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1.
影响高新技术企业分布的因素往往具有空间非平稳性,然而既有研究对其关注尚少。基于2017—2019年间认定的215791家高新技术企业数据,运用多尺度地理加权回归模型（MGWR）,刻画了中国高新技术企业的空间分布格局,识别了其影响因素的空间异质性与尺度效应,结果表明：① 2019年中国高新技术企业的空间分布呈现出在以“北上广深”为首位中心,以成渝与区域性中心城市为次位中心的高度集聚特征。② 企业内部因素、城市知识创造水平、技术创新水平、创新环境水平和外部连通水平共同影响了高新技术企业的空间分布。③ 影响高新技术企业分布的因素存在空间异质性,公司年龄、高校学生数量、互联网的影响呈现出“东-西”向空间分异格局,专利申请数、高新区、生活设施的正向影响呈现出“南-北”向空间分异格局,高铁的正向影响呈现出“东南-西北”向空间分异格局,研发费用投入对东北地区影响最大,市场化水平对京津冀和珠三角城市群地区影响最大。④ 影响因素存在尺度效应,靠近创新末端的变量具有更大的作用空间尺度。最后,本研究提出相关的政策建议,以期为高新技术产业的发展提供借鉴与参考。 相似文献
2.
Chuanglin FANG 《地理学报(英文版)》2015,25(8):1003-1024
Urban agglomerations are an inevitable outcome of China’s new national industrialization and urbanization reaching relatively advanced stages of development over the past 30 years. In the early 2000s, urban agglomerations became new geographical units for participating in global competition and the international division of labor, and China has spent the past decade promoting them as the main spaces for pushing forward its new form of urbanization. The convening of the first Central Work Conference on Urbanization and the National New-type Urbanization Plan (2014-2020) further defined the status of urban agglomerations as the main players in promoting China’s new type of national urbanization. Nevertheless, urban agglomerations remain a weak link in Chinese academia and are in urgent need of study. Only 19 articles on the theme of urban agglomerations were published in the journal Acta Geographica Sinica between 1934 and 2013, accounting for only 0.55% of all articles written during that period. Not only are there very few, they have also all been published within a relatively short period of time, with the first having been published only 10 years ago. The studies are also concentrated among only a few authors and institutions, and research is aimed at national requirements but is rather divergent. Even so, some studies on urban agglomerations have played a leading role and made important contributions to dictating the overall formation of urban agglomerations nationwide. Specifically, a proposed spatial pattern for urban agglomerations formed the basic framework for the spatial structure of China’s urban agglomerations and guided the government to make urban agglomerations the main urban pattern when promoting the new type of urbanization; proposed standards and technologies for identifying the spatial dimensions of urban agglomerations played an important role in defining the scope of national urban agglomerations; a series of studies in the area of urban agglomerations spurred more in-depth and practical studies in the field; and studies on issues related to the formation and growth of urban agglomerations provided warnings on the future selection and development of urban agglomerations. Taking the progress and results of these studies as a foundation, the foci of selecting and developing urban agglomerations in China are as follows: to be problem-oriented and profoundly reflect on and review new problems exposed in the selection and development of urban agglomerations; to concentrate on urban agglomerations and lay importance on the formation of a new “5+9+6” spatial structure for China’s urban agglomerations; to rely on urban agglomerations and promote the formation of a new pattern of national urbanization along the main axes highlighted by urban agglomerations; to be guided by national strategic demand and continue to deepen understanding of major scientific issues in the course of the formation and development of urban agglomerations, including studying the resource and environmental effects of high-density urban agglomerations, scientifically examining resource and environmental carrying capacities of high-density urban agglomerations, creating new management systems and government coordination mechanisms for the formation and development of urban agglomerations, studying the establishment of public finance systems and public finance reserve mechanisms for urban agglomerations, and studying and formulating technical specifications for urban agglomeration planning and standards for delineating urban agglomeration boundaries. 相似文献
3.
