共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 55 毫秒
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《水文地质工程地质技术方法动态》2008,(1):30
衡量城市大小的数量概念,包括城市人口规模与城市地域规模两种指标,通常人口规模是衡量城市规模的决定性指标。按城市聚居人口大小可以区分城市规模大小,各同的具体分级标准不尽一致。联合国将2万人作为定义城市的人口下限,10万人作为划定大城市的下限,100万人作为划定特大城市的下限。这种分类反映了部分国家的惯例。中国在城市统计中对城市规模的分类标准如下：按市区非农业人口,20万人以下为小城市,20万人～50万人为中等城市,50万～100万人为大城市,100万人以上为特大城市。近年西方和苏联一些学者从经济效益和人均劳动生产率出发,认为城市规模越大,效果愈佳,主张发展大城市,从根本上否定城市合理规模的存在。 相似文献
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现阶段,我国社会经济正处于由粗放型向集约型转变的时期,城市的快速发展造成了对土地资源的巨大需求,城市土地利用在新旧体制过渡中存在诸多问题。一方面,城市用地规模扩张,土地需求急剧增加,而中小城市存在用地浪费严重的现象;另一方面,城市土地利用结构与布局不尽合理,土地利用效率低下。我国城市土地的粗放式利用不利于城市建设和社会经济的发展, 相似文献
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针对当前国内外现有城市空间扩展研究因数据和方法的制约而相对缺乏合理性评价以及伴随快速城镇化进程推进的我国城市空间扩展引发了一系列区域可持续发展问题的现实背景,试图基于逆向思维和问题诊断视角构建一座由非协调病理诊断通向协调发展道路的桥梁,从非协调性视角构建城市空间扩展合理性评价指标体系;内涵上具体表征为城市建设用地总量控制非协调性、城市建设用地与农用地、生态用地配比结构非协调性以及城市建设用地空间配置非协调性3个层面。并在此基础上,以2008年中国246个地级市为样本单元展开实证分析。期间从分区(经济区划)、分类(行政等级、道路交通、城市规模、城市属性、气候条件、地形条件等)的思维对其内在规律性进行了揭示、归纳与汇总。结果表明该识别体系较为合理,揭示结果与现实情况相吻合,可以作为认知城市空间扩展,缓解人多地少的基本国情和人地矛盾冲突,促进土地资源的集约高效、合理利用和区际公平可持续发展的理论依据。 相似文献
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随着我国社会经济的发展和城市化进程的加速,我国大城市土地资源变得紧缺。各要素的高度集聚出现各种矛盾,城市空间容量供需矛盾日益突出,使得地下空间开发的需求日趋明显,这也为城市地下空间开发带来机遇,但同时也面临种种挑战。本文从目前政策法规、开发现状及用途等存在问题入手,结合国外发达国家地下空间开发模式,提出我国城市地下空间健康发展的解决之道,以此展望我国城市地下空间发展前景。 相似文献
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利用空间计量模型对上海市镇域2009年建设用地规模与经济社会发展之间的关系进行了研究。研究表明：上海镇域的建设用地面积、GDP、固定资产投资额、总人口和城市化率都有显著的空间相关特征,说明传统计量分析低估了区域社会经济发展对建设用地增长的作用,也忽略了一个区域经济社会发展对邻近区域的建设用地的增长的“溢出效应”,忽略空间相关性和异质性的传统估计模型已不再适用,须考虑引入空间变量对传统模型进行修正。空间误差模型检验表明,建设用地扩张主要受GDP和人口增长的驱动,其中总人口的影响更为显著,而固定资产投资和城市化水平提高对建设用地规模影响甚微。因此,合理把握人口增长节奏,促进农村建设用地集约水平提高,是当前缓解土地资源紧缺的有效途径之一。 相似文献
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科学地预测城市需水量对城市的发展具有十分重要的意义。城市需水量受到多重因素的影响,各因素之间的相关性较大,从而导致一些预测计算结果失真,使一些公式的适用性不是很强。为此,采用主成分回归建模,借助主成分分析与典型相关分析的思路,有效地解决了各因子之间的相关问题,建立了城市需水量预报模型。结果表明．模型的拟合和预报精度均较好。 相似文献
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B. Merenne-Schoumaker 《GeoJournal》1977,1(4):97-98
Conclusions In order to end the unstructured development of industrial building and working class housing, many countries promoted a multiplication of industrial zones and estates in the outskirts of urban centers. At the same time the difficulties faced by industries implanted in the urban network resulted in the management of many companies leaving the towns and setting up their plants on these new sites.There exists a widespread tendency to de-urbanize industry which is causing big changes in the heart of built-up areas — not always on the positive side. Consequently, a new policy is gradually being developed to aim at a better integration of industrial activities with urban areas.Undoubtedly, industrial areas should be restricted to the outskirts for heavy industry with its harmful effects of space requirement. The present migration of many industrial concerns should be halted if a true re-organization of existing urban areas is desired.In order to achieve this, town planning policies should be reviewed and certain formulas elaborated to enable a true integration of industrial functions with other functions.The location of industrial activities, therefore, seems to have reached a new turning-point in its history. Careful consideration in all urban areas, whether they be new towns or other areas, is absolutely necessary to achieve a better organization of space, which is the ultimate aim of Applied Geography. 相似文献
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Claudio 《Geoforum》2001,32(4)
This paper describes key urban development strategies pursued during the last seven years by the Municipality of Rio de Janeiro, the second largest city in Brazil. It discloses internal processes, organisational restructuring of the municipality and institutional changes geared to increase effective urban management and resource mobilisation required to implement multiple sector programmes and key projects in several locations in the city like Favela Bairro and Rio Cidade Programmes, The Rio Strategic Plan, etc. It is argued that the formation of interdepartmental working groups for better horizontal articulation of policy making and implementation, the creation of the financial and accounting unit, the decentralisation of authority towards sub-municipality levels, and capacity strengthening of its personnel – among other things – have made a positive impact on the performance of local government. The paper further highlights a significant change towards policies of urban consolidation and revitalisation of declined areas of the city supported by heavy public investments and the effort towards broader civil society involvement in municipal projects. Municipal autonomy, problem-solving and result-oriented type of planning and management and organisational change are some of the lessons pinpointed by the paper for a city of that size and complexity. 相似文献
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Defining the urban 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A. Sayer Dr. 《GeoJournal》1984,9(3):279-284
In everyday discourse, the term urban causes few problems, but it certainly has for social theory. While the paper accepts the recent consensus that the term no longer serves to refer to a distinct object in capatalist societies, it argues that the familiar arguments have been confused by inadequate approaches to the problem of definition and inadequate concepts of space and ideology. Clarification of such definitions is a prime task of social theory and different methods of definition are discussed. The paper ends with a commentary on what is probably the best attempt at defining the urban — Raymond Williams The Country and the City. 相似文献