources assessment in selected areas of Uganda have been completed under the umbrella of the Geological Survey of Finland (GTK), and the Department of Geological Survey and Mines (DGSM, Uganda). Apart from recording ‘hard‐tough’ geology, 62 geosites were documented in 2010 and 2011. For the first time, such sites have been incorporated in the new geological maps of the country (at a scale of 1: 250 000). It is possible that this is the first time that such places have been shown on geological maps of Africa. Currently, the extreme north‐east of the country is being geologically mapped by DGSM, with the eventuality of more possible geosites being discovered. 相似文献
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本文以正在开展公益性基础地质矿产调查项目的西藏洛扎地区为例,选取SPOT-6、ETM+数据,开展遥感地质解译;选取ASTER数据开展遥感蚀变异常提取;通过1∶5万水系沉积物测量,开展地球化学异常提取;结合已有地质资料等信息,提取该地区成矿影响因子。采用层次分析法对各影响因子进行综合分析,计算出各因子的权重值。利用GIS平台,建立了层次分析评判的综合信息成矿预测模型,圈定了6个成矿远景区,通过野外调查发现了铜铅矿化,为该地区地质矿产调查工作提供了技术支持。 相似文献
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A herbarium collection of plants from Obi Island (North Moluccas) was analyzed for nickel and other elements in order to identify new hyperaccumulators (> 1000 μg/g dry weight) which are indicative of ultrabasic substrates. Ultrabasic substrates are usually hosts for important economic minerals. Planchonella oxyedra Dubard and Trichospermum kjellbergii Burret were found to be hyperaccumulators of nickel and the work was therefore followed up by analysis of further specimens of these two species from localities throughout their range in Southeast Asia and Oceania. The data pinpointed previously known ultrabasic areas in Sulawesi (Celebes) and West Irian (Indonesian New Guinea) as well as one in Ambon (South Moluccas) which is not recorded on geological maps. 相似文献
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南阳山锑矿位于五里川锑成矿亚带,属热液矿床,矿体分布在双槐树断裂带南侧F1、F2断裂带内。本文通过野外观察、薄片分析、微量元素分析等方法,对南阳山矿区地质特征及其矿床成因进行分析。本区矿石可分为三类:角砾状矿石、团块状矿石、充填脉状矿石,其中角砾状矿石为主要矿石类型。矿石矿物有辉锑矿和锑华,其中以辉锑矿为主。南阳山锑矿成矿元素Sb主要来源于秦岭群(赋矿层),S元素随热液来源于深部岩浆。含矿断裂带F1、F2深部与其北侧双槐树大断裂相连,热液沿双槐树断裂带向上运移至断裂分叉部位发生分流,分流热液继续汇集秦岭群内成矿元素,在上升至成矿有利部位便聚集成矿。这对南阳山锑矿盲矿体的寻找具有重要的指导意义,同时对寻找五里川锑成矿亚带内新矿(化)体具有重要的借鉴意义。 相似文献