Regional ecotourism cooperation provides an institutional guarantee that brings together ecological resources development, protection of natural ecologies and regional economic growth, and also is one of the keys to improve the level of China’s ecotourism development. China’s administrative regions are divided by large areas of natural geography, such as vast tracts of land, mountainous areas and bodies of water. Given the structure of China’s administrative system, administrative areas make independent and uncoordinated decisions concerning the use of ecological resources, resulting in low-level ecotourism products and redundant construction projects undertaken by local governments, limiting the further improvement of China's ecotourism level. Therefore, it is necessary to construct a spatial system and a model of regional ecotourism cooperation in line with China's national conditions. This paper adopts an inductive deductive method analyze systematically the connotations and obstacles of China’s regional ecotourism cooperation, and proposes space development and cooperative model. Research shows that the inescapable choice is cross-regional ecotourism cooperation based on natural zonality, cultural similarity, coordinated regional economic development and policy integration. The key existing obstacles include administrative barriers, lack of motivation to cooperate and loose cooperation patterns. Future regional ecotourism cooperation should define the thematic function area, cooperation zones, scenic roads and ecotourist routes, to establish the cross-regional integration development system and realize systematic optimization. This study is of theoretical value for the development of regional ecotourism cooperation and the construction of spatial systems in China. 相似文献
4.
引入天然气资源流动优势度概念,对2000-2012年中国天然气资源流动输流地与汇流地优势度进行测算,并对其时空演变及影响因素进行研究,研究表明：① 输流地、汇流地的数量及优势度随时间不断变化,表现出显著的地域差异性。② 输流地优势度集聚性先降低后升高,热点区在西北部区域,空间上表现出向东南—西北方向分布,最后呈现出接近南北方向偏移;汇流地优势度空间上总体上呈现出增加的趋势,热点区在东部区域,空间分布呈现出由西北向东南移动趋势。③ 天然气资源流通条件及产量是输流地优势度空间格局变化主要影响因素;汇流地天然气资源消费、天然气工业及流通条件是汇流地优势度重心空间格局的主要影响因素,并且程度逐渐加强。 相似文献
5.
选取1989~2015年地级市国家级经济技术开发区数量及主导产业面板数据,运用探索性空间数据分析（ESDA）技术,探讨国家级经济技术开发区及其产业空间格局演化特征。研究发现：① 国家级经济技术开发区整体经历探索阶段、推广阶段、完善阶段和升级阶段等4个阶段;空间格局演化体现出“点轴结构、T型结构、π型结构和网状结构”4种空间形态;空间扩散方式有“点-线-面”扩散、梯度扩散、等级扩散、邻近扩散、集聚扩散和升级扩散6种扩散模式;空间相关性整体呈波动起伏且逐渐上升态势,高-高集聚区从青岛-烟台逐渐演变为长三角、京津冀和福建沿海。② 五大主导产业集中稳定,装备制造始终处于集聚态势,其余4个主导产业呈“分散-集聚”态势;三大类型产业空间布局演化与上述空间格局演化态势基本一致,空间集聚性整体呈“N型”变化态势,技术密集型产业集聚特征最为明显。 相似文献
6.
天山北坡城镇化进程中的水土资源效益及其时空分异 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
通过空间分析的Global Moran''s I指数和Getis-Ord Gi*指数以及协调发展度函数选取1995年、2000年、2005年和2008年4个年份数据对天山北坡城镇化进程中的土地资源效益、水资源效益的集聚扩散状态及其冷热点空间格局演化与空间联动发展效应进行分析,研究发现:(1)天山北坡在绿洲自然地理格局下发育起来的城镇,受自然地理条件和水土资源分布特点及城镇发展水平不一、城镇性质各异而对水土资源利用程度不一等因素影响,其城镇化水平和水土资源效益的空间格局表现出不同的发展状态。(2)土地资源效益相似的县市具有明显的空间差异,呈现出分散的格局并保持相对稳定的态势。(3)水资源效益的空间集聚和扩散状态不稳定,变化显著。(4)水土资源效益在城镇化进程中各自的空间演化格局与路径迥异,区域联动效应差异显著。绿洲城镇发展的实际决定了水土资源效益的冷热点区域演化相比自身发展水平更具敏感性。 相似文献
7.
