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1.
The impacts of extreme weather events and climate variability on natural resource dependent farmers will further increase their vulnerability. This study describes how Adi farmers in Arunachal Pradesh (India) perceive and adapt to climate variability, and how this is influenced by gender and wealth. A total of 65 male and 71 female Adi farmers were interviewed or participated in focus group discussions. Both men and women have noticed there are fewer rainy days, longer summers, shorter winters and more erratic rainfall. However, some perceptions of change were gender and/or wealth class specific. Adi women noticed changes across areas they control including collecting forest foods, crop harvesting, and fermenting and storing of food. Men noted climate variability had made hunting wild game and marketing agricultural produce more difficult. Wealthy people were better placed to adapt to climate variability than poorer people because they could intensify their production systems. They switched to rainfed maize with improved varieties and horticultural cash crops which need more costly inputs. Wealthy people, particularly men, also received more advice and training than poorer people. Poorer farmers, particularly poor women, adapted predominantly by diversifying activities, such as using drought tolerant oil seeds and subsistence horticultural crops, accessing forest-based resources, rearing pigs and poultry, increasing fishing and the making of handicrafts. Storage, exchange and pooling of local resources were further strategies of the poor. This deeper understanding of Adi livelihood adaptation strategies will help increase their resilience by improving targeting of location specific extension services and adaptation policies. 相似文献
2.
人地关系是透视中国城镇化进路的重要视角。论文在历史向度上分析了城镇化进程中人地关系转型的发展脉络和基本逻辑,认为中国人地关系经历了在地化、去地化和再地化3个阶段。在地化阶段,农本立国的经济形态决定了人们对乡土的经济依附和情感依恋,人地关系的在地化逻辑难以动摇;去地化阶段,中国的工业化、城镇化转型推动农民离土出乡,人不离土的价值观束缚发生了结构性松动,在土地与户籍制度的影响下,被动失地的农民与主动离地的农民共同主导了人地关系的去地化过程;再地化阶段,制度变革引领农民真正成为城镇化的主体,乡愁推动城乡文明走向共生,二者助推中国人地关系重塑。对人地关系变迁的历史脉络和基本逻辑的梳理,可以为适应新时代的人地关系的制度调节和新型城镇化道路的顺利实践提供理论借鉴。 相似文献
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新型职业农民对城市郊区耕地利用“大棚化”转型的影响——以南京市为例 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
随着中国农业商品化转型的不断发展,传统露天种植模式逐渐被取代,城市郊区大棚面积迅速扩张,出现较为普遍的耕地利用“大棚化”转型。与此相随,耕作者也由传统“自给自足”型农民为主逐步转变为面向市场的“新型职业农民”。然而,到目前为止,少有研究分析新型职业农民在城市郊区耕地利用“大棚化”转型中扮演的角色。论文以南京市为例,基于2018年郊区291份农户问卷调查的一手数据,构建Logistic回归模型,研究微观尺度下新型职业农民对大棚化转型的影响。结果表明：① 新型职业农民是影响郊区耕地利用大棚化转型的根本因素,其中外来职业农民大棚化种植的可能性是其他类型农民的4.7倍左右;② 新型职业农民的务农年数和经营规模对大棚化转型具有显著的正向作用,其年龄对大棚化转型的作用方向相反;③ 对研究区所有农民而言,销售占比和单位面积耕地农业年度纯利润对大棚化转型具有显著正向作用。此外,相较于坡地和梯田,平地更加有利于农民大棚化种植。 相似文献
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In the former coloured rural reserves of Namaqualand, land is held under an evolving form of communal tenure. This study, using in-depth interviews with both women farmers and non-farmers in Namaqualand, explores women's attitudes towards land and their experience of agriculture. It finds that women gain access to land for residential and production purposes mainly through dependent relationships with husbands, fathers and sons, and that unmarried women find it virtually impossible to obtain land rights in their own name. In the event of divorce or widowhood, women are vulnerable to loss of land rights and other resources. Women were found to engage in a range of agricultural activities, both on land allocated for their own use and on land controlled by male relatives, while a few better-off women engage in independent livestock farming. While the South African government's land reform programme has extended the area of communal land and attempted to secure the rights of existing land holders, this has largely benefited existing male farmers and appears to offer little to women farmers. Women's attitudes to the patriarchal system of land holding were found to be largely conservative. Few are willing to challenge the highly gendered nature of land rights within families, and women generally feel excluded from public processes around land. Nonetheless, women in the study expressed a demand for more secure access to land and an interest in agriculture as part of wider livelihood strategies. 相似文献
5.
