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1.
A new method is developed for analysis of flexible foundations (beams) on spatially random elastic soil. The elastic soil underneath the beams is treated as a continuum, characterized by spatially random Young’s modulus and constant Poisson’s ratio. The randomness of the soil Young’s modulus is modeled using a two-dimensional non-Gaussian, homogeneous random field. The beam geometry and Young’s modulus are assumed to be deterministic. The total potential energy of the beam-soil system is minimized, and the governing differential equations and boundary conditions describing the equilibrium configuration of the system are obtained using the variational principles of mechanics. The differential equations are solved using the finite element and finite difference methods to obtain the beam and soil displacements. Four different beam lengths, representing moderately short, moderately long and long beams are analyzed for beam deflection, differential settlement, bending moment and beam shear force. The statistics of the beam responses are investigated using Monte Carlo simulations for different beam-soil modulus ratios and for different variances and scales of fluctuations of the soil Young’s modulus. Suggestions regarding the use of the analysis in design are made. A novelty in the analysis is that the two-dimensional random heterogeneity of soil is taken into account without the use of traditional two-dimensional numerical methods, which makes the new approach computationally efficient. 相似文献
2.
Consolidation in spatially random unsaturated soils based on coupled flow‐deformation simulation 
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下载免费PDF全文 This paper integrates random field simulation of soil spatial variability with numerical modeling of coupled flow and deformation to investigate consolidation in spatially random unsaturated soil. The spatial variability of soil properties is simulated using the covariance matrix decomposition method. The random soil properties are imported into an interactive multiphysics software COMSOL to solve the governing partial differential equations. The effects of the spatial variability of Young's modulus and saturated permeability together with unsaturated hydraulic parameters on the dissipation of excess pore water pressure and settlement are investigated using an example of consolidation in a saturated‐unsaturated soil column because of loading. It is found that the surface settlement and the pore water pressure profile during the process of consolidation are significantly affected by the spatially varying Young's modulus. The mean value of the settlement of the spatially random soil is more than 100% greater than that of the deterministic case, and the surface settlement is subject to large uncertainty, which implies that consolidation settlement is difficult to predict accurately based on the conventional deterministic approach. The uncertainty of the settlement increases with the scale of fluctuation because of the averaging effect of spatial variability. The effects of spatial variability of saturated permeability ksat and air entry parameters are much less significant than that of elastic modulus. The spatial variability of air entry value parameters affects the uncertainties of settlement and excess pore pressure mostly in the unsaturated zone. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
3.
We investigate the effects of using different types of statistical distributions (lognormal, gamma, and beta) to characterize the variability of Young’s modulus of soils in random finite element analyses of shallow foundation settlement. We use a two-dimensional linear elastic, plane-strain, finite element model with a rigid footing founded on elastic soil. Poisson’s ratio of the soil is considered constant, and Young’s modulus is characterized using random fields with extreme values of the scale of fluctuation. We perform an extensive sensitivity analysis to compare the distributions of computed settlements when different types of statistical distributions of Young’s modulus, different coefficients of variation of Young’s modulus, and different scales of fluctuation of the random field of Young’s modulus are considered. A large number of realizations are employed in the Monte Carlo simulations to investigate the influence of the tails of the statistical distributions under study. Results indicate the type of distribution considered for characterization of the random field of Young’s modulus can have a significant impact on computed settlement results. In particular, considering different types of distributions of Young’s modulus can lead to more than 600% differences on computed mean settlements for cases with high coefficient of variation and large scale of fluctuation of Young’s modulus. The effect of considering different types of distributions is reduced, but not completely eliminated, for smaller coefficients of variation of Young’s modulus (because the differences between distributions decrease) and for small values of the scale of fluctuation of Young’s modulus (because of an identified “averaging effect”). 相似文献
4.
In the present paper, the analysis of a strip footing resting on a layered soil system has been carried out considering the elastic moduli of soil layers as random variables. Three layers of soil have been considered and the analysis employs Monte Carlo simulation. The modulus of elasticity has been considered as random variable having lognormal distribution. Factors of safety with respect to settlement of footing and the interfacial stresses have been determined and have been related to the associated risk factor and coefficient of variation of the random variable. A detailed parametric study revealed that for a given risk level, the factors of safety is strongly dependent on the coefficient of variation of elastic modulus and only mildly upon other parameters of the soil?Cfoundation system. This facilitated the development of closed form equations for the upper bounds on factors of safety only in terms of allowable risk of failure and the coefficient of variation of elastic modulus. 相似文献
5.