中国农业地理集聚格局演化及其机制 总被引：15，自引：1，他引：14
通过对1981～2008年12类农作物种植重心、基尼系数、空间自相关和专业化指数的计算,探讨了中国(不包括港、澳、台地区)种植业的空间集聚格局及演化路径,并从演化经济地理视角构建分析框架探讨其演化机制。结果显示:(1)中国种植业整体上空间集聚程度逐渐增大,区域专业化和多样化程度逐步加强。(2)与制造业地理集聚总体呈现"南下东进"不同,种植业地理集聚逐步"南下西进",从东部省份向中西部省份转移,东北地区的三江平原和松嫩平原也是重要的集聚地,而昔日鱼米之乡的优势已逐渐下降。(3)农业地理集聚格局的演变经历了由自然集聚向社会集聚进而形成完善的农业生产体系的过程,其中,自然集聚的作用日益减少,而社会集聚作用逐步增加。技术创新、制度创新等社会变异步伐的加快,也将进一步推进农业的地理集聚和空间重构。 相似文献
8.
《地理学报(英文版)》2019,(4)
Land-use efficiency is low for the urban agglomeration of China. High-speed transportation construction has been an important factor driving land use change. It is critically important to explore the spatial relationship between the high-speed transportation superiority degree and land-use efficiency. We built a model to evaluate the benefits of convenient high-speed transportation using the relative density of highways and the distance from high-speed rail stations and airports as a metric. We used 42 counties of the Shandong Peninsula urban agglomeration as an example. Land-use efficiency was calculated by a DEA model with capital, labor, economic benefits and environmental benefits as input and output factors. We examined the spatial relationships between high-speed transport superiority degree and land-use efficiency and obtained the following results. First, there are significant spatial differences in the relationships between the high-speed transportation superiority degree and land-use efficiency. Taking the two major cities of Jinan and Qingdao as the hubs, the core surrounding counties show significant spatial relationship between land-use efficiency and the high-speed transportation superiority degree. Spatial correlation declines as the distance from the hubs increases. Land-use efficiency is less than high-speed transportation convenience in areas along the transportation trunks that are distant from the hub cities. Correlation is low in areas that are away from both hub cities and transportation trunk routes. Second, high-speed transportation has a positive relationship with land-use efficiency due to the mechanism of element agglomeration exogenous growth. Third, high-speed transportation facilitates the flow of goods, services and technologies between core cities and peripheral cities as space spillover(the hub effect). This alters the spatial pattern of regional land-use efficiency. Finally, the short-board effect caused by decreased high-speed transport construction can be balanced by highway construction and the proper node layouts of high-speed rail stations and airports, resulting in a well-balanced spatial pattern of land-use efficiency. 相似文献
9.
我国石油资源空间流动的形成机制 总被引：7，自引：3，他引：4
石油资源流动是实现石油资源时空配置的过程。从对比21世纪初和20世纪末我国石油资源的空间流动格局入手,分析格局变化特征及其影响因素,在此新格局下,以互动模型(阿隆索模型)为基础,构建区域石油资源流动机制模型,并结合区域的对外交通区位度,将我国石油资源的输流机制划分为供给主导型和交通拉动型,汇流机制划分为交通拉动型和需求拉动型,交流机制划分为递接性交流和集散性交流等类型,并以石油流动形成机制为指导,建议将陕西培养成我国石油资源的东西交流中心,并强化广东省的南北交流职能,以期优化我国石油资源的流动配置水平。 相似文献
10.