Yayoi Fujita Lagerqvist 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2013,34(1):57-69
Muang Sing in Luang Namtha province, an administrative district of northern Laos bordering Myanmar and China, has been portrayed by the Lao government and international development agencies as a ‘poor’ rural region in need of development. To developers, Muang Sing's remoteness from major towns and the livelihoods of ethnic people such as the Akha in the uplands based on swidden agriculture and opium production characterized ‘poverty’. To address this rural poverty, state and development agencies devised land use zoning that would demarcate and regulate various land uses in line with a rural development plan for the district. This vision for regulated development began to go awry, however, as farmers and traders in Muang Sing launched their own rapid social and economic changes. In contrast to the official image of a backward rural district in need of outside assistance, this paper portrays farmers and local entrepreneurs of the Muang Sing borderlands as actively transforming their lives and agricultural landscapes. This paper challenges the official version of a remote, poor district untouched by regional trade through a focus on narratives of local people. Ethnographic research reveals the dynamic micro‐processes of agrarian transformation during recent decades to highlight the centrality of borderland people in reworking their lives and agricultural landscapes through cross‐border relationships in China. 相似文献
6.
In the early 1980s, to control soil and water loss in the rainy season and problems of water shortages in the dry season in the red soil hilly region of central Jiangxi, the academician team of Li Wenhua from Qianyanzhou Station of the Chinese Academy of Sciences proposed a comprehensive muti-dimensional agriculture development mode known as the “Qianyanzhou Mode”. Since then, models for the forest-livestock-food ecosystem, forest-fruit-economy ecosystem, and land-water compound muti-dimensional system and others have been tested, demonstrated, promoted and used to solve major issues in ecological restoration and agricultural production. With the dawn of the new era, the Qianyanzhou Mode is being given new connotations. In order to reduce the use of pesticides and eliminate the use of antibiotics for improving the quality of agricultural products, increasing farmers' income, and assisting in strategies for rural vitalization, Qianyanzhou Station is currently focusing on the development of experiments and demonstrations of green agricultural development modes, such as forest-fruit-fowl, hybrid paper mulberry-pig-fruit, grass-sheep(cattle)-fertilizer-fruit, hybrid paper mulberry-fish-goose, paddy-shrimp, and others. The goal of this new effort is to apply the wisdom of Qianyanzhou to the construction of the ecological civilization, including ecological environment protection and the prosperity of farmers in the old revolutionary base areas in central Jiangxi Province. 相似文献
7.
ELIZABETH KTEATHER 《New Zealand geographer》1996,52(2):35-45
Evidence from questionnaires completed by members of five rural women's organisations in 1994 and 1995 (three traditional and two younger organisations) clarifies the motives women have, and the identities they assume, in joining these organisations. The older organisations attract women who wish to make a commitment to their community but newer organisations attract women who see themselves as farmers, or as employees and professionals in the agricultural industry. This represents a major shift in gender dimensions of rurality that has taken place during the last twenty years or so. It indicates a ‘mobilisation’ of rural and farm women who seek to participate fully - in their productive role and in the public sphere - in the attempt to maintain the viability of family farms and rural communities. The role that organisations for men and women play in constituting the meaning of gender is discussed. 相似文献
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Current enthusiasm for the potential of sustainable agricultural development must be based on a realistic assessment of the dynamics used by specific farming sectors. This study highlights the structural limitations that impede agricultural progress and explains why it is necessary to overcome these impediments in a case study of Brazil, one of the world's main agricultural exporters. In Brazil, the commodity-exporter large-farmers production chain is largely controlled by multinational corporations, with the investment of national capital a mere 12.4% in the technology-intensive sectors of the soy business (composed of seed production, fertilizers, pesticides, machinery, trading companies). The agricultural sector's future depends on increasing the share of national capital into domestic businesses and confronting the current and simplistic strategy of expansion into new agricultural frontiers, which often have high social and environmental costs. The future of family farmers depends on comprehensive development alternatives and challenging the current policies, since current development has been restricted to the 17.9% of family farmers who have access to rural credit, whom are mostly based in the Southern region of Brazil. 相似文献
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10.
Jaclyn Wypler 《社会与自然资源》2019,32(8):947-964
Heteropatriarchy underpins contemporary U.S. agriculture, even within the alternative sector. This paper builds on the legacies of women farmers and farmers of color creating peer networks to circumvent heteropatriarchal hurdles by investigating how lesbian, bisexual, trans, and queer (LBTQ) sustainable farmers access human resources. If and how did the farmers encounter or resist heteropatriarchy in this process? Drawing on four years of ethnographic research with 40 LBTQ Midwest sustainable farmers, I argue that resources through government agencies, neighborhood farmers, and like-minded practitioners did not necessarily align with LBTQ farmers’ sustainable practices or queer identities. LBTQ farmers convened with others at the intersections of their queerness and sustainable practices formally, informally, and through the labor market to access human resources removed from heteropatriarchal domination. I conclude that LBTQ farmer networks bolster human resources in sustainable agriculture and conservation practices. 相似文献
11.