基于多孔介质理论的地基土变形模量估算方法 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
土的变形模量是基础沉降弹性分析理论所必需的基本参数,而目前我国的岩土工程勘察报告一般并不提供土的变形模量。通过对前人研究结果的总结分析,基于多孔介质理论,并考虑土的泊松比、孔隙比及土体扰动等影响因素,笔者提出了一种根据土的压缩模量估算变形模量的方法,对于应用弹性理论计算基础沉降和充分利用已有研究资料都具有实际的意义。 相似文献
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7.
随机分布贯穿裂隙岩体变形特性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
洞室开挖后,其周边通常会产生许多随机分布的贯穿裂隙,直接影响洞室围岩稳定,研究随机分布贯穿裂隙岩体的变形及变形特性具有重要意义。基于线弹性理论和线性刚度理论计算岩石和裂隙的位移,用概率的方法建立了随机分布贯穿裂隙岩体变形的计算模型,给出了随机分布贯穿裂隙岩体的等效弹性模量和等效泊松比,研究了岩石和裂隙的材料参数和几何参数对岩体等效弹性模量和等效泊松比的影响。可得如下结论：等效弹性模量和等效泊松比随着岩石弹性模量的增大而增大;等效泊松比随着岩石泊松比的增大而增大;等效弹性模量和等效泊松比随着裂隙法向刚度的增大而增大;随着剪切刚度的增大,等效弹性模量逐渐增大,而等效泊松比则逐渐减少;随着裂隙平均间距的增大,等效弹性模量逐渐减小,等效泊松比在平均倾斜角较小时逐渐增大,在平均倾斜角较大时逐渐减小;随着裂隙平均倾斜角的增大,等效弹性模量先减小后增大,而等效泊松比先增大后减小。模型能较全面地考虑构成岩体的岩石和裂隙的材料参数与几何参数对岩体变形的影响,其结果对研究洞室围岩的变形和工程设计有一定的参考价值。 相似文献
8.
采用ABAQUS有限元软件,通过有限元数值模拟的方法分析了路堤荷载作用下桩-网复合地基中土工合成材料刚度、垫层厚度、桩体模量以及桩间距对复合地基的荷载传递特性、桩-土应力比、路基的表面沉降及侧向位移的影响。总结、分析计算结果,获得了桩-网复合地基承载及变形的一些基本特性,如：增加土工合成材料刚度,可显著地减小桩-土差异沉降和路基侧向位移,并增加桩-土应力比;增加垫层厚度,可明地改善桩-土荷载分担比和桩-土应力比等力学性状。这些结果对桩-网复合地基的设计与施工具有一定的指导意义。 相似文献
9.
为了进一步了解我国北方新生代玄武岩地下水的赋存规律和形成演化机理,以河北省张北县玄武岩地下水为研究对象,在野外采集地下水样、测定水化学和同位素组成的基础上,利用统计分析、离子比例系数、氢氧同位素、反向地球化学模拟等方法,对区内玄武岩地下水的水化学形成机制进行了研究。结果表明：沿地下水径流方向,研究区内玄武岩地下水中多数离子质量浓度呈现增大趋势,补给区的地下水化学类型以HCO3Ca·Mg为主,TDS质量浓度多小于500 mg/L,排泄区地下水中阴离子以Cl-和SO2-4为主,阳离子以Na+为主,TDS质量浓度多大于1 400 mg/L;研究区地下水补给来源为当地大气降水;硅铝酸盐、岩盐、硫酸盐的风化溶解是地下水中离子的主要来源;溶滤作用、阳离子交替吸附作用和农业施肥等人类活动影响是控制地下水化学形成的主要作用。 相似文献
10.
In pavement evaluation using non-destructive testing (NDT), a large amount of deflection bowls are analysed in terms of the elastic moduli of the layers. The results are used to evaluate the material variability, which could serve in an overlay design procedure based on the concept of reliability. The model currently used for interpreting deflection bowls is based on the random variable theory which neglects the spatial distribution of the elastic modulus of the material. Since the subgrade and pavement materials have a spatial distribution, the analysis of NDT could lead to an underestimate of the material variability. The random field theory, which is more adequate than the random variable theory, is presented and used to correct the NDT analysis. The pavement is modelled as a multilayer random elastic medium with, for each layer, a constant Poisson's ratio and a random shear modulus characterized by three statistical moments: average value, standard deviation and autocorrelation function. The stochastic integral formulation presented in the previous publications is generalized here for a multilayer system. The multilayer system is analysed with the random field theory and the covariance matrix of the deflection bowl is obtained and used to generate deflection bowls corresponding to the properties of the random field. These bowls are then interpreted with the current procedure and elastic modulus variabilities are computed. It is found that the current procedure for interpreting deflection bowls underestimates the variability of the subgrade, by a factor of 0.4–1.0. It is interesting to note that the average moduli of the Boussinesq layer and of the two layers are not affected by the type of theory used. The variability of the upper layer in the two-layer system is also unaffected for a small variation range. 相似文献
11.