中国城市群投入产出效率的综合测度与空间分异 总被引：28，自引：3，他引：25
中国城市群是中国未来经济发展格局中最具活力和潜力的核心地区,是中国主体功能区划中的重点开发区和优化开发区,在全国生产力布局格局中起着战略支撑点、增长极点和核心节点的作用。但城市群高密度的聚集导致高强度的相互作用,在拉动城市群高速度成长的同时,造成了高风险的生态环境威胁。如何客观评价城市群高密度集聚的效果?基于这一问题,本文从投入产出效率视角,构建城市群投入产出效率指标体系,采用CRS 模型、VRS 模型和Bootstrap-DEA 方法,综合测算了中国城市群投入产出效率、变化趋势及空间分异特征。结果表明,中国城市群投入产出效率总体较低且呈下降趋势,2002 年、2007 年中国城市群投入产出综合效率为0.853 和0.820,分别达到最优水平的85%和82%,平均综合效率下降了0.033;基于Bootstrap-DEA 纠偏后的中国城市群投入产出效率更低,但更可靠有效;城市群投入产出综合效率、纯技术效率和规模效率总体表现为东部高于中部,中部高于西部的区域空间格局,呈现出与中国东、中、西区域经济发展格局相似的特征;2002-2007 年中国城市群规模效率指数微弱上升,全要素生产率指数、综合效率指数、技术效率变化指数以及纯技术效率指数下降趋势显著。该研究旨在为评估我国城市群高密度集聚的效果提供定量的测算依据,进而为提高中国城市群的投入产出效率与空间集聚效率奠定科学的决策基础。 相似文献
11.
Further utilization of global agricultural resources and the expansion of potential international cooperation space are necessary measures to promote a new level of China’s national food security and optimize the structure of domestic food consumption. This study measured the global potential cultivated land area and national grain self-sufficiency. Based on the two-above measures, the authors made a classification of China’s foreign agricultural cooperation countries and depicted the spatial pattern of cooperation based on the grain trades of those countries with China. The grain exporters include Australia, North America, South America, Eastern Europe and Central Asia; and the target countries for “going abroad” of Chinese grain enterprises are mainly located in Sub-Saharan Africa and northern Latin America. This study proposes that China’s policy of cooperation on grain should be shifted to non-traditional partners alongside the “Belt and Road Initiative” region. Specifically, China could expand grain imports from Russia, Kazakhstan, Ukraine and other East European and Central Asian countries, and the direction for China’s agricultural enterprises “going abroad” should shift to Sub-Sahara Africa. 相似文献
12.
借助公路客流大数据,研究中国公路客运交通网络的空间分布格局与集聚机理,以系统解析区域城市网络“多中心、多层级、多节点”的层级体系与演化模式。研究显示,中国公路客运交通网络总体上呈现出区域性中心集聚分布格局,公路客运联系的距离衰减和地理邻近分布特征很好体现了地理学的空间相关性,公路客运联系的区域性空间集聚和层级叠套现象则是地理学空间异质性分布规律的表征。对中国公路客运交通网络进行省域尺度社区探测,出现类似省级行政区划的社区划分,更大区域尺度的社区探测则出现类似全国七大地理分区的空间划分,反映出公路客运交通联系的集聚特性是以各级中心城市为核心的区域性空间集聚分布。随着区域发展阶段和经济发展水平的提升,中国城市网络由西向东明显呈现出单中心到多中心、弱层级到多层级、少节点到多节点的渐进式空间演化过程。西北、东北、湖北、山西、江西、广西和云南等社区为“单中心、弱层级、少节点”的网络体系,广东、成渝和山东社区呈现“双中心、多层级、多节点”的网络结构,沪苏皖社区则发育出最为成熟的“多中心、多层级、多节点”城市网络体系。研究以空间换时间,将区域系统的城市网络演化过程划分为节点城市发育、地方中心增长、省... 相似文献
13.
Analyzing the spatial determinants of urban growth is helpful for urban planning and management. In a case study of urban agglomeration around Hangzhou Bay (China), four landscape metrics (total area, total edge, landscape shape index and aggregation index) were used to describe the landscape characteristics of the urban growth at two block scales (4 km and 7 km) during two temporal intervals (1994–2003 and 2003–2009). Spatial autocorrelation regression was employed to identify the geographic determinants of the urban landscape changes. The results indicated that the urban landscapes became more dominant, unstable, irregular and compact, especially in the centers of cities. These changes exhibited notable spatial variations and spatial autocorrelation at the two block scales. The distances to national and provincial roads influenced the urban pattern changes. The impacts of the urban centers on urban expansion gradually declined with the urbanization progress. The slope factor was the most influential determinant of urban growth. Our study emphasized the importance of considering the autocorrelation and scale effects when analyzing the determinants of urban growth. These findings may help land planners create policies and strategies for future urban development. 相似文献
14.