Carlos Alberto Tello 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2017,8(6):628-634
Current inner-city1 depopulation coupled with significant peripheral expansions disrupting nature, are the rule in many of the world’s large cities such as Montreal. Expansion needs to be balanced from the inner-city attraction perspective. To deal with that objective and following an inductive process in the scientific method, two field surveys were implemented in one of Montreal’s inner-city most popular neighbourhoods (Sainte-Marie) for measuring its current attraction power. Results expose that current local residential housing/services improvement in terms of their medium to high needs/impedances2 linear correlations to achieve it discourage people to continue living in Sainte-Marie on a “free will” basis. This report concludes that limiting city expansion at least through this inner-city neighbourhood’s attraction level is still very much a myth. 相似文献
12.
Gloria J. Leckie 《The Professional geographer》1993,45(2):180-193
The discussion of agricultural restructuring has often failed to include farm women, particularly those who own and operate their own enterprises. Accordingly, this research presents an overview of Canadian female farm operators, who are a growing component of the farm operator population. Using previously untabulated data from the 1971, 1981, and 1986 censuses of agriculture and population, the study draws comparisons to male farmers in Canada and female farmers in the United States. The census data show that the socioeconomic and farming profile of Canadian female farmers differs from that of their male colleagues, and that the differences in certain key characteristics (such as farm size, sales, and commodity type) are becoming more noticeable over time. This raises questions about whether female operators are in danger of becoming marginalized from mainstream production, and whether their needs as a minority group among agricultural producers are being recognized. 相似文献
13.
欠发达农区经济发展中的农户行为 以豫西山地丘陵区为例 总被引：43，自引：1，他引：43
根据对河南西部山地丘陵区10个县（市）332家农户的调查分析，欠发达农区制约区域发展的农户行为包括：（1）农户生产经营信息来源具奶大局限性；（2）农户收入严重依赖自然条件；（3）条件剩余劳动力转移存在着意识障碍，农民对非农业参与意识不强；（4）农户贷款积极性不高且贷款多为维持日常生活需要；（5）农户更加期望用新增加的收入改变家庭生活状况，而不是发展生产。进一步的量化模型分析，揭示了农户收入在山区，丘陵和平原环境下受相关变量影响程度的差异，以及自给性与商品性生产不同比例农户在区域发展中的作用。文章讨论了从农户行为角度研究发展问题，并基于对农户行为的分析，对研究区域的经济发展思路提出相关建议。 相似文献
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Farmers’ livelihoods and their impacts on the ecosystem are important indicators of human-land relationships. Appropriate livelihood strategies for farmers can meet the needs of human well-being and promote the sustainable use of natural resources, thereby maintaining the health and stability of natural ecosystems. Scholars have carried out a great deal of research on the changes in farmers’ livelihoods, as well as the driving mechanisms and ecological effects, but there are still many controversial issues about the ecological effects of farmers’ livelihood transformation. On the basis of collecting and sorting out the relevant literature, this paper analyzes the previous research results on the transformation mechanism and ecological effects of farmers’ livelihoods, and further explores the coupling relationship. Through the analysis and summary, we find that the choice of farmers’ livelihoods is affected by natural factors, subjective willingness and social policies. The transformation of farmers’ livelihood changes the ways of production, consumption and resource utilization, which in turn profoundly affects the evolutionary process of the natural ecosystems. This paper establishes a research framework for the livelihood transformation mechanism of farmers and its ecological effect, and finally summarizes two directions that need to be studied further in the future: (1) Exploring the interactions between the driving factors of farmers’ livelihood transformation; and (2) Exploring a win-win sustainable mechanism for farmers’ livelihood needs and natural resource utilization. 相似文献