Reliability with respect to settlement limit-states of shallow foundations on linearly-deformable subsoil 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A step by step procedure for applying the response surface and SORM methods in estimating the reliability index associated with exceeding a certain allowable settlement level by a shallow foundation is presented in this paper. Two random variables, the Young modulus and Poisson's ratio, of lognormal and beta distribution respectively, in a single soil layer are taken into account. A linearly-deformable model of soil is assumed which is most frequently used in engineering practice when the serviceability limit state is considered. The main problem encountered in using the response surface methodology was the existence of false design points that prevented coordinate calculations of the real ones. Two procedures were employed. The first one consisted of widening the area covered by the response surface (polynomial of the second degree) with an additional “oedometric” term. Inserting the oedometric term improves the quality of the fitting and enables one to extend the range of approximation. The latter added a barrier to prevent the procedure from moving into the false design point region. Moreover, the paper presents the effect of random variation of the Young modulus E and Poisson's ratio ν as well as their mutual correlation, on the reliability index associated with exceeding the assumed level of a shallow foundation settlement. 相似文献
12.
The uncertain settlement response of pile groups is determined using a ‘hybrid’ formulation and a first-order perturbation technique. The spatially varying soil modulus, which gives rise to the uncertainties in the pile group settlement, is modeled as a homogeneous random field. The random field is assumed to be one-dimensional since the ‘hybrid’ formulation does not account for horizontal variation in the soil properties. Using the proposed method, the coefficient of variation of the pile group settlement is computed. The single-pile solutions obtained compare favorably with the solutions from a conventional stochastic finite element analysis. Pile groups of sizes ranging from two to twenty-five piles are studied. It is observed that the coefficient of variation is not significantly affected by the pile spacing as well as the group size. By defining an appropriate performance function, the reliability index of a pile group system is also found to be approximately the same as that of a single-pile system. These observations suggest that the solutions for a single pile may be used to estimate the uncertainties in the settlement response of pile groups. 相似文献
13.
土壤水力特性的空间变异是影响土壤中水分及溶质运移动态的主要因素.70年代以来国内外有关学者就土壤水力特性空间变异进行了大量的试验研究,通过对试验结果分析,得出了许多可供参考的结论,如水力特性空间变异尺度随研究区域尺度的增大而增大,且两者呈一定的比例关系,大多数水力特性遵从对数正态和正态分布,这些结论对于研究区域溶质(污染物)的迁移动态以及区域水盐动态预报十分重要的参考价值. 相似文献
14.
基于围岩力学参数概率分布模型的变形敏感性灰关联分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了给布伦口-公格尔水电站地下洞室某标段围岩稳定性分析的参数选取提供可靠的理论依据,综合考虑岩体参数的空间变异性,针对常规敏感性分析方法所存在的不足,运用三维离散元计算程序,提出了基于围岩力学参数概率分布模型的变形敏感性灰关联分析方法。该方法以岩体密度?、弹性模量E、泊松比?、黏聚力c、内摩擦角φ及节理内摩擦角φj等6个围岩力学参数作为因素序列,拱顶下沉量作为目标序列,分析影响因素在整个定义区间内的变化对围岩拱顶下沉的敏感程度。结果表明：密度是最敏感因素,其次是弹性模量、黏聚力和泊松比,而内摩擦角以及节理内摩擦角敏感性最小。最后,将常规灰关联敏感性分析与该方法计算结果进行对比,结果表明：除密度、内摩擦角和节理内摩擦角一致外,其余参数敏感性均与结论不一致。因此,文中方法在考虑实际参数概率分布的基础上能够更加准确、合理地对参数进行综合评价。 相似文献
15.