中国城市人口的空间集聚特征与规律分析 总被引：21，自引：4，他引：17
城市集聚增长日益显著以及城市间连接性的增强等是20 世纪90 年代以来中国城市发 展的显著特征。通过运用GIS 环境下的Moran's I 等技术方法, 探讨了1990-2005 年中国城市 人口的空间集聚特征及其演变规律, 结果表明： 尽管总体上城市人口的正空间集聚性不强, 但局部空间集聚特征明显, 存在较强的规律性, 主要表现为“T” 字型和沿主要铁路交通线 的发展态势, 而其演变过程体现了中国城市体系空间结构正处在不断优化之中; 三大地带城 市人口空间集聚的特征反差明显, 东部城市区域基本表现为一体化发展趋势, 而中西部城市 区域则趋向于极化发展或表现出较差的整体协调能力; 进一步来看, 城市人口空间集聚的不 平衡性, 不仅体现于区域之间也体现于区域内部的城市之间, 且其作用范围进一步扩大, 集 聚区位有所变化。总体来看, 这一典型转型时期里, 中国城市人口的空间集聚特征及其演变, 体现出了市场力量、经济发展状况、基础设施建设及国家空间开发政策等的积极作用。 相似文献
15.
作为要素流动的载体和空间重塑的主体,春运交通客流更能透视中国区域发展的新情况新问题。基于2017年春运期间交通客流数据,从整体网络、城际联系和城市节点维度对交通客流网络结构特征进行比较分析并综合识别城市地域交通类型。研究发现：① 与公路客流辐射范围和流量相比,铁路客流较大,航空客流较小;交通客流网络趋于发育为复杂网络;公路客流网络以邻省组合型城市组团为主,铁路客流网络主要为跨省组合型城市组团,航空客流网络均为“破碎”组合型城市组团。② 由短途为主的公路客流、中短途为主的铁路客流和中长途为主的航空客流分别构筑形成的区域空间结构具有显著的分化态势和极化现象,主要发生在“胡焕庸线”东南侧城市群内以及城市群之间。③ 在空间距离制约下,基于城市首位联系刻画而成的交通客流网络空间组织模式存在显著差异。公路客流形成5种区域空间组织模式,铁路客流形成多重组合的核心-边缘空间组织模式,而航空客流则形成多重组合的轴-辐空间组织运营模式。④ 城市地域交通类型分化显著,形成泾渭分明的“沉睡”区与“活跃”区,且中心城市和城市群成为集散客流的主要动力。希冀能为新形势下推动形成优势互补高质量发展的区域经济布局提供借鉴。 相似文献
16.
中国城市技术创新能力的空间特征及影响因素——基于空间面板数据模型的研究 总被引：11，自引：6，他引：5
基于2003~2013年城市专利数据采用基尼系数、趋势面分析、空间动态面板数据模型等方法探讨了中国城市技术创新能力的空间分布和影响因素。研究发现：① 中国创新能力高的城市高度集聚在沿海三大区域及内地的区域中心城市,随着时间推移,创新能力在空间上呈现扩散的趋势。城市技术创新能力的空间相关性逐渐增强,推动了创新的区域扩散和空间溢出。② 发明专利、外观专利和实用新型专利的创新水平依次降低,空间集聚程度依次提高,空间相关性依次提高。③ 固定效应面板数据的空间滞后模型和空间Durbin模型的计量结果发现,城市技术创新能力存在显著的空间溢出效应,邻近城市技术创新能力的提升有助于提升该市的创新能力。政府支持、工业基础、高等教育资源、创新投入、经济外向度显著影响城市技术创新能力水平的提升,且政府支持和城市高等教育资源对城市技术创新能力的影响出现增强趋势。 相似文献
17.