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基于Logistic-ISM模型的农户采用新技术影响因素——以甘肃省定西市马铃薯种植技术为例 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
利用Logistic 回归模型和ISM 解释结构模型,基于575 份调查问卷数据,分析定西市马铃薯技术扩散过程中,影响农户采用行为的显著因素,探讨各个因素之间的层次关系。结果表明：① 农户采用马铃薯种植新技术主要受到农户自身变量、行为认知变量、生产经营变量、资源禀赋变量和环境特征变量五大类特征变量的影响;②Logistic 回归分析表明,农户的文化程度、家庭结构、专业化程度、组织程度、对科技园区的认知、对新技术的认知、农业收入、气候生产力、地形、公路级别和区位为农户采用马铃薯新技术时的显著影响因素;③ ISM解释结构模型表明,定西市农户采用马铃薯种植新技术过程中,受到众多因素的显著影响。其中专业化程度、农业收入、公路级别、气候生产力、地形和区位为表层因素,农户对科技园区的认知、对新技术的认知为中层间接因素,农户的文化程度、组织程度和家庭结构为深层根源因素。基于以上结论,笔者认为应加大订单农业的发展力度,重构扩散模式,采用“企业牵头、政府扶持、农户参与”的环形扩散模式,可以有效提高农户采用新技术的积极性,对提高农业技术扩散效率具有重要意义。 相似文献
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太湖流域的水环境质量呈现严重恶化趋势,农业污染物的排放是太湖流域水体环境恶化的主要原因之一。农业污染物主要来源于种植业、畜禽养殖业和水产养殖业的生产过程,不同于以往分开论述三者对水环境的影响,本文基于全国第一次污染普查数据,运用污染足迹模型定量分析了湖州市农业面源(种植业、畜禽养殖业和水产养殖业)对水环境的影响。研究结果表明:(1)农业生产产生的污染物对水环境的影响排序为:磷>氮>有机物;(2)各农业生产类型对水环境的影响排序为:水产养殖业>种植业>畜禽养殖业;(3)湖州市各区县对水环境的影响也存在着明显的空间差异。通过对湖州市农业污染足迹评估,可以明确地提出哪种污染物类型、农业生产类型和区域是湖州市农业面源污染治理的重点。研究结果可以为太湖流域农业的可持续发展和水资源的可持续利用提供一定的参考价值。 相似文献
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China’s tourism industry has witnessed rapid progress in recent years, and is now an important part of global tourism in dealing with climate change. Within a framework of Pressure-State-Response (PSR), this paper focuses on the emission reduction pressure, carbon emission status, and responses of stakeholders in China’s tourism industry. Findings include: 1) The central government’s strategy and rapid growth of the industry scale exert rising pressure on China’s tourism to reduce carbon emissions. 2) Carbon emissions of China's tourism account for 13%-14.6% of global tourism, and about 3% of China’s emissions overall. Chinese tourists’ per capita carbon emission is lower than half of the global level. 3) The Chinese government attaches great importance to energy-saving and carbon emission reduction. In the tourism industry, documents, standards and other regulative measures have been issued to ensure that business practitioners set up green operational and managerial systems. In the field of tourism transportation, China's high-speed rail, new energy vehicles, and urban shared bicycles, have developed very rapidly in recent years, and they have effectively reduced the carbon emissions in traveling. Furthermore, this paper finds that Chinese tourists already have awareness and willingness for low-carbon tourism. 相似文献
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面对严峻的农业面源污染问题,环境友好型农业技术的推广和落地对于中国实现乡村生态振兴和农业农村现代化具有重要意义。但现实中,该类型技术在乡村地区一直面临推广难,采纳度低的问题。以往众多研究证明,社会网络是技术扩散的有效途径和支撑。基于此,本文从社会网络的视角构建了农业技术创新扩散的理论框架,通过2016—2020年广东省农业面源污染治理的实践调研及10个县市3015份问卷数据的定量分析,总结出环境友好型农业技术扩散的四个阶段：① 初始阶段：农户间简单离散的技术互动。② 单核阶段：精英农户的点式嵌入与拟亲缘网络扩散。③ 多核阶段：多个精英农户形成与业缘关系网络扩散。④ 高水平互动阶段：农业经济组织的形成与功能性网络扩散。个体资源禀赋、技术有效性及感知度、技术传播方式和外部环境作为技术扩散的四个主要影响因素,在不同的阶段发挥着不同的作用。本研究成果有助于理解中国农业技术扩散的实践逻辑和底层机制,对同类技术推广有重要的政策意义。 相似文献
20.
Women in the US have farmed for centuries, but have infrequently had the farmer title. Rural sociologists have explored women’s on-farm roles, as well as rural conceptualizations of gender that influence who can be a farmer. As the proportion of women claiming the farmer title increases, it is important to explore women farmers’ experiences. This article focuses on sixteen farmers in Colorado across the conventional-alternative spectrum. Through engagement with feminist and rural sociological theory, and based on analysis of semi-structured interviews, we contend that women in this study expand what it means to be a farmer by performing femininity through carework within their farming practice. This study demonstrates how some women farmers adapt a variety of predominantly feminine-coded work—such as education, customer support, and feeding work—to make agriculture a space of carework, and farming a role expanded beyond a masculine ideal. 相似文献