In this paper, a probabilistic study of a one-dimensional soil consolidation problem has been carried out. The Collocation-based Stochastic Response Surface Method (CSRSM) was employed for the probabilistic analysis. The Young modulus E, the Poisson ratio ν, the hydraulic conductivity k h and the uniform surcharge loading q applied at the ground surface were considered as random variables. The probabilistic system responses considered in the analysis were the surface settlement and the consolidation time. Numerical simulations that make use of Biot theory were used for the computation of these system responses. A global sensitivity analysis based on Sobol indices was performed to identify the random variables that have the most contribution in the variability of the system responses. Also, a parametric study was undertaken to investigate the effect of the input geotechnical parameters and the statistical parameters of the random variables on the probability distribution functions of the system responses. 相似文献
16.
受工程勘察成本及试验场地限制,可获得的试验数据通常有限,基于有限的试验数据难以准确估计岩土参数统计特征和边坡可靠度。贝叶斯方法可以融合有限的场地信息降低对岩土参数不确定性的估计进而提高边坡可靠度水平。但是,目前的贝叶斯更新研究大多假定参数先验概率分布为正态、对数正态和均匀分布,似然函数为多维正态分布,这种做法的合理性有待进一步验证。总结了岩土工程贝叶斯分析常用的参数先验概率分布及似然函数模型,以一个不排水黏土边坡为例,采用自适应贝叶斯更新方法系统探讨了参数先验概率分布和似然函数对空间变异边坡参数后验概率分布推断及可靠度更新的影响。计算结果表明：参数先验概率分布对空间变异边坡参数后验概率分布推断及可靠度更新均有一定的影响,选用对数正态和极值I型分布作为先验概率分布推断的参数后验概率分布离散性较小。选用Beta分布和极值I型分布获得的边坡可靠度计算结果分别偏于保守和危险,选用对数正态分布获得的边坡可靠度计算结果居中。相比之下,似然函数的影响更加显著。与其他类型似然函数相比,由多维联合正态分布构建的似然函数可在降低对岩土参数不确定性估计的同时,获得与场地信息更为吻合的计算结果。另外,构建似然函数时不同位置处测量误差之间的自相关性对边坡后验失效概率也具有一定的影响。 相似文献
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利用安装在共振柱测试系统中的弯曲-伸展元,开展了干砂中P波（压缩波）和S波（剪切波）的室内试验,详细地分析了干砂中P波和S波的信号特征,研究了输入频率、土体密实度和有效围压对输出信号的影响。对比各种信号分析方法,并参考共振柱试验结果确定了S波的传播时间。根据实测波速和波动理论,确定了土体的弹性参数,包括剪切模量,侧限模量和泊松比。研究结果表明,P波和S波的输出信号频率在一定程度上随输入信号频率、土体密实度和有效围压的增加而增加,且P波信号比S波信号更容易确定波的传播时间;土体的弹性模量随土体密实度和有效围压的增加而增加,但剪切模量增长比侧限模量快;土体的泊松比并非一个常数,随着土体密实度和有效围压的增加而下降。初步探讨了利用剪切模量估算泊松比,以方便实际工程应用。 相似文献
18.
Stochastic analysis of free surface flow through earth dams 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This research investigated the unconfined flow through dams. The hydraulic conductivity was modeled as spatially random field following lognormal distribution. Results showed that the seepage flow produced from the stochastic solution was smaller than its deterministic value. In addition, the free surface was observed to exit at a point lower than that obtained from the deterministic solution. When the hydraulic conductivity was strongly correlated in the horizontal direction than the vertical direction, the flow through the dam has markedly increased. It is suggested that it may not be necessary to construct a core in dams made from soils that exhibit high degree of variability. 相似文献
19.
Geometric parameters and REV of a crack network in soil 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Cracks are common in natural and engineered soils and provide preferential pathways for water infiltration into the soil. Statistical properties of crack geometries are important inputs for analyzing preferential flows in discrete random crack networks. This paper reports the outcome of a field study conducted on a compacted, cracked soil ground at a steady moisture condition. The objectives of the field study were to investigate the crack patterns and probability distributions of the geometric parameters of cracks and to determine the representative elementary volume (REV) of the crack network. The desiccation cracks at the survey site formed an inter-connected columnar structure. The traces of the cracks on the soil surface formed a primary structure consisting of inter-connected crack polygons and a secondary structure comprising of isolated cracks. The locations and orientations of the desiccation cracks followed a uniform distribution, differing from the distribution of fracture sets often observed in fractured rocks. The lengths and apertures of the cracks followed a lognormal distribution as expected. The REV size for the cracked soil was found to be approximately five times the mean crack length, above which the variation in crack porosity in relation to domain size was negligible. 相似文献