深圳服装业空间演化及影响因素分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于服装企业点状数据,采用核密度、标准差椭圆、热点探测和Ripley's K函数相结合的点模式空间分析方法,对比研究了1995、2000、2005和2010年深圳服装企业空间分布特征,进而利用负二项回归模型检验主要区位的影响因素,结果表明：深圳服装业随时间演变,核密度高值区域日渐明朗,整体呈现集中分布态势,标准差椭圆面积有所收缩,热点区域在扩大,西部热点区倾向北移,中部热点区得到进一步强化,集聚特征呈现“先增后减”趋势,集聚范围逐年扩大;负二项回归结果表明：产业集聚、区域协作和制度因素对服装业空间演化有着显著影响,其中产业集聚和制度因素影响逐渐加强,而区域协作在城市产业发展中寻求着空间动态平衡。深圳服装业空间演化惯性效应突出,因企业对集聚经济内在需求和区位环境等外部需求产生的路径依赖,约束了产业后续空间演化的各项特征。 相似文献
18.
通过收集中国西部12省份的714个开发区基础数据,采用最邻近距离、核密度分析法以及地理空间分析法,对1993—2015年间中国西部地区（简称西部地区）开发区的空间格局演化规律及产业分布特征展开分析。研究结果表明：（1） 西部地区开发区空间集聚特征显著,呈现出以重点城市和城市圈为依托的“多级集聚”的演变规律。（2） 西部地区开发区空间聚集程度和规模均呈现出不断增加的态势,集聚规模增长幅度大于集聚强度。（3） 西部地区国家级开发区各类型产业的集聚程度强于省级开发区,集聚规模弱于省级开发区。国家级开发区主要发展资金密集型、技术密集型产业,各类型产业分布格局呈现出单核心集聚特征;省级开发区以劳动密集型、资金密集型产业为主;各类型产业布局特征差距显著,技术密集型呈现出“大集聚、小分散”的分布格局、劳动密集型向中心城市集聚、资金密集型连片规模化发展。研究结果对于西部地区合理利用开发区来加强城市群联系,实现区域协调发展具有一定的现实意义。 相似文献
19.
中国城市住宅价格的空间分异格局及影响因素 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：4
分别研究2009年中国286个地级以上城市住宅均价和房价收入比的空间分异格局、总体趋势、空间异质性和相关性;根据供需理论和城市特征价格理论建立了影响中国城市住宅价格空间分异的初选因素,并根据半对数模型分析主要影响因素。结果表明：① 中国城市住宅价格空间分异显著,呈现出空间集聚性分异（东南沿海三大城市群与内陆城市之间）和行政等级性分异（省会与地级市之间）的双重格局;② 房价收入比较高的城市数量更多,分布范围更广,购房难度较大的城市已超过一半;③ 住宅均价的总体分异趋势和空间异质性都强于房价收入比;④ 城市居民收入与财富水平和城市区位与行政等级特征是住宅价格空间分异的两大核心影响因素。 相似文献
20.
Globalization,Economic Restructuring,and Locational Trajectories of Software Firms in Shanghai 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Yehua Dennis Wei Xiujing Bi Mingfeng Wang Yuemin Ning 《The Professional geographer》2016,68(2):211-226
Producer services are traditionally considered as place-bound and clustered in city centers to benefit from agglomeration effects. Such a pattern has been reshaped, however, by the decentralization of the service industry and the development of information and communication technology (ICT), especially for the software industry. This study investigates locational trajectories and underlying factors of software firms from 1990 to 2011 in Shanghai to detect intraurban location trajectories and spatial dynamics. We find that location of the software industry has changed from a monocentric pattern concentrated in the central city area toward a polycentric pattern with a relative decline of the core area. Using a conditional logit model, the study has found that government policies, accessibility, environmental conditions, agglomeration economies, and site characteristics are important determinants of location choice for software firms. In addition, the firm-level survey and in-depth interviews in Pudong Software Park show that government policy and planning, especially rent and tax incentives, have played a vital role in attracting software firms to locate in development zones. 相